Malignant cell transformation in rats in vitro as affected by the variolovaccine virus

The capacity of the variolovaccine virus with low cytopathogenic activity to cause morphologic and malignant transformation of normal rat cells in vitro is detected. The transformed cells induced tumours in gamma-irradiated rats.     

Reliability of MOSFETs as affected by the interface traptransformation process

An investigation of the long-term time-dependent degradation of the subthreshold characteristics in n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs resulting from Fowler-Nordheim electron injection is discussed. Immediately after the hot-electron injection, degradation in both n- and p-channel transistors due to the hot-electron-induced interface traps is observed. When measured after the hot-electron injection was terminated, however, the subthreshold slope in n-channel transistors exhibits a gradual recovery toward its preinjection level, while that in p-channel transistors continues to degrade with time. This phenomenon can be explained by the interface trap transformation process, which is characterized by a gradual reduction of the hot-electron-induced interface traps above midgap and a gradual increase of the interface traps below midgap     

Changes in rat pleural mesothelium as affected by intrapleural administration of asbestos

When studying total pleural mesothelium films in rats after intrapleural injection of chrysotile the pathological regeneration of the mesothelium is observed. During 12 months of the experiment rare mitoses, multinuclear cells and symplasts were found.     

Changes in the content and composition of gangliosides of tumors as affected by chemotherapeutic agents

The lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) levels increased in the metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and significantly decreased in blood plasma of the tumour-bearing mice after cyclophosphamide treatment correlating with the drug therapeutic effect. 5-fluorouracil that was less active in the used therapeutic doses did not cause similar changes in the LSA levels. No correlation was found between the LSA levels in adenocarcinoma 755 and the drug antitumour activity. It was observed that the content of hematoside, GM1 and GD1b sharply increases and GD3 and GD1a levels significantly decrease under the cyclophosphamide treatment of the Lewis tumour.     

XeF2光解离波的空间传输对形成XeF(C-A)激光的影响

利用XeF2光解离波图像,测量了现有激光实验条件下的解离波半径及传输速度,解离波厚度为5～8mm,传输速度随泵浦时间的增加而减慢,平均速度约13km／s。选择四种不同的腔轴位置,腔轴距泵浦源表面的距离d分别为10、13、16、20mm,激光实验结果表明,XeF2光解离波的空间传输对XeF（C—A）激光的形成有影响,激光形成时间、脉宽均随腔轴远离泵浦源而增加;输出能量在腔轴取13mm处最大。     

Statistical characterization of the Jones matrix of long fibers affected by polarization mode dispersion (PMD)

The unitary transfer matrix of a fiber affected by polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is analyzed using the Stokes representation of its eigenmodes and its retardation angle, or equivalently through its Pauli coordinates. We develop a statistical theory applied to these parameters and relate it to the extensive existing literature on the statistics of the PMD vector Dynamical equations are established for the Pauli coordinates. Assuming a standard "white Gaussian" model for the local birefringence, and using the tools of stochastic calculus, we derive the distributions of the eigenmodes, the retardation angle, the Pauli coordinates, and of the frequency derivatives of all these parameters. The evolution in space of the Pauli coordinates is also characterized as a standard Brownian motion on the unit sphere in /spl Rfr//sup 4/. An expression for the frequency autocorrelation function of the Pauli coordinates, the eigenmodes and the retardation angle is derived and their coherence bandwidth is compared to that of the PMD vector. All theoretical results are supported by simulation over an ensemble of 10000 fibers, using the standard retarder plate model.     

Translocation of sLe(x) on the azurophilic granule membrane to the plasma membrane in activated human neutrophils

Using immunogold electron microscopy, we found that human neutrophilic sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)), an adhesive ligand for selectins, detectable by a monoclonal antibody, KM-93, is present in the sacculi of the Golgi apparatus as well as on the membranes of large electron-lucent azurophilic granules and the plasma membrane, including surface projections and microvilli. Neutrophilic sLe(x), however, was not detected on the membranes of specific granules. In comparison with the distribution of sLe(x), CD18 was localized on the plasma membrane and specific granule membrane but not on the azurophilic granule membrane. We also found by immunogold electron microscopy and flow cytometry that treatment of neutrophils with sialidase resulted in a loss of sLex on the plasma membrane. In contrast, intracellular sLex on the azurophilic granule membrane was not destroyed by sialidase. When sialidase-treated neutrophils were stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), an inflammatory mediator peptide, in the presence of cytochalasin B, we observed by immunogold electron microscopy and flow cytometry that sLe(x) again appeared on the plasma membrane. These results indicate that stimulation by fMLP induces the up-regulation of sLe(x) on the cell surface by promoting translocation of sLe(x) from the azurophilic granule membrane to the plasma membrane in human neutrophils.     

电磁脉冲对大鼠肾上腺超微结构损伤的研究

目的 :本研究拟通过观察电磁脉冲 (EMP)辐照大鼠后其肾上腺组织学及超微结构的改变 ,初步探讨EMP致肾上腺损伤的特点。方法 :雄性二级Wistar大鼠 2 4只 ,随机分为 6组 ,每组 4只。其中 1组为对照组 ,其余 5组为辐照组。辐照组在高场强电磁脉冲模拟源下 ,以场强为 6× 10 4 V m ,脉冲上升时间为 2 0ns,脉宽为 30 μs的条件下 ,在2min内辐照大鼠 5次 ,对照组不做任何处理 ,辐照后于 1h、6h、12h、2 4h和 4 8h活杀动物 ,左侧肾上腺常规光镜制片 ,右侧肾上腺 4 %戊二醛及 1%锇酸双固定 ,Epon812包埋。LKB - 1180 0 (Pyramitome)半薄切片 ,定位后 ,LKB -Ⅴ型超薄切片机切片 ,乙酸铀和柠檬酸铅双染色 ,PHILIPS -CM12 0电镜下观察、拍片。结果 :辐射组大鼠肾上腺皮髓质细胞超微结构在 1h后即出现变化 ,且逐渐加重 ,包括皮质细胞内脂质颗粒及髓质细胞内的内分泌颗粒排空明显 ;细胞水肿 ,线粒体肿胀、空化、髓样体形成 ;内质网扩张 ;皮质细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞核异染色质边集 ,早期细胞凋亡表现 ;毛细血管内皮细胞线粒体的明显空化。结论 :EMP可引起大鼠肾上腺皮髓质细胞及毛细血管内皮细胞的损伤 ,并可诱导其凋亡的发生。细胞膜系统的损伤及应激反应可能参与了其超微结构损伤过程     

Cytotoxic factors of neutrophils in rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced sarcoma

A study of intraleukocyte cytotoxic system and phagocytic function of granulocytes was carried out in rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced sarcoma. There were no distinctive alterations of microbicidal factors of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) at the initial stage of the tumour growth. The inhibition of some antibiotic neutrophil factors at later stages of the tumour growth in rats was compensated by preferential activity of others. The essential impairments of both the oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanism of cytotoxicity of PMN at the terminal stage of sarcoma growth were detected. At the same time the phagocytic activity of neutrophils was depressed.     

用光谱法研究光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚对肿瘤细胞光动力作用的分子机制

测定了光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa光敏作用后的傅里叶红外光谱。结果显示:光敏作用后,HeLa细胞磷酸二酯基团的对称伸缩振动峰1085cm^-1和不对称伸缩振动峰1246cm^-1蓝移,强度下降:蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带1656cm^-1发生蓝移,酰胺Ⅱ带1546cm^-1出现红移;CH₂对称伸缩振动峰2858cm^-1,峰位蓝移2cm^-1,峰值明显减弱:细胞的蛋白质和核酸谱峰面积比值D1085/D1546降低。提示细胞中的DNA、蛋白质和磷脂结构受到损伤。结果表明:DNA、蛋白质和磷脂是血卟啉单甲醚光敏作用的主要靶分子。     

Gallium arsenide and (alga)as devices prepared by Liquid-Phase epitaxy (Review Article)

Gallium arsenide and (AlGa)As devices and their preparative techniques based on liquid-phase epitaxy are reviewed. Included are discussions of dopants, growth apparatus and structures used in light emission, electron emission, photodetection, and microwave systems.     

Mechanisms of nanooxidation of Si(100) from atomic force microscopy

The machining characteristics of the nanolithographic process were studied using atomic force microscopy. Nano-oxidation experiments were conducted to investigate the influence that the different experimental parameters had on height, width and the growth rate of the nanowires and nanodots as well as upon the machining efficiency. The experimental parameters included; the applied voltage, humidity, scanning oxidization time, crystalline orientation and the shape of the probe tip. The results indicated that as the oxidization time and the applied voltage were increased, the nanowire's height and width also increased. `Also, a nanowire with increased height was produced when the humidity was higher. Finally as the probe tip began to wear and the tip's radius increased, a nanowire with a higher height and width was produced.     

Surface Morphology and Defect Formation Mechanisms for HgCdTe (211)B Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

The surface morphology and crystallinity of HgCdTe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on both CdZnTe and CdTe/Si (211)B substrates were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Crosshatch patterns and sandy-beach-like morphologies were commonly found on MBE (211) HgCdTe epilayers grown on both CdZnTe and CdTe/Si substrates. The patterns were oriented along the , , and directions, which were associated with the intersection between the (211) growth plane and each of the eight equivalent HgCdTe slip planes. This was caused by strain-driven operation of slip in these systems with relative large Schmid factor, and was accompanied by dislocation formation as well as surface strain relief. Surface crater defects were associated with relatively high growth temperature and/or low Hg flux, whereas microtwins were associated with relatively low growth temperature and/or high Hg flux. AFM and electron microscopy were used to reveal the formation mechanisms of these defects. HgCdTe/HgCdTe superlattices with layer composition differences of less than 2% were grown by MBE on CdZnTe substrates in order to clarify the formation mechanisms of void defects. The micrographs directly revealed the spiral nature of growth, hence demonstrating that the formation of void defects could be associated with the Burton, Cabrera, and Frank (BCF) growth mode. Void defects, including microvoids and craters, were caused by screw defect clusters, which could be triggered by Te precipitates, impurities, dust, other contamination or flakes. Needle defects originated from screw defect clusters linearly aligned along the directions with opposite Burgers vector directions. They were visible in HgCdTe epilayers grown on interfacial superlattices. Hillocks were generated owing to twin growth of void or needle defects on (111) planes due to low growth temperature and the corresponding insufficient Hg movement on the growth surface. Therefore, in addition to nucleation and growth of HgCdTe in the normal two-dimensional layer growth mode, the BCF growth mode played an important role and should be taken into account during investigation of HgCdTe MBE growth mechanisms.     

Possible Mechanisms for the Biomolecular Absorption of Microwave Radiation with Functional Implications (Letters)

A theoretical analysis of several possible modes of molecular absorption of microwave radiation suggests that interference with some stereospecific biomolecular processes may result from microwave irradiation.     

降落伞试验中假人姿态对过载测量影响的研究

降落伞空投试验中假人姿态不易控制,随机性较大,从而使假人开伞过程中在各向分力的作用下产生复杂的翻滚运动,导致假人质心处安装的过载传感器测取的过载数据离散性较大。文中介绍了一种新的测试方案,并进行空投试验,对测取的包括假人角速度、假人三向分力和假人多点过载等多项数据进行综合对比分析,研究假人姿态变化对过载测量的影响特性。     

Change in the activity of tumor cell antigens as affected by treatment of the cells with the metabolic products of Bac. mesentericus AB-56

Tumour cells (ascitic A/Sn mouse lymphosarcoma ON-2), treated by the Bac. mesentericus AB-56 metabolism products used for the production of antitumour autovaccines were analyzed for their antigenic properties. The reactions of precipitation in gel, zonal and oncoming immunoelectrophoresis, passive hemagglutination as well as cytotoxic, absorption and transplantation tests were used. A considerable number of soluble and insoluble antigens inherent in intact tumour cells were inactivated by the products of microbial metabolism in the process of antitumour vaccine production, and modified antigens which induce synthesis of humoral antibodies in the syngenic system appeared.     

Mechanisms of the increase of the Cd(II) 441.6 nm laser power by the addition of iodine in a positive column He-Cd+laser

The population densities of the He(I)2^{3}Sand2^{3}Plevels and the Cd(II) ground level were experimentally determined with the modified absorption method in a positive column He-Cd laser discharge with little iodine. The population densities of the upper and lower laser levels of the Cd(II) 441.6 nm line were also obtained with the modified absorption method and the gain measurement. From these results, the mechanism of the increase in the Cd(II) 441.6 nm laser power with the addition of iodine was made clear.     

C_(60)作激子阻挡层的有机发光二极管

制备了结构为ITO/CuPc(25nm)/NPB(40nm)/Alq3(xnm)/C60(ynm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)的有机发光二极管(OLEDs),研究了C60插入层对器件性能的影响。结果表明,在无C60的器件中,当Alq3层较厚时,器件的电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线右移,不利于获得高功率效率;当Alq3层较薄时,又会导致激子在LiF/Al阴极的严重淬灭。实验优化得出,在无C60的器件中,Alq3厚为45nm的器件可获得最高的功率效率。在Alq3与LiF之间插入15nmC60层后,对器件的J-V曲线几乎没有影响,但C60层阻挡了激子向阴极扩散,减少了淬灭。当在Alq3厚度为45nm的器件的Alq3和LiF间插入15nmC60层后,可使器件获得更高的功率效率,尤其是插入15nmC并将Alq厚度降至30nm,获得了最大的功率效率。