The triglyceride composition ofbutea monosperma seed oil

Fatty acid and triglyceride composition ofButea monosperma seed oil have been determined by a combination of the techniques of systematic crystallization at low temperature, pancreatic lipase hydrolysis, and gas chromatography. The percentages of individual fatty acids are: myristic 0.2, palmitic 19.3, stearic 7.4, arachidic 1.8, behenic 14.0, lignoceric 6.2, oleic 21.8, linoleic 27.8, and linolenic 1.7.B.monosperma seed oil is constituted of SSS 3.8, SSU 3.9, SUS 40.9, USU 0.9, SUU 40.4 and UUU 10.1%. Chief component glycerides are PLL 5.8, PLB 5.2, POL 4.8, POB 4.2, PLP 4.0, PLO 3.8, BLL 3.6, POP 3.3, PLST 3.2, and POO 3.0%.B. monosperma seed oil, on segregation by low temperature crystallization yielded two major fractions, each representing 30% of the total. One of them is richer in the content of SSS and SUS while the other is richer in UUU and SUU. Compositions of these fractions suggest the possibility of utilization of one as an ointment base and the other as a solvent for drugs.     

Determination of iodine value of palm oil based on triglyceride composition

The triglyceride (TG) composition of palm oil is normally determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC chromatograms indicated a good separation of most of the TG components in the oil. The TG can be classified based on either the TG groups, i.e., triunsaturated, monosaturated, disaturated, or trisaturated, or the number of double bonds, i.e., zero, one, two, three, or four double bonds. The more unsaturated the fatty acid, the greater the iodine value (IV). Therefore, it is hypothesized that the IV of an oil can be determined based upon the TG composition of the oil. Based on the TG groups, stepwise regression analysis showed that the areas of the disaturated, trisaturated, and triunsaturated TG peaks could predict the IV with a coefficient of determination (R ²) of 0.990. The regression based on the number of double bonds yielded a good regression equation with R ²=0.992. The important variables were the peak area of the fatty acids that contained zero, one, two, and three double bonds. This study concludes that the TG composition can be used to predict the IV of palm oil. The best prediction model is obtained by using the number of double bonds in the TG as the independent variable.     

Some relationships between fat acid composition and the iodine number of linseed oil

Summary RESULTS of analysis of 148 linseed oil samples are summarized. When the constituent fat acid glycerides are plotted against the iodine number the points fall close to a straight line in the cases of saturated acids, oleic acid and linolenic acid. In the case of linoleic acid, however, the points were so dispersed that no significant relationship to the iodine number was apparent. Correlation coefficients between iodine number and the fat acids were: Linolenic, +.97: oleic, −.94; saturated, −.80; and linoleic. −.27. It is possible to estimate within limits the amount of linolenic, oleic and saturated acids in linseed oil by applying equations where the iodine number is the only variable. In the case of linoleic acid, however, the standard deviation along the regression line is almost equal to the standard deviation from the mean. Real differences in composition which are independent of the iodine number exist, however, because the dispersion of the points along the regression lines is greater than would result from errors of precision in the analyses. Presented before the meeting of the American Chemical Society at Cleveland, Ohio, April, 1944. Published by permission of the Director, N. Dak. Agr. Expt. Station. This work was carried out under Purnell project 95, “The Chemistry of Flaxseed”.     

Dilution polymerization of linseed oil

Summary An inert diluent, molecularly distilled mineral oil, when present in 90% concentration, permitted, in linseed oil, the polymerization of acyl groups in the absence of inter-glyceride reaction. Comparison of the data for the polymerization of linseed oil in 10, 20, and 100% concentrations showed a marked concentration dependence for the following: polymerization of acyl groups and glyceride molecules; change in specific refraction and the ratio of percentages by weight polymeric acyl groups to polymeric glyceride molecules. N.R.C. No. 3322. Part of this paper was presented at the Protective Coatings Section, Chemical Institute of Canada, Montreal, June, 1952.     

Stand reaction of linseed oil

Several theories have been proposed concerning the stand oil reaction but no precise reaction scheme has been described. In this work, the stand reaction of linseed oil was characterized in order to determine the nature of the products formed during this reaction. Using complementary analytical techniques (more especially NMR and mass spectrometry), the existence of two different reactions was demonstrated: the Diels–Alder addition between fatty acid chains and the addition of a methylene radical on double bonds, followed by combination or elimination reactions.     

过氧化氢一步法制备环氧亚麻油工艺

报道了亚麻油在以石油醚为溶剂、磷酸为催化剂的条件下,经甲酸、双氧水环氧化,一步合成增塑剂——环氧亚麻油的一种新方法。该法反应条件温和,操作方法简单,反应时间较短,而且产物各项指标均可达到增塑剂标准：环氧值＞7.8,碘值＜10,酸值＜0.5。     

亚麻籽油在化妆品中的应用

简要介绍了亚麻籽油的来源、特性与传统应用,着重介绍了亚麻籽油在化妆品中的应用.亚麻籽油作为一种特殊天然功能油脂,在各种保湿护肤护发化妆品中用作营养和保湿剂.作为Omega -3系必需脂肪酸补充剂,不仅应用于具有特殊疗效的肤用化妆品中缓解或治疗皮肤问题,还应用于发用化妆品中发挥促进生发的功效.最后对亚麻籽油如何更好地应用于我国化妆品行业进行了展望.     

The triglyceride composition ofMoringa concanensis seed fat

Moringa concanensis seed fat and its randomized product have been subjected to pancreatic hydrolysis. Glyceride compositions have been calculated from the original fatty acid composition and those of the monoglycerides produced by hydrolysis. The per cent GS₃ content of the interesterified product has also been determined by the combined techniques of thin layer chromatography on silver nitrate impregnated silica gel and colorimetry.     

Styrenation of castor oil and linseed oil by macromer method

In this study a novel macromer technique has been described for the styrenation of triglyceride oils. Macromers were prepared through the interesterification of castor oil with linseed oil followed by esterification with acrylic acid. In this preparation various castor oil/linseed oil ratios were applied to obtain a macromer which gave a copolymer with good film properties after copolymerization with styrene. Macromers were styrenated at 100°C using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The styrenation leads to improved film properties with the related interesterification product although castor oil is a non‐drying oil.     

Production of linolenic acid from linseed oil

Linolenic acid of more than 95% purity was produced by liquid-liquid extraction of linseed oil fatty acids with wet furfural and hexane in a Podbielniak centrifugal extractor. The minimum ratio of furfural to linseed acids to obtain this purity was 10 to 1. There was no significant change in product purity for solvent ratios between 10 and 15, operating temperatures from 90° to 110°F., and furfural moisture contents between 1.0 and 2.8%. When the solvent ratio is reduced to 8 or the furfural moisture to 0.2%, purity decreases. Oxidation of linseed acids before extraction also results in decreased separation. An estimate based on pilotplant data indicates a “cost to make” (excluding administrative and selling expenses, profit, income taxes, and interest on investment) of 18.0 cents per pound of 97% linolenic acid for a process which includes hydrolyzing linseed oil, separating the fatty acids by liquid-liquid extraction, recovering solvents by distillation, and distilling the fatty acid products. Potential uses for linolenic acid are reviewed.     

Studies on zinc-containing linseed oil based polyesteramide

For the first time the synthesis of zinc containing linseed oil based polyesteramide resins (Zn-LPEA-1 to Zn-LPERA-5) with different loadings of zinc acetate were carried out by in situ condensation polymerization reaction between linseed oil derived linseed fattyamide diol (HELA), phthalic anhydride and zinc acetate (divalent metal salt, different mole ratios) in the absence of any solvent. By-products such as water and acetic acid were removed by the application of vacuum technique. This approach was employed to overcome the use of volatile organic solvents [VOCs] during processing and application of the resin, that are ecologically harmful. The structure of the resin was confirmed by FT IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectral studies. Physico-chemical properties were studied by standard methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the thermal behaviour of the resin. The antibacterial studies of Zn-LPEA resins were carried out by agar diffusion method. Antibacterial activities of Zn-LPEA were compared with reported virgin linseed polyesteramide (LPEA) and zinc incorporated petroleum based polymers.     

Cyclic fatty acid yields from linseed oil

Increased yields of saturated cyclic fatty acids which are fluid at −50C have been obtained from linseed oil. Depending on reaction conditions, yields varied from 20–42 g of cyclic acids per 100 g of linseed oil. Solvent ratios of 6, 3, and 1.5∶1; catalyst concentrations of 10, 30, 60, and 100%; and reaction temps of 225, 275, 295, and 325C were evaluated. Ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol were compared as reaction solvents. In general, high solvent ratios favored high cyclic acid yields at the lower reaction temperature, but as the temperature increased the effect of solvent ratio decreased. Increasing the percentage excess of sodium hydroxide increased the cyclic acid yield. Diethylene glycol gave higher yields than ethylene glycol at comparable conditions. Presented at the AOCS meeting in Chicago, Ill., October, 1961. A laboratory of the No. Utiliz. Res. & Dev. Div., ARS, U.S.D.A.     

Synthesis and photopolymerization of norbornyl epoxidized linseed oil

Norbornyl epoxidized linseed oil was synthesized via Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with linseed oil at high pressure (∼200 psi) and high temperature (240 °C), followed by an epoxidation using hydrogen peroxide with a quaternary ammonium tetrakis(diperoxotungsto) phosphate(3−) epoxidation catalyst. The products were characterized using ¹H and ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. Photo-induced curing kinetics of norbornyl epoxidized linseed oil coatings was investigated using real-time FT-IR spectroscopy with a fiber optic UV-curing system. The norbornyl epoxidized linseed oil was formulated with three different divinyl ether reactive diluent. The effect of divinyl ether concentration and types of divinyl ether on the curing reaction was investigated. It was found that the curing rate of norbornyl epoxidized linseed oil was lower than that of cycloaliphatic epoxide, but higher than epoxidized linseed oil. The incorporation of divinyl ethers increased the curing rate and overall conversion of the epoxide groups. Of the three divinyl ethers used, coating with triethyleneglycol divinyl ether showed the highest curing rate and coating with cyclohexane dimethanol divinyl ether showed the lowest curing rate.     

季戊四醇改性亚麻油的流变学性能

为拓展亚麻油的应用范围,深入了解其理化性能,以磷酸三丁酯为催化剂,用季戊四醇改性亚麻油,采用AR500流变仪研究了该改性油的流变性。结果表明,在较低的剪切速率范围内表现出明显的剪切稀化的非牛顿流体特性,随着季戊四醇添加量的增加,剪切稀化的速率增大;在较高的剪切速率范围内,流体粘度变化不大,表现为牛顿流体;粘度与剪切速率的关系符合cross模型。粘度随温度升高而降低,随季戊四醇添加量增大升高,当温度低于75℃时,粘度温度关系较好,符合Arrhenius公式。     

Polymerization of linseed oil in an electric discharge

Summary The treatment of linseed oil by the action of electric discharges (voltolization) in a hydrogen atmosphere (80 mm. Hg, 70°C.) is described. It has been known for a long time that voltolization of linseed oil brings about a polymerization of the oil. Now it has been proven that the nature of the polymerization product thus obtained is absolutely different from that of thermally or catalytically polymerized linseed oils. In contrast to the latter, voltolized linseed oils contain only small amounts of cyclic compounds. Their viscosity is relatively low, even at a high polymerization degree, and considerably less than that of thermally polymerized oils of a corresponding degree of polymerization. Atomic hydrogen seems to play an important part in the voltolization process. Coupling of fatty acid chains is made possible by combining radicals, formed primarily by the action of hydrogen atoms. Coupling reaction occurs almost exclusively intermolecularly. The possibility of transforming linseed oil and other drying oils into polymerization products of a completely different chemical structure, depending on the applied polymerization process, opens new possibilities for their manufacture. Compare T. Hoekstra, Thesis, Delft 1958 (in Dutch).