超声协同PDMS膜渗透汽化分离吡啶和水

对自制聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜渗透汽化分离低浓度吡啶-水体系的性能进行了研究.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对膜的形貌及化学组成进行了分析和表征,测定了PDMS膜在吡啶-水溶液中的溶胀行为.分别考察了膜厚度、操作温度、下游侧压强、进料浓度以及超声对PDMS膜渗透蒸发分离性能影响.结果表明,随着操作温...     

评估混合气在PDMS膜中渗透性能的操作模型

An operational model is developed to evaluate and predict the permeation performance of mixed gas through poly（dimethylsiloxane） （PDMS） membranes by combining the ideal gas permeation model with the experimental analysis of the mixed gas transport character. This model is tested using the binary and ternary mixed gas with various compositions through the PDMS membranes, and the predicted data of the permeation flux and the compositions of the permeated gas are in good agreement with the experimental ones, which indicates that the operational model is applicable for the evaluation of the permeation performance of mixed gas through PDMS membranes.     

填充法改性PDMS膜及其对乙酸/水的渗透汽化分离性能

用CTAB-蒙脱石填充改性PDMS膜,运用XRD, SEM等手段表征了不同填充量的复合膜结构,证明有机柱撑蒙脱石与聚合物形成插层型复合物后,膜的热稳定性明显改善. 研究了填充膜对乙酸/水体系的渗透汽化分离性能,结果表明,随着温度的升高,渗透通量增大而分离因子降低,通量随填充量增加单调上升,分离因子随填充量增加先增大后降低,填充量为7.4(%, w)时达到最大值. 从膜的结构及其与组分的相互作用对填充膜中蒙脱石可能存在的渗透通道作用进行了探讨.     

新型PDMS渗透蒸发膜处理含酚废水的研究

以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为原料,甲苯为溶剂,甲基三乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,二丁基二月桂酸锡为催化剂,制得PDMS渗透蒸发膜,以分离因子、渗透通量作为膜分离性能的主要评价指标,研究了交联剂用量及操作条件对膜性能的影响.结果表明,交联剂用量增加,膜对苯酚的选择性增加,渗透通量先上升后下降;料液温度升高,膜的选择性降低,而渗透通量增加;料液浓度增加,膜的选择系数和渗透通量均增加;料液流速加快,膜的渗透通量和选择系数均增加;下游侧压力升高,渗透通量减小,而选择系数增加.在料液温度为60℃、质量浓度为0.5 g·L~(-1)、体积流量为0.6L·min~(-1),下游侧压力为6kPa时,膜的渗透通量为98mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),膜对苯酚的选择系数为5.12.     

聚环糊精填充PDMS渗透蒸发膜分离苯酚水溶液

以聚二甲基硅烷为预聚体,正硅酸乙酯为交联剂,二丁基二月桂酸锡为催化剂,三氯甲烷或正庚烷为溶剂,通过相转化法制备得到了空白聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）膜和聚环糊精（CDP）填充PDMS（CDP-f-PDMS）膜.考察了空白PDMS膜和CDP-f-PDMS膜对苯酚水溶液的渗透蒸发分离性能,证明填充膜优于空白膜.还分别考察了溶剂类型、填充剂用量等制膜因素和操作温度、原料液流量、原料液浓度等操作因素对PDMS膜的渗透蒸发分离性能的影响.当温度为60℃,CDP填充量为1%（质量）时,CDP-f-PDMS膜的渗透通量和分离因子分别可达32.0 g•m-²•h^-1和7.2.     

碳纳米管填充聚氨酯膜的制备及渗透汽化性能研究

渗透汽化膜分离技术在苯酚/水领域引起广泛关注。文章对端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)基的聚氨酯膜进行填充改性并研究其对苯酚/水体系的渗透汽化性能。利用物理和化学方法将β-环糊精(β-CD)接枝到羟基碳纳米管(MWNTs-OH)上,制备两种碳纳米管,并对改性后的碳纳米管进行元素分析。将改性后的两种碳纳米管填充到聚氨酯中。研究发现,物理改性羟基化碳纳米管的渗透通量最大,80℃达175.56 kg·μm·m-2·h-1,但是分离因子为2.8;化学改性的羟基化碳纳米管的分离性能较优,80℃下膜的分离因子为3.6,渗透通量为101.73 kg·μm·m-2·h-1。     

聚二甲基硅氧烷渗透汽化膜改性技术研究进展

聚二甲基硅氧烷膜改性是渗透汽化领域研究的一个热点问题.综述了共聚、填充、交联、共混和表面改性等聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)渗透汽化膜改性方法及其研究进展,并且展望了渗透汽化膜的研究方向.     

有机硅烷改性PDMS/Silicalite渗透汽化杂化膜制备及其分离性能

采用硅烷偶联剂对全硅沸石Silicalite-1进行表面改性,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基体,制备了渗透汽化PDMS/Silicalite杂化膜. 用FT-IR, TGA等对改性的效果和杂化膜的热稳定性能进行了表征,并以低浓度乙醇/水体系为研究对象,以渗透通量和分离因子为评价指标,考察了料液组成、进料温度、循环流速、膜下游侧真空度等因素对改性杂化膜分离性能的影响. 结果表明,硅烷改性沸石所制杂化膜对低浓度乙醇/水体系的分离因子比空白膜和未改性杂化膜分别提高136%和45%. 随料液中乙醇浓度从5%增加到69%,膜分离因子从22降低到7,而其他因素对膜的选择性影响较小.     

PDMS渗透汽化膜分离水中有机物的研究进展

渗透汽化(PV)膜分离技术是一种新型膜分离技术,适用于分离恒沸点混合物、近沸点溶液、热敏感性混合物、有机-有机混合物以及水溶液中少量有机物。PV分离水溶液中有机物的工业应用还处于初步阶段,文中从硅橡胶渗透汽化优先透有机物膜的制备条件、工艺应用参数及膜寿命等方面进行综述。膜生产放大和膜寿命是影响该技术推广的重要因素,可以从膜制备和应用工艺方面进行改进。     

蒙脱石填充改性PDMS膜对稀溶液中苯的渗透分离性能

研究了CTAB柱撑改性蒙脱石填充聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜对稀溶液中苯的渗透分离性能,考察了操作温度、有机蒙脱石填充量及料液中苯浓度对填充膜分离性能的影响. 结果表明,蒙脱石的填充不但能增强膜的机械性能,而且能明显改善膜的分离性能,随着蒙脱石填充量的增加,渗透通量增大,而分离因子先增大后减小;随着操作温度的提高,渗透通量明显增大,分离因子却减小;当料液中苯浓度增大时,苯通量增大,水通量保持不变,而分离因子减小. 用填充量为9.09%的填充膜对苯浓度为1000 kg/kg的料液进行渗透汽化实验,得到膜的渗透通量为115 g/(m2×h),分离因子达到798,比纯PDMS膜通量增大了12%,分离因子增大了32%.     

功能化碳纳米管/聚合物复合分离膜

碳纳米管不仅具有优异的力学性质和超大的比表面积,同时具有优良的传输特性,将其添加到聚合物中制备复合分离膜,具有广阔的应用前景。通过化学改性将碳纳米管功能化,提高其在聚合物中的分散性,制备碳纳米管/聚合物复合膜。本文在介绍了碳纳米管功能化、碳纳米管/聚合物复合膜制备方法的基础上,综述了功能化碳纳米管的加入对复合分离膜亲水性、水通量、机械稳定性以及分离等性能的影响。总结了近年来对碳纳米管在聚合物膜内定向排列的研究进展及碳纳米管定向对复合膜相关性能的影响。由于碳纳米管材料的各向异性,利用电场、磁场及流场等对碳纳米管在聚合物膜内的分布进行定向,从而充分利用其优异的性能,是该类复合膜的研究方向。     

白炭黑填充PDMS/PVDF复合膜的纳滤分离性能及传质特性

将纳米级白炭黑填充于PDMS制备了白炭黑填充PDMS/PVDF复合膜,采用红外(FT-IR)、热失重(TGA)和接触角(CA)等方法对填充复合膜进行了分析和表征,并采用纳滤的方法系统研究了复合膜对大豆油/己烷混合油的分离性能。结果表明,白炭黑填充能有效促进PDMS的交联,提高PDMS的疏水性、热失重温度以及对溶剂的稳定性;白炭黑填充量增加使复合膜渗透通量降低,但截留率从96%提高到98%;随溶液浓度增加,渗透通量和截留率同时降低;随温度的升高,渗透通量上升,截留率降低。大豆油和己烷在膜中的传质特性可用不完全的溶解-扩散模型描述,溶液渗透压实验值与计算值符合较好。     

Pervaporation properties of humic acid–added membranes

The saving and recycling of chemical substances, which may be hazardous to human health and ecosystems, constitute a desirable goal worldwide. It is important to use a natural polymer that has a highly specific function and an environmental friendliness. In this study, humic acid was added to a natural polymer, a pectin membrane, and a hydrophobic poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) (PMSP) membrane to enhance the affinity for phenol or aniline. Also, the separation performance, based on the membrane materials and methods of addition, was investigated. The effect of the adsorption of phenol and aniline by humic acid was investigated. A high rate of aniline adsorption was observed. The interaction of the humic acids and the aniline was mainly observed by polar bonding. For the PMSP membrane with humic acid added to the surface, the humic acid exists in a colloidal state. During pervaporation, the permeation of water was prevented by the adsorbed solute. Because the permeability of aniline increased and the permeability of water significantly decreased, the PMSP membrane with humic acid added to the surface had a high permeate aniline concentration, and the permselectivity was improved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 461–468, 2004     

Pervaporation separation of ethanol/water mixture using modified zeolite filled PDMS membranes

In this article, the composite polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes supported by cellulose acetate (CA) microfiltration membrane were successfully prepared by adding modified zeolite particles with a silane coupling agent, NH₃–C₃H₆–Si(OC₂H₅)₃. The sorption and diffusion behaviors of ethanol and water in the films were studied. The results showed that with the increase in the modified zeolite content, the solubility selectivity increased, but the diffusion selectivity first increased, then decreased. The effects of modified zeolite content and feed temperature on the pervaporation performance of the composite membranes in 10 wt % ethanol/water mixture were also investigated. When modified zeolite loading was 20 wt %, for 10 wt % ethanol/water mixture at 40°C, the permeate flux was 348.7 g·m^?2·h^?1, the separation factor was 14.1, and the permeate separate index was 4568, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41897.     

Pervaporation of High Boiling Point Organic Compounds with Composite PDMS Membrane

High Boiling Point Organic Compounds (HBOCs ^{1 1}HBOCs: High Boiling Point Organic Compounds ) are defined as those organic compounds with boiling point over water (100°C). It is a challenging problem to separate HBOCs from their mixtures with water. Three HBOCs, propargyl alcohol, butanol, and pyridine, were selected as the experimental samples for observing their separation behaviors from water mixtures by PDMS membrane pervaporation. These HBOCs could preferentially permeate the PDMS membrane and were selectively extracted from the mixtures through the membrane. The experimental tests showed that the permeation flux of propargyl alcohol, butanol, and pyridine was 243.24, 976.5, and 904.70 gm^?2h^?1, with the corresponding selectivity of 3.78, 29.65, and 26.09, respectively. The effects of the feed flow rate, feed concentration, and temperature on the separation behaviors were examined. By comparison with distillation that separates different components in a mixture on the basis of boiling point, the membrane pervaporation seems to behave a “reverse direction” selective separation for the HBOCs. For those aqueous mixtures with tiny content of HBOCs, the “reverse selective separation” by membrane pervaporation should be considered as a promising and effective technology.     

乙醇/水及乙酸/水体系的渗透汽化分离

以乙醇/水及乙酸/水体系为研究对象,研究了渗透汽化过程中料液浓度、温度因素对分离效果的影响;结合乙醇、乙酸对聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜的溶胀特性差别,分析并讨论了两者在渗透汽化过程中可能的分离机理. 研究表明,PDMS膜能够优先透醇,但乙酸分子的缔合物以及羧基与疏水PDMS膜高分子链的强相互作用降低了其在膜中的扩散速率,使低温时乙酸/水体系优先透水,只有当温度在60℃以上时才表现出优先透酸,且分离效果较差.     

无机盐对聚二甲基硅氧烷/陶瓷复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响

将渗透汽化应用于醇/水体系的分离,具有诸多显著的优势。然而,目前的研究大都基于二元体系,而实际的应用体系是多元的,还包含少量无机盐和糖类等,它们的存在对膜的性能具有一定的影响。本文研究了NaCl、KCl和MgCl2 3种无机盐的加入对聚二甲基硅氧烷 （PDMS）/陶瓷复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响。结果表明,在313 K,无机盐的加入使复合膜的分离因子和通量均有所提高。其中二价盐MgCl2对渗透汽化性能的影响最为显著,分离因子最大提高到醇/水体系的2.8倍。而一价盐NaCl和KCl的加入,使分离因子分别提高为醇/水体系的2.5倍和2.4倍。同时借助于Setschenow扩展方程计算了乙醇活度,对实验结果进行了初步的解释。     

Preparation and characterization of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyamide composite nanofiltration membranes with improved performance

Polyamide thin‐film composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared via the interfacial polymerization (IP) process of piperazine and 1,3,5‐trimesoyl chloride on the polysulfone/nonwoven fabric ultrafiltration membrane surface. Carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWNTs) were incorporated into the aqueous phase during the IP process to improve the membrane performance. The composition and morphology of the membrane surface were examined by means of attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy. The effects of the cMWNTs content on the membrane hydrophilicity, separation performance, and antifouling properties were characterized through water contact angle and crossflow filtration measurements. The experimental results show that membrane surface hydrophilicity, water permeability, salt rejection (R ), and antifouling properties all improved. In particular, when the cMWNTs content was 50 ppm, the magnesium sulfate R of the composite NF membrane reached a maximum value of 98.5%; meanwhile, the membrane obtained an obviously enhanced water flux (62.1 L m^?2 h^?1 at 0.7 MPa), which was two times larger than that of the original NF membrane. The modified NF membranes showed enhanced antifouling properties; this was mainly attributed to changes in the microstructures and surface features of the polyamide layer after the addition of the cMWNTs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45268.     

模拟的发酵液组分对聚二甲基硅氧烷/陶瓷复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响

对所制备的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）/陶瓷复合膜进行了渗透汽化性能表征。通过在乙醇-水混合体系中添加不同的模拟发酵液组分;如葡萄糖（多羟基醛）、甘油（多元醇）、丁二酸（有机酸）、KCl（无机盐）;考察了各组分对复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响。研究发现：在333 K下;在乙醇浓度为65 g·L-1的混合物中添加不同浓度的第三组分;有机添加物对膜的渗透汽化性能没有明显影响;而无机盐的加入使膜的分离因子稍有提高。所制备的PDMS/陶瓷复合膜;在上述渗透汽化过程中表现出良好的稳定性和对乙醇的优先选择性;渗透通量和分离因子（醇/水）分别在4.5～4.7 kg·m^-2·h^-1、8.3～10.3之间。