光学晶体K2Al2B2O7用于全固态紫外激光器的理论研究

讨论了(KABO)晶体的折射率与群速指数随光波长参数的变化.基于非线性光学晶体的谐波理论,详细分析比较了KABO晶体倍频和三倍频的频率变换特性.得到了LD泵浦的调QNd:YAG激光器在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类相位匹配下的倍频,三倍频、四倍频的相位匹配角、有效非线性系数、光波走离角等参量.     

Properties of second harmonic generation in nonlinear optical crystals CsLiB_6O_(10) and K_2Al_2B_2O_7

1 Introduction In recent years short wavelength coherent radiation lying in th blue and UV range has attracted wide attention for a variety o applications, including laser printing, undersea communicatio etc. In view of this, several studies of nonlinear-…     

光子晶体中二阶非线性过程产生三次谐波的研究

运用非线性耦合波理论,分析了在非线性光子晶体中,通过二阶过程产生三次谐波的准相位匹配条件。数值模拟结果表明,在入射光中引入倍频光信号,能够极大地改变三次谐波的转换效率。当入射光中倍频光与基频光强度比以及两者复振幅的初相角满足一定的条件时,可在宽的入射光强范围内获得很高的三次谐波转换效率。     

Efficient Second Harmonic Generation Through Selective Photonic Crystal-Microcavity Coupling

In this paper, a new 2-D frequency converter based on second harmonic generation (SHG) in GaAs photonic crystal waveguides is proposed. The input waveguide, where the second order nonlinear process takes place, is coupled to a secondary waveguide that is designed to allow only SH propagation. A row of photonic crystal microcavity resonators is then placed parallel to the waveguides in order to assist the field coupling. By tuning the resonance of the microcavities at second harmonic wave, the waveguides-microcavities arrangement showed good enhancement of conversion efficiency and selectivity. The performance of the proposed frequency converter has been analyzed by using multiresolution time domain (MRTD) scheme developed for nonlinear problems in conjunction with uniaxial perfectly matched layer (UPML) boundary conditions that rigorously truncate the computational window.     

Raman oscillation with intracavity second harmonic generation

We use a plane-wave analysis to examine a Raman oscillator containing an intracavity second harmonic interaction that frequency doubles the circulating first-order Stokes radiation. We find that there is an optimum ratio between the nonlinear coupling in the Raman medium and the nonlinear coupling in the frequency doubler. We also find that higher order Stokes radiation should be suppressed with the optimum choice of nonlinear coupling in the frequency doubler. We present numerical integration results that model the stimulated Raman scattering and second harmonic generation in three spatial dimensions. Quantum efficiencies as large as 48% are predicted from planewave theory and 43% are obtained from numerical integration of the equations containing transverse effects     

基于周期极化晶体的QPM-SHG技术发展及其应用

随着新型高质量的非线性晶体的出现,准相位匹配技术成为非线性频率变换的最有效的方法。从周期极化晶体准相位匹配二次谐波发生器（QPM-SHG）的基本原理出发,简要介绍了实现周期极化晶体的方法和技术,总结了准相位匹配技术在光子学微结构晶体材料和波导材料中的最新研究进展和发展趋势,展望了用微结构波导QPM-SHG实现飞秒光纤光源的发展应用前景。     

常用双轴晶体连续调谐倍频时的相位匹配特性

本文讨论了常用双轴晶体ＫＴＰ、ＬＢＯ、ＫＮ在基频光波长连续调谐时的倍频相位匹配特性，给出了这三种晶体在不同波长倍频时的最佳相位匹配角的有效倍频极化系数，并纠正了以往计算中的不正确作法。     

5ps紫外超短光脉冲产生技术

描述了采用国内新型高效的二倍频晶体ＫＴＰ和四倍频晶体ＬＡＰ建立起来的一套稳定可靠的１．０６μｍ脉冲激光四倍频系统，通过计算机模拟确定了运行参数的最佳值，从而使谐波器件的转换效率提高，另外还分析了失配角Δθ，光功率密度等因素对倍频效率的影响。该系统产生的超短紫外光脉冲对Ｘ光条纹相机的动态参数及带时标的条纹相机的研究具有重要意义。实验测得最短的紫外光脉冲宽度为５ｐｓ     

Fourth harmonic generation in a resonant ring cavity

We have analyzed the generation of the fourth harmonic of pulsed laser radiation in a ring cavity that resonates at the second harmonic wavelength. With the help of numerical simulation, the dependence of the conversion efficiency on input laser power as well as cavity loss and nonlinear crystal coefficient is obtained. The model predicts over 50% conversion from the fundamental to the fourth harmonic with less than 1.2 MW of input power (10 mJ in 8.5 ns). The results compare well with experimental measurements where 39.5% infrared-ultraviolet conversion was obtained using low power from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser     

BIBO晶体腔内倍频高效率473 nm 蓝光激光器

BIBO(BiB3O6)晶体是一种新型的非线性光学晶体，物化性能稳定、光损伤阈值高，并且具有相当大的非线性光学系数，可以制作成频率变换器件，获得高效的倍频激光输出。报道了用BIBO晶体对一台运转于946nm激光谱线的激光二极管(LD)抽运Nd：YAG激光器进行腔内倍频获得高效率的473nm蓝光输出的实验结果。用国产的激光二极管端面抽运厚2．2mm，掺杂浓度1．0at．-％的Nd：YAG激光晶体，在注入抽运光功率为1．6W时，用5mm长的Ⅰ类临界位相匹配BIBO晶体获得的TEM0。模蓝光输出达183mw，相应的腔内倍频转换效率为11．4％，比同样工作条件下10mm长Ⅰ类LBO晶体的倍频效率高45％以上。     

Organic Phenolic Configurationally Locked Polyene Single Crystals for Electro‐optic and Terahertz Wave Applications

We investigate a configurationally locked polyene (CLP) crystal 2‐(3‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐enylidene)malononitrile (OH1) containing a phenolic electron donor, which also acts as a hydrogen bond donor. The OH1 crystals with orthorhombic space group Pna2₁ (point group mm2) exhibit large second‐order nonlinear optical figures of merit, high thermal stability and very favorable crystal growth characteristics. Higher solubility in methanol and a larger temperature difference between the melting temperature and the decomposition temperature of OH1 compared to analogous CLP crystals, are of advantage for solution and melt crystal growth, respectively. Acentric bulk OH1 crystals of large sizes with side lengths of up to 1 cm with excellent optical quality have been successfully grown from methanol solution. The microscopic and macroscopic nonlinearities of the OH1 crystals are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The OH1 crystals exhibit a large macroscopic nonlinearity with four times larger powder second harmonic generation efficiency than that of analogous CLP crystals containing dimethylamino electron donor. A very high potential of OH1 crystals for broadband THz wave emitters in the full frequency range of 0.1–3 THz by optical rectification of 160 fs pulses has been demonstrated.     

利用Ⅱ类相位匹配实现稳定倍频输出

提出利用Ⅱ类相位匹配方法实现稳定倍频输出,并对该方法进行了理论分析和数值模拟。数值模拟是对KTP晶体xy平面内的Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程进行的。数值计算结果表明,Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程中,当基频光以除最佳入射偏振角之外的偏振方向入射时,倍频强度曲线随倍频晶体长度增加而呈周期性变化;由于这种周期性变化的存在,当基频光起伏变化时,倍频强度曲线会交叉汇聚,出现倍频稳定区;当偏离角(入射偏振角与最佳入射偏振角差值)一定时,随着基频光入射强度的增大,实现稳定倍频输出所需的倍频晶体长度减小,稳定输出时倍频效率不变;当基频光强度一定时,随着偏离角的增大,倍频输出稳定性提高,倍频效率稍有下降。     

Effects of plate thickness and stack distribution ofquasi-phase-matched materials on nonlinear frequency generation

Analytical results indicate that the plate-thickness tolerance of the GaAs plates in a quasi-phase-matched (QPM) stack with respect to the coherence length is not a critical parameter. Rather, proper placement order of the plates of different thicknesses that make up the stack is essential for generating efficient nonlinear conversion; conversion efficiency approaching that from a stack of plates with plate thickness equal exactly to the coherence length can be obtained. In effect, such ordered stacking optimizes the relative phase of the nonlinear process as it propagates down the stack and enhances the conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the analysis shows that random-order stacking of plates of different thicknesses produces a large variation in conversion efficiency, varying from one random stack to another. This may not be desirable in practice; one would normally prefer to have a process that produces QPM stacks with good and predictable performance. A single-pass three-wave coupled nonlinear frequency interaction model with temporal and spatial pulse profiles is used to analyze the behavior of the nonlinear conversion process in a quasi-phase-matched stack. Second-harmonic generation of CO₂ laser radiation in GaAs plates is used as an example     

Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG键合晶体的355 nm激光器

报道了一台基于Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG键合晶体的全固态355 nm紫外(UV)激光器的设计及实验结果.采用平-平腔结构获得高峰值功率、小束腰的1064 nm基频光.在谐振腔外,未聚焦的1064 nm基频光经KTP晶体倍频产生532 nm波长激光,二者再经LBO晶体和频获得355 nm紫外激光输出.实验中发现尽管Nd:YAG与Cr:YAG都是各向同性晶体,但在特定情况下输出的1064 nm基频光具有近似线偏振的特性,此特性可以有效地增加二次谐波产生(SHG)时基频光的利用率,从而提高整台激光器的转换效率.而基频光的谱线宽度及发散角也影响二次谐波及三次谐波产生(THG)的转换效率,需使其尽量在晶体的允许带宽及允许角范围以内.综合这几点因素,对激光谐振腔进行了仔细设计.当激光二极管(LD)抽运功率为8 W,激光器运行稳定时,基频光峰值功率达28 kW,最终获得平均功率为124 mW的355 nm紫外激光.     

Nonlinear coupled transmission line analysis for second harmonic generation in traveling-wave GaAs MESFET's

A coupled nonlinear transmission line analysis for second harmonic generation from a traveling-wave field-effect transistor is presented. In the formulation, three main nonlinearities, namely the Schottky-barrier capacitance, the transconductance and the draincon-ductance, are considered. The coupled nonlinear differential equations are solved under a weak-coupling approximation with the help of the Weierstrassian elliptical function. It is observed that the second harmonic gain is significant afterx/l ≃ 0.7(wherelis the transverse length of the transistor). After this value of x, the amplitude at second-harmonic level increases sharply and follows almost a square-law behavior. It is found that the output drain conductance emerges as a large contributor to harmonic generation. The possibility of an image gate as drain conductivity modulator or phase velocity synchronizer is proposed. It is confirmed that travelling-wave MESFET's can also be used as harmonic generators.     

CsLiB6O10晶体用于平顶高斯光束和高斯光束二次谐波转换效率的特性比较

本文讨论了CsLiB6O10晶体用于平顶高斯光束和高斯光束二次谐波转换效率的机理，对影响平顶高斯光束的二次谐波转换效率的泵浦光强度、偏振分量比、晶体长度和平顶高斯光束的阶数进行了分析和数值模拟，获得了在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类相位匹配下，通过CsLiB6O10晶体时平顶高斯光束的二次谐波转换效率理论值逼近于1和78．5％。得出在相同条件下，平顶高斯光束的二次谐波转换效率大于高斯型69．1％的结果。     

Single-Cycle Terahertz Pulse Generation from OH1 Crystal via Cherenkov Phase Matching

OH1 crystal is an organic nonlinear optical crystal with a large nonlinear optical constant. However, it has dispersion of refractive indices in the terahertz (THz) frequency. This limits the frequencies that satisfy the phase matching conditions for THz wave generation. In this study, we addressed the phase matching conditions for THz wave generation by combining an OH1 crystal with prism-coupled Cherenkov phase matching. We observed the generation of single-cycle THz pulses with a spectrum covering a frequency range of 3 THz. These results prove that combining prism-coupled Cherenkov phase matching with nonlinear optical crystals yields a THz wave generation method that is insusceptible to crystal dispersion.     

2.1 W连续绿光输出的一阶准相位匹配内腔倍频

利用周期极化化学计量比掺氧化镁LiTaO3晶体(PP-MgO∶SLT),对半导体激光器(LD)端面抽运的1064-nm-Nd∶YVO4激光器进行了一阶准相位匹配(QPM)内腔倍频(ISHG)。PP-MgO∶SLT晶体长20 mm,极化周期为7.93μm(室温下),利用外加电场极化法制作,极化沿晶体的z向进行。实验中基频光波和倍频光波均沿晶体z向偏振以利用其最大的有效非线性系数。Nd∶YVO4激光器选用三镜折叠腔结构,在半导体激光器抽运功率为11 W,晶体温度为70.4℃时,产生了最大输出功率为2.1 W的连续绿光激光,光-光转换效率为19%。同时对PP-MgO∶SLT晶体外腔单程倍频下的转换效率与晶体温度间的关系进行了理论研究。实验中测得的内腔倍频的允许温度要远大于外腔单程倍频;另外,观察到随着晶体温度的变化倍频光功率出现突然下降的现象,并给出了相应的讨论。     

A femtosecond waveform transfer technique using type II second harmonic generation

We present a novel waveform frequency conversion technique by type II second harmonic generation (SHG). We have theoretically studied and experimentally demonstrated femtosecond waveform transfer from 800 to 400 nm wavelength by type II SHG in a lithium triborate (LBO) crystal. The output second harmonic (SH) waveform is a temporally magnified or compressed version of the input fundamental waveform, depending on the experimental configuration. Our experiments demonstrate that this technique can transfer not only the intensity profiles of the fundamental waveform, but also the phase profiles. This technique shows promise for programmable generation of shaped ultrafast optical waveforms down to the UV range, where direct pulse shaping is challenging.     

Phase-matched harmonic generation in lithium triborate (LBO)

The authors present refractive index, thermo-optic, phase-matching angle, nonlinear coefficient, absorption, and scattering data on lithium triborate (LBO) crystals. They briefly discuss the material quality of the crystals, including the results of calorimetric absorption measurements in the infrared and ultraviolet. They present a new set of refractive index values with better than fourth decimal place precision, as well as measurements of the thermo-optic parameters. The nonlinear coefficients and other frequency conversion parameters of LBO were investigated by studying the phase-matched generation of Nd:YAG harmonics. These results are summarized. The authors discuss angular and thermal bandwidths for phase matching. Finally, they compare the efficiency of LBO with that of several other frequency conversion crystals for a common commercial application-the generation of Nd:YAG harmonics