I.D.11

这一期的《I．D．》是创刊50周年的纪念刊，很值得大家收藏哦!一些杂志的纪念刊都是回顾过去或者展望未来，而I．D．选择了关注我们四周正在发生的变化。我们选择的便是《I．D．》所关注的日常生活中的点点滴滴．不经意间．你的生活是不是变得更加与众不同了呢?     

《I.D.》 2007.11/12

烟灰玻璃，动物主题家具，引领灯具大军的LED灯，这些都是本期《I.D.》2007最具创意产品专题的内容之一。从生活家具到办公家具，从玩具娱乐到时尚穿着，让我们一起回顾2007都有哪些精彩的设计。     

外刊速览——《I.D.》

水是我们身边再普通不过的物质了，它会从手指缝隙间流过。如果想象这种物质具有生命力的话，我们发现由此带来的诱惑难以抵档。第51期《I．D．》杂志以“水”为主题，讨论了在各个状态许多下与水有关的设计话题。有预测大洋与河流如何变化与循环的三维水道模型；将清洁的水通过开发出来的系统输送到外部空间以供那里的生命存活；在北极地区用变化莫测的冰和雪进行艺术创作……此外，还有一些和水打交道的产品设计设计话题，比如咖啡壶和电热壶等。     

Theory of helium under heat flow near the λ point. I. Interface of He I and He II

A He I-He II interface is shown to exist under heat flow and is studied near the point. The temperature in the superfluid region is found to be of the form T –T Q^3/4 if dynamic scaling is assumed, where T is the critical temperature andQ is the heat flow. In the normal region the temperature has a finite gradient. Here we are neglecting a small thermal resistance due to vortices in the superfluid region. In a finite system with size much greater than the correlation length a first-order phase transition occurs as an inverted bifurcation as the temperature at the cooler boundary is lowered slightly below T. Namely, the system will jump from the disordered state to a state in which the two phases are separated by an interface. The theory can be constructed analogously to the theory of superconductors in a magnetic field.     

Controlled tumbling of projectiles—I. Theoretical model

The present investigation is concerned with the generation of controlled tumbling of a blunt-nosed hard-steel projectile and, to some extent, the effect of this tumbling on targets struck subsequently. The mechanism for producing this motion from an initial state of translation in the direction of the projectile axis consisted of the impingement of the bullet on the edge of deflector plates of aluminum, steel or plastic of various thicknesses with various degrees of overlap. These initially plane rectangular plates were rigidly held on three sides and struck at the center of the fourth, or free, edge. This first portion of the study consists of the continuum-mechanical analysis of the impact of the projectile on the plate and the subsequent motion of the projectile. A mode shape analysis is employed to ascertain the deplection of the plate with the impact area modeled as a hexagon. The projection is considered as rigid and its motion as planar prior and subsequent to the impact with the deflector plate, which is modeled as a rigid-perfectly plastic material. The numerical predictions of the theoretical development, the experimental set-up and the data derived from the tests, as well as a comparison between the analytical and measured values, are presented in a companion paper [Ruiz and Goldsmith, Int. J. Impact Engng Vol. 7, in press (1988)].     

Beyond plain weave fabrics – I. Geometrical model

In response to the large variety of weaving styles offered by the textile industry, a new general approach for the geometrical modeling of 2D biaxial orthogonal woven fabric reinforcements for composite materials is proposed here. New geometrical parameters are introduced in order to describe general families of twill and satin woven patterns, and a new classification of woven fabrics is proposed based on these parameters. Generation of the 3D internal geometry of the woven fabric families is achieved based on new geometrical functions that consider the actual configuration of the composite material in all its complexity. The proposed geometrical model is intended as the foundation for further analytical or numerical modeling of the mechanical properties of the composite materials reinforced with these fabrics.     

美A.I.Soler教授应邀到粤制冷学会作学术报告

美宾夕法尼亚大学机械工程和应用力学系教授、研究生部主任,美 ASME 传热委员会委员,著名换热器专家 A.I.Soler 教授于1985年11月6日应我广东省制冷学会邀请,到学会作双管板等新型换热器的专题学术报告。报告会由学会副理事长兼秘书长刘彦华工程师主持,付理事长兼付秘     

仿生矿化的研究I.文石型碳酸钙的合成

在聚乙二醇（ＰＥＯ）存在下，ＣａＣｌ２和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３反应生成了类似红鲍鱼壳的含有ＰＥＯ的碳酸钙－高聚物复合材料。Ｘ－衍射和电镜照片显示，它有两种微观结构：外层为文石型和方解石型结构，内层为针状文石型结构。热重分析表明，该材料中含有３％在右ＰＥＯ。结果说明，聚合物对碳酸钙晶核的形成和晶体的生长有很大影响，并对其形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

集成是关键——T.I.A在热收缩包装机上的应用

广东省某轻工机械厂是国内主要的啤酒和饮料包装单机设备和成套生产线的大型生产企业。其裹膜包装机在国内市场的占有率很高，广泛应用啤酒．饮料．食品．化工．医药等行业。为了在激烈的市场竞争中处于技术领先的地位，他们与西门子华南区业务部合作，成功地将西门子的T．I．A．(全集成自动化)解决方案应用在新一代的裹膜包装机上。     

关于n=2情形下的V.I.Arnold问题的注记

关于n=2情形下的V.1.Arnold问题,即讨论方程组的零解的稳定性问题,(1)作出了很好的工作,本文对高次奇点的稳定性的讨论作了适当的简化。 借助非奇异线性变换,当特征方程λ~2-(a_1+b_2)λ+a_1b_2-a_2b_1=有单零根时,可将(1)化为标准形(1):     

高性能高分子材料新领域——I.重油聚合复合材料

文中提出了以重质油尤其是渣油分离的芳香分直接聚合成热固性(c-COPNA)或热塑性高聚物材料(t-COPNA)的方法,由此创建了高性能高分子材料原料的新来源与新领域,衍生出新一代耐高温、耐磨损、耐环境及多功能性专用料体系。与从原油裂化制备单体,再聚合成高聚物材料的传统路线相比,重油缩聚高分子材料技术路线具有综合效益高、环保性强而资源更加丰富的突出优点,对于应对能源危机、高分子原料不足的现状,有重大经济社会意义。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of LaMnO3+δ: F.T.I.R. and W.A.X.S. investigations of the evolution from amorphous to crystallized powder

Pseudo-cubic LaMnO₃₊ powders were obtained by pyrolysis of the amorphous residue of the hydrothermal treatment, at 150°C under autogeneous pressure, of lanthanum and manganese nitrates in presence of citric acid. The pyrolysis steps are identified by coupled T.G.A.-D.T.A. determining also the carbon content evolution. From F.T.I.R. and W.A.X.S. investigation of the amorphous powders calcined at various temperatures in the 200–1000°C range, it is shown that the crystallization occurs slowly in the 550–700°C range and that the perovskite skeleton already exists in the amorphous citrate precursors formed by the hydrothermal treatment.     

Patent analysis using online databases—I. Technological trend analysis

Patent analysis has been the subject of academic interest for some thirty years or more, because of its potential as an econometric measure. For industrial information units, which lack the manpower to carry out the extensive and time-consuming calculations involved, it can nevertheless be a valuable aid to decision-making in such areas as acquisitions and divestitures, R&D planning and new product development. Access to online patents databases and simple analytical software allows the information specialist to obtain measures of technological and competitive activity which, if not always statistically verifiable, may help focus attention on underlying trends. This paper lists a number of suitable techniques, accompanied by examples, which may be used to study technological trends. A second paper will be devoted to competitor activity monitoring.     

云母和纤维组合增强聚丙烯复合材料 I.力学性能研究

以云母填充聚丙烯为基体,连续无规玻璃纤维毡为增强材料,通过双钢带压机制成了云母填充GMT（Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic)。研究了云母的加入对GMT力学性能的影响。结果表明,少量云母的加入,使GMT的力学性能发生明显变化,强度和刚性显著提高,云母和纤维表现出正的组合效应;随着云母填充量增加,GMT的强度和模量下降,云母与纤维的组合表现出负效应,云母对GMT力学性能的影响主要与云母的加入引起的玻璃纤维与聚丙烯基体之间的界面结合有关,少量云母的加入使玻璃纤维与基体的界面结合强度提高,而大量云母的加入则造成纤维与基体界面结合强度下降,向基体中添加马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MPP）,通用效改善云母含量较高情况下纤维与基体的界面结合状况,使高填充云母GMT表现出优良的力学性能,还研究了云母粒径对云母填充GMT力学性能的影响。