添加Ti和Al对热浸镀锌层组织结构的影响

制备了Ti、Al含量不同的热浸镀锌层,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察分析了镀层的组织结构.结果表明:Ti能有效抑制镀层中ζ相的生长,降低合金相层的厚度.60 s浸镀,添加0.04％ Ti时消除了镀层中ζ相分层现象;添加0.07％ Ti时在ζ/η相界生成细小颗粒状T相;240 s浸镀,在ζ/η界面及η相中生成了颗粒状T相,甚至形成连续分布的T相小岛.锌浴中同时添加Ti和Al对Fe-Zn合金相生长的抑制作用加剧,短时间浸镀时就促使含铝T相在η相中生成.     

Zn-Ni-Ti热浸镀层组织及其耐蚀性

将Q235钢在450℃的Zn-Ni-Ti合金中热浸镀0.5~5 min,研究了锌池中添加0.03%~0.06%Ni和0.02%~0.04%Ti对含硅结构钢热浸镀锌层组织的影响。并通过电化学方法测试了Zn-Ni-Ti合金及其镀层在10%Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性。研究发现,锌池中同时添加0.03%~0.05%Ni和0.02%~0.03%Ti可有效抑制Q235钢热浸镀锌时的硅反应性,合金层厚度明显减薄,其生长主要受扩散控制。而且不会形成大量的三元化合物渣滓。实验证实,添加微量Ni和Ti后,提高了锌合金及其镀层的耐蚀性。但当添加0.05%Ni+0.04%Ti时,镀层表面质量下降,还会形成较多的溶解了约1.0%Ni的Zn-Fe-Ti三元化合物。     

锰对热浸Zn-0.2%Al合金镀层组织和生长动力学影响的研究

向Zn-0.2%Al热浸镀浴中添加一定量的锰,在纯铁上获得了不同的合金镀层。采用光学显微镜和带能谱仪的扫描电镜分析锰对镀层形貌和生长动力学的影响。结果表明,锰能促进δ相呈致密状生长,且各相层中的锰含量随锌池中锰含量的增加而增加,锰主要富集在破碎状相层中;镀层厚度随锰含量的增加而减小,当浸镀Zn-0.2%Al时,镀层的生长呈线性规律,为界面扩散控制;当浸镀Zn-0.2%Al-Mn时,镀层的生长为抛物线规律,受扩散控制,这说明锰元素的加入抑制了锌元素的扩散。     

热镀锌铝镁镀层钢的组织和腐蚀特性

采用SEM、XRD、电化学方法和中性盐雾试验对成分不同的热镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层与GL镀层的组织和腐蚀特性进行了对比研究。结果表明：添加Mg后镀层主要由纯Zn相、Zn-MgZn₂二元共晶相和Zn-Al-MgZn₂三元共晶相组成,镀层截面由枝晶状组织和合金层组成,枝晶状组织分布于镀层的整个截面上;电化学试验时镀层的电流密度较低,说明镀层中铝、镁及MgZn₂相的存在可以在镀层表面形成稳定的化合物,降低锌的溶解速度,避免腐蚀的发生;共晶相可以使Mg元素在镀层中均匀分布,促使致密的碱式碳酸锌等腐蚀产物的生成,从而抑制阴极反应,增强热镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层的耐蚀性。     

奥氏体化过程中热冲压钢Al-Si镀层的组织演化

利用差示扫描量热仪、场发射电子探针和激光共聚焦显微镜研究了22MnB5热冲压钢奥氏体化过程中Al-Si镀层的组织演化。镀层板升温过程中,Al-Si镀层在570 ℃左右熔化;由于温度较低,Al、Fe、Si原子的扩散受到Fe₂SiAl₇阻挡。当温度升到610 ℃左右时,扩散到镀层的Al原子增多,使得Fe₂Al₅进一步生长;Si原子向基体和镀层外表面扩散,由于Fe₂Al₅溶解Si原子能力弱,因此在Fe₂Al₅晶界处形成一层沉淀物FeSiAl₂,其余的Si原子就扩散在镀层表面形成Fe₂SiAl₇。750 ℃时,Al原子扩散到基体中形成了Fe₃Al;镀层中的Fe原子增加使Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₂不断生长;由于Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₂相中Si原子的溶解度低,因此会在晶界处形成Fe₃SiAl₅沉淀物;与Fe₂Al₅、Fe₃SiAl₅、Fe₃Al相比,FeAl₂相的生长速度更快,所占Al-Si镀层整体体积最大,这是因为FeAl₂正交晶格中沿c轴的高空位率(30%)导致了FeAl₂相的生长动力学更强。     

Ni和Ti协同作用对Q235钢热镀锌层组织性能的影响研究

研究了锌池中微量合金元素Ni和Ti协同作用对Q235钢热浸镀锌层组织性能的影响。将Q235钢分别在Zn-0.03%Ni-0.02%Ti、Zn-0.06%Ni-0.02%Ti、Zn-0.06%Ni-0.03%Ti、Zn-0.06%Ni-0.04%Ti以及Zn-0.05%Ni-0.03%Ti锌池中热浸镀0.5~5 min,然后用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析仪分析了镀层组织结构及厚度的变化。实验结果表明,锌池中添加0.03%Ni-0.02%Ti基本能抑制Q235钢合金层的Fe-Zn反应,且随Ni或Ti含量的增加,抑制效果更加明显。但是当Ti含量大于0.03%时,镀层中会形成溶解有少量Ni的Zn-Fe-Ti三元化合物,且随Ti含量的增加,三元化合物的量也逐渐增加。     

Zn-Co-TiO2纳米复合镀层的光生阴极保护特性

用纳米复合电沉积技术在低碳钢表面制备了Zn-Co-TiO₂纳米复合镀层。用SEM、EDS和XRD等技术手段对样品进行了分析与表征。结果表明,镀层中TiO₂的含量约为12.63%,并均匀分散在镀层中,可以起到细化Zn-Co合金镀层晶粒的作用,并使Zn-Co合金镀层的耐蚀性能得到提高。用紫外光辅助照射电极电位监测方法研究Zn-Co-TiO₂纳米复合镀层光生阴极保护特性。结果表明,在紫外光照射下,镀层的电极电位负移,说明镀层具有光生阴极保护性能;关闭紫外光灯后,其电极电位正移,但仍低于镀层未光照前的电极电位。在400℃下氧化6 h后镀层表面生成了ZnO薄膜,其与TiO₂的协同作用可进一步提高镀层的光生阴极保护性能。     

Al和RE对Zn-Al合金镀层组织和耐蚀性的影响

采用烘干溶剂法在Q235钢表面获得Zn-(0.02~5)%Al和Zn-5%Al-0.05%RE(质量分数)合金镀层,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察合金镀层的宏观形貌和表面、断面组织形貌,用能谱仪分析合金镀层的合金元素分布,分别用中性盐雾实验和全浸腐蚀实验研究合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,锌浴中Al的质量分数为0.02%时,Zn-Al合金镀层的光亮度最好,随着Al含量增加光亮度下降;Zn-Al基合金镀层中,从外层的η相到接近钢基体的T相中,Zn含量逐渐减少,Fe和Al含量逐渐增加;随着镀浴中Al含量增加,热浸镀Zn-Al合金镀层的腐蚀速率减小;添加稀土元素能提高Zn-Al合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能。     

无铵助镀条件下热浸镀Zn-0.05%Al合金镀层的组织结构

采用无铵助镀工艺对基体进行预处理,分别在450℃的纯锌浴和Zn-0.05%Al合金浴中制备了镀层,借助SEM、EDS等分析对比了两种锌浴中镀层的形成和微观组织结构,探讨了无铵助镀条件下Zn-0.05%Al合金浴中Al对镀层形成过程及组织结构的影响。结果表明:无铵助镀条件下锌浴中添加0.05%Al可显著提高镀层的外观质量并使镀层厚度减薄;随着浸镀时间的延长,最终两种锌浴中制备的镀层均由ζ_1、ζ_2、δ和η相组成。0.05%Al的添加可以降低镀层中合金相层的厚度,在镀层形成的初始阶段抑制了ζ相的生成和长大,延迟了ζ相的分层;0~300 s浸镀时,两种锌浴中合金相层的生长速率主要受扩散速度控制,Zn-0.05%Al合金浴中浸镀时间≤30 s时,合金相层的生长速率受界面反应速度控制。     

纳米TiO2颗粒对Ni-W-P合金镀层性能的影响

目的 探究纳米TiO₂颗粒对Ni-W-P镀层组织结构、耐蚀性与耐磨性能的影响,提高2024铝合金管材的耐蚀性。方法 使用化学镀的方法在2024铝合金表面制备了Ni-W-P/TiO₂纳米复合镀层,通过SEM、EDS、XRD表征了镀层的表面形貌、表面元素分布以及镀层物相。对比了传统Ni-W-P镀层与所制备Ni-W-P/TiO₂纳米复合镀层的显微硬度与耐磨性。结果 加入纳米TiO₂颗粒后,镀层表面变得更加致密,晶粒得到细化。EDS结果表明,纳米TiO₂颗粒在镀层中分布均匀。物相分析表明,镀层为晶态结构,加入纳米TiO₂颗粒后,镀层平均晶粒尺寸为9.706 nm,比Ni-W-P镀层的晶粒尺寸减小了0.612 nm。失重试验表明,Ni-W-P/TiO₂纳米复合镀层在Cl^–为2×10⁵ mg/L的地层水中具有较强的耐蚀性,腐蚀速率为0.1062 g/（m²·h）,与Ni-W-P镀层...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。