基于CSM模型的TBM滚刀受力预测公式

研究盘型滚刀的受力模型可以使滚刀受力计算更精确,进而为刀盘的受力分析及刀具在刀盘上的布局提供理论依据。通过对原有CSM受力模型分析的基础上,基于盘形滚刀切割岩石实际情况提出了改进的CSM模型。对滚刀刀圈采用NX Nastran软件有限元分析计算校核其强度。通过与实验数据及与原CSM模型对比验证了其优越性,并与国内外现有的其他受力模型进行了对比,验证了文中提出的滚刀侧向力公式。研究结果为TBM盘形滚刀的设计、研究滚刀磨损及整个刀盘的受力提供了理论依据。     

硬岩TBM滚刀安装方式设计分析

全断面硬岩掘进机（TBM）主要依靠安装在刀盘上的盘形滚刀对开挖面的岩层进行滚压破碎,在TBM施工过程中,滚刀极易磨损、更换空间狭小,换刀操作困难.文中就现有施工过程中所用的滚刀安装方式进行分析对比,设计一种新型的滚刀安装方式,以满足在TBM施工中能够快速、方便地更换滚刀的要求,提高了TBM整机施工效率.     

硬岩地层盾构掘进滚刀磨损机制与预测方法研究

硬岩地层采用盾构法全断面掘进时,常出现刀具严重磨损、偏磨、刀箱破裂、崩刃等工程问题,导致工期延长、增加维护成本。因此,探索刀具磨损机制和科学控制,对于保证连续长距离的安全施工具有重要意义。通过分析刀具在岩层中掘进的磨损情况,基于磨损摩擦学的原理,提出刀具磨损包括疲劳磨损、磨粒磨损及粘着磨损三机制共同作用的原理。以徐州市某地铁线路盾构区间段工程数据为样本,对比分析了采用本方法得到的刀具磨损值、长短时记忆算法（LSTM）的机器学习预测值,以及实际磨损值的对应关系,提出了减小刀具磨损和延长刀箱寿命的施工控制措施。结果表明,本方法与传统方法相比,极大地提升了刀具磨损预测的精度,减小开仓时间,提升了掘进效率。     

硬岩掘进机盘型滚刀回转破岩仿真研究

硬岩掘进机上盘形滚刀在实际破岩过程中既随刀盘公转,又绕自身轴线自转,是一个复杂的运动过程。滚刀在破岩过程中受到的作用力的计算是进行刀盘设计和推进系统设计的重要依据。针对硬岩掘进机盘型滚刀破岩过程分析和计算的复杂性,应用ABAQUS软件中多体动力学原理建立滚刀组合回转破岩的有限元模型,模型中采用无限元网格施加无反射边界条件,消除模型大小对仿真结果的影响。通过分析计算滚刀破岩中所受的作用力,研究了滚刀回转破岩的刀间距及相位差。仿真结果表明,对于所选用的岩石类型,其最优刀间距为60mm,此时滚刀受到的滚动力最小,破岩质量最大,破岩比能最小;相邻滚刀的最佳相位差为120°,破岩质量最大,比能最小。研究为硬岩掘进机上刀盘刀具的布局研究奠定了基础。     

新型TBM螺旋槽滚刀破岩性能及接触行为研究

全断面隧道掘进机(TBM)是用于长大隧道建设的关键装备,在川藏铁路等国家重大战略工程中发挥着重要作用。但TBM在硬岩地层施工中仍然面临所需推力大、掘进速度慢、滚刀损耗严重等问题,亟待解决。尝试探索基于滚刀表面结构设计调控刀-岩接触的可行性,设计了一种新型螺旋槽盘形滚刀。使用直线切割破岩实验研究不同贯入度和岩石种类下新型滚刀的破岩性能,并利用颗粒流离散元数值仿真对其破岩机理进行阐释。结果表明,滚刀表面的螺旋槽设计可以显著地降低破岩时切削力,而对生成的岩石碎片总体积无明显影响,因此可以显著减小滚刀做功,降低破岩比能,提高破岩过程的能量利用效率。其机理在于螺旋槽有效地优化了岩石内应力分布,使得同一滚刀前后相邻的刃齿在沟槽下方岩石中形成拉应力区,该部分岩石未与滚刀直接接触形成岩石粉末,而是由拉裂纹互相贯通形成岩石碎片,即减少了岩石粉末数量、缓解了岩石过度破碎程度,最终达到了降低切削载荷和破岩能耗的效果。     

基于库仑-莫尔准则的盘形滚刀破岩力预测研究*

盘形滚刀破岩力是全断面掘进机设计的关键参数,为准确预测盘形滚刀破岩力,以被压岩石为研究对象,以岩石断裂力学为理论基础,综合考虑岩石、滚刀及施工工艺等参数,采用微元积分法,针对圆刃滚刀建立一种综合的滚刀破岩力预测模型。同时根据滚刀实际破岩过程应用库仑-莫尔破坏准则,提出二次派生推力的概念,推导出二次派生推力计算模型,修正滚刀破岩力预测模型使其符合实际情况。在此基础上,应用科罗拉多矿业学院数据对修正后里理论模型进行分析验证,并与线性切割模型和CSM理论模型对比,结果表明本文模型预测精度比已有模型要高。通过模型理论分析和设计三因素三水平正交试验分析得到岩石、滚刀及施工工艺等参数对滚刀破岩力的影响规律,这为全断面掘进机刀盘整体设计和实际施工提供一定的理论参考。     

基于AUTODYN-3D的全断面岩石掘进机盘形滚刀间距优化研究

数值模拟法不仅成本较低,而且能够较为精确地对破岩过程进行仿真.以岩石断裂力学为理论基础,深入分析了全断面岩石掘进机滚刀的破岩机理,采用三维数值模型AUTODYN-3D来模拟岩石破碎的过程,测试中采用了由推力和滚动力共同作用下的破碎机理,这与实际隧道掘进机滚刀的工作条件十分接近.对模型使用了不同的边界条件,针对花岗岩模型,精确地对滚刀破岩过程进行了模拟,并且以花岗岩为例探讨了盘形滚刀问距优化问题.结果表明,该数值模拟方法不仅有助于更好地理解滚刀的破岩机理,而且对确定盘形滚刀最优切割条件和实验测试提供了理论基础.     

液体黏性离合器在全断面硬岩掘进机刀盘驱动中的运用

针对全断面硬岩掘进机(Tunnel boring machine, TBM)掘进中刀盘被困的现象,设计出一种新型的TBM刀盘驱动技术,主要特征是：正常掘进工况下采用变频电动机驱动,当刀盘被困时,脱困装置和变频电动机共同驱动.脱困装置由定速电动机和液体黏性离合器组成,液体黏性离合器一方面可以比例控制电动机的扭矩输出,另一方面可以允许定速电动机的输出轴和离合器的输出轴之间存在滑差,防止刀盘未转动时定速电动机发生堵转。通过计算分析可知：新型刀盘驱动的脱困性能相对于现有的驱动方式具有明显的提升。新型刀盘驱动的关键技术是液体黏性离合器的控制,需要分析离合器的温升特性,并基于此提出离合器的扭矩控制线路。为了实现扭矩按预定控制路线变化,对离合器的扭矩传递机理开展初步研究。新型刀盘驱动系统的仿真结果表明,该系统比现有驱动系统在脱困性能方面有大幅度提升。     

基于多个隧道掘进机工程数据回归分析的滚刀磨损评价方法

为了评价不同隧道工程围岩对隧道掘进机(TBM)滚刀磨损的影响;解决滚刀磨耗难以准确预测的问题;基于北疆供水二期、吉林引松供水、陕西引汉济渭、大瑞铁路高黎贡山、深圳地铁10号线等多个隧道(洞)工程TMB滚刀磨损数据;选取岩石单轴抗压强度、岩石等效石英含量、岩石磨蚀性指标、岩体完整性指标、滚刀破岩体积磨损速率等参数进行数据回归分析。结果表明:岩石磨蚀性指标与单轴抗压强度和等效石英含量的乘积成对数函数关系;滚刀破岩体积磨损速率与岩体完整性系数和岩石磨蚀性指标的乘积成指数函数关系;滚刀刀圈寿命与岩体完整性系数和岩石磨蚀性指标的乘积成负指数函数关系。并并在此基础上;建立了岩石磨蚀性和滚刀磨损性的分级评价准则。     

盘形滚刀垂向-轴向动力学模型及振动特性分析

为研究滚刀振动特性,建立了滚刀垂向和轴向振动模型,求出了滚刀上三个节点在垂直和轴向的动力学参数值,得到了滚刀各节点振动的位移~时间曲线。研究发现,节点2即轴承的连接等效刚度增大一倍,各节点振动幅值降低约25%;当节点1即刀圈的等效质量与外载荷分别增大一倍,各节点振动幅值均增大一倍,因此要降低滚刀振幅需要增大圆锥滚子轴承刚度、减小刀圈质量(保证刀圈强度)、降低外载荷。     

全断面隧道掘进机刀具异常磨损的识别分析

针对全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）施工过程中刀具过度磨损或异常磨损的识别问题，在分析TBM掘进效率影响因素和进行掘进状况无监督模式识别的基础上，利用现场掘进数据，得到场切深指数fFRI和切割系数C在不同掘进状况下的相互影响规律，据此提出以两者作为TBM刀具异常磨损的二维特征识别参量，确定了此空间中的刀具异常磨损决策阈值。TBM刀具磨损的预测和异常磨损识别方法的确定，对于保障TBM的安全掘进以及提高其利用率和经济性具有重要意义。     

Design theory of full face rock tunnel boring machine transition cutter edge angle and its application

At present, the inner cutters of a full face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) and transition cutter edge angles are designed on the basis of indentation test or linear grooving test. The inner and outer edge angles of disc cutters are characterized as symmetric to each other with respect to the cutter edge plane. This design has some practical defects, such as severe eccentric wear and tipping, etc. In this paper, the current design theory of disc cutter edge angle is analyzed, and the characteristics of the rock-breaking movement of disc cutters are studied. The researching results show that the rotational motion of disc cutters with the cutterhead gives rise to the difference between the interactions of inner rock and outer rock with the contact area of disc cutters, with shearing and extrusion on the inner rock and attrition on the outer rock. The wear of disc cutters at the contact area is unbalanced, among which the wear in the largest normal stress area is most apparent. Therefore, a three-dimensional model theory of rock breaking and an edge angle design theory of transition disc cutter are proposed to overcome the flaws of the currently used TBM cutter heads, such as short life span, camber wearing, tipping. And a corresponding equation is established. With reference to a specific construction case, the edge angle of the transition disc cutter has been designed based on the theory. The application of TBM in some practical project proves that the theory has obvious advantages in enhancing disc cutter life, decreasing replacement frequency, and making economic benefits. The proposed research provides a theoretical basis for the design of TBM three-dimensional disc cutters whose rock-breaking operation time can be effectively increased.     

Wear Analysis of Disc Cutters of Full Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine

Wear is a major factor of disc cutters’ failure. No current theory offers a standard for the prediction of disc cutter wear yet. In the field the wear prediction method commonly used is based on the excavation length of tunnel boring machine（TBM） to predict the disc cutter wear and its wear law, considering the location number of each disc cutter on the cutterhead（radius for installation）; in theory, there is a prediction method of using arc wear coefficient. However, the preceding two methods have their own errors, with their accuracy being 40% or so and largely relying on the technicians’ experience. Therefore, radial wear coefficient, axial wear coefficient and trajectory wear coefficient are defined on the basis of the operating characteristics of TBM. With reference to the installation and characteristics of disc cutters, those coefficients are modified according to penetration, which gives rise to the presentation of comprehensive axial wear coefficient, comprehensive radial wear coefficient and comprehensive trajectory wear coefficient. Calculation and determination of wear coefficients are made with consideration of data from a segment of TBM project（excavation length 173 m）. The resulting wear coefficient values, after modification, are adopted to predict the disc cutter wear in the follow-up segment of the TBM project（excavation length of 5621 m）. The prediction results show that the disc cutter wear predicted with comprehensive radial wear coefficient and comprehensive trajectory wear coefficient are not only accurate（accuracy 16.12%） but also highly congruous, whereas there is a larger deviation in the prediction with comprehensive axial wear coefficient（accuracy 41%, which is in agreement with the prediction of disc cutters’ life in the field）. This paper puts forth a new method concerning prediction of life span and wear of TBM disc cutters as well as timing for replacing disc cutters.     

隧道掘进机刀群与盘体支撑筋耦合布置设计

刀盘是全断面隧道掘进机(Tunnel boring machine,TBM)的关键部件,TBM刀盘系统设计直接关系掘进效率和可靠性。刀盘系统设计的关键是复杂岩石边界下刀群布置设计与刀盘盘体结构设计,二者相互耦合,相互影响。分析刀群与盘体支撑结构之间空间位置耦合以及支撑结构与刀盘强度刚度之间的非线性耦合关系,建立刀群与盘体支撑结构耦合布置优化模型,提出多子系统协同进化的刀具适应性布置与盘体结构耦合设计方法。以引洮工程为例进行验证,结果表明：支撑筋初始安装角与刀盘强度、刚度之间存在非线性函数关系,多子系统协同进化方法求解出的刀群与支撑筋耦合布置方案的最大等效应力、最大变形量、不平衡力矩、不平衡力、顺次角度等指标相比原方案降低了30%以上,以此证明提出的耦合优化模型及其求解方法的可行性和有效性,可为TBM刀盘系统设计提供一定的借鉴与方法支撑。     

Experimental Study on Wear Behaviors of TBM Disc Cutter Ring in Hard Rock Conditions

ABSTRACT

To improve the wear resistance of disc cutters for tunnel boring machines (TBMs), this study is devoted to investigating the effects of rocks and cutter ring properties on the wear behaviors of disc cutters and the matching characteristics between the cutter ring properties and hard rocks. Cutter–rock wear tests were performed and the results show that the cutter ring properties and rock types significantly affect the cutter ring wear. The mass losses of cutter ring samples sliding against different types of hard rock are different and vary with the cutter ring properties because of the discrepancies in loads, vibrations, rock properties, and transition of the wear mechanisms. Finally, matching characteristics between the cutter ring properties and hard rocks are revealed.