基于多个隧道掘进机工程数据回归分析的滚刀磨损评价方法

为了评价不同隧道工程围岩对隧道掘进机(TBM)滚刀磨损的影响,解决滚刀磨耗难以准确预测的问题,基于北疆供水二期、吉林引松供水、陕西引汉济渭、大瑞铁路高黎贡山、深圳地铁10号线等多个隧道(洞)工程T MB滚刀磨损数据,选取岩石单轴抗压强度、岩石等效石英含量、岩石磨蚀性指标、岩体完整性指标、滚刀破岩体积磨损速率等参数进行数...     

TBM的刀具改性与辅助破岩技术研究现状

硬岩掘进机(TBM)主要依赖滚刀-岩石界面的滚压作用进行隧道掘进作业,滚刀刀圈磨损严重、更换频繁,严重影响TBM掘进效率.本文介绍了TBM滚刀破岩原理与典型失效形式;从滚刀材料改性和结构优化角度归纳总结了TBM刀具改性的研究现状,指出单纯的滚刀改性优化对TBM掘进效率的提升作用有限;进而介绍了水射流、超声、激光和微波等外加物理场辅助破岩技术的研究进展;最后,从岩石力学性能化学弱化角度探讨了辅助破岩技术的新思路.     

TBM滚刀切削温度对破岩效率影响的研究

TBM滚刀破岩效率是衡量非开挖工程中滚刀破岩性能的关键指标,而切削温度又是影响TBM滚刀破岩的关键因素。为了深入研究切削温度对滚刀破岩效率的影响,运用ABAQUS有限元软件,模拟分析滚刀在不同温度时的复杂非线性动态响应过程。研究结果表明:在(50~300)℃范围内,随着温度的升高,滚刀和岩石的力学性能发生改变。滚刀受力先减小后增大,岩石破碎体积持续增大,导致滚刀破岩比能先减小后增大。155℃为滚刀理想切削温度,破岩效率最高。研究结果为TBM滚刀切削温度的选择研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

中风化泥、砂岩复合地层盾构滚刀磨损机理及预测分析

针对盾构施工过程中滚刀的磨损机理及磨损量预测展开研究,确定合理的开仓换刀时机,基于磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和疲劳磨损三种滚刀磨损机理,结合CSM理论公式计算得到滚刀法向力,建立滚刀径向磨损高度理论计算模型,将滚刀径向磨损高度拟合数据与现场实测数据进行对比分析。结果表明：滚刀磨损量中,磨粒磨损占比最高,黏着磨损其次,疲劳磨损占比最低。预测滚刀磨损数据与现场实测磨损数据相对误差不超过14.5%,说明该模型对于中风化泥、砂岩复合地层预测滚刀磨损有较好的准确性。     

复合岩层TBM刀盘外部载荷的确定

TBM在工作过程中地层结构的多变性导致刀盘受力的复杂性,针对刀盘受力问题以TBM刀盘掘进沈阳地铁二号线复合地层为研究条件,基于SolidWorks建立了简化的刀盘三维模型和岩石截面分层模型,构成破岩系统模型。利用CSM滚刀预测模型计算了滚刀在不同岩层下所需的破岩力,合算出掘进实际地层时刀盘所需推力。在ADAMS环境中对刀盘破岩过程进行动力学模拟,通过提取盘面上所有滚刀载荷和刀盘惯性载荷来确定整个TBM刀盘掘进过程中的载荷时间历程。     

TBM盘型滚刀不同磨损状态下的切削力预测

基于ABAQUS/Explicit非线性显式动力学有限元计算,分析了滚刀在不同磨损厚度和不同磨损刃角的受力,以及滚刀与岩石的接触压力。计算结果显示,在不同磨损条件下,滚刀所受的贯入力是滚动力的3倍,侧向力可以忽略不计。在均匀磨损条件下,滚刀受力和接触压力随磨损加剧也快速增大。在刃角磨损条件下,滚刀受力和接触压力不随刃角变化成比例增加,具有一定随机分布特性,其最大值和无磨损滚刀受力最大值差异较小。这些结论为TBM的结构设计、滚刀的寿命预测和动力学分析提供了参考依据。     

基于免疫算法的全断面岩石掘进机刀盘滚刀布局设计理论研究

全断面岩石隧道掘进机(TBM)刀盘滚刀布局对掘进性能有显著影响。文中针对滚刀受力与刀盘滚刀布局方法进行分析,针对刀盘径向载荷最小、刀盘倾覆力矩最小、质量分布均匀、破岩差异量最小4个优化目标进行层次分析法加权统一,建立了刀盘滚刀布局优化模型,采用具有非退化优势的免疫算法对刀盘滚刀布局进行了优化设计。以大伙房隧道的刀盘模型为工程实例,利用刀盘滚刀布局优化模型对MB264-311TBM型掘进机滚刀的优化布置进行了实践,针对米字型、螺旋线型破岩协调耦合布局及不具有耦合关系的随机型滚刀布局分别进行优化计算,优化效果显著。其中,随机型滚刀布置的优化结果明显减小了刀盘径向载荷与倾覆力矩,优化程度高达91.475%,提出基于随机型滚刀布局方式的TBM刀盘布局设计新理论。在兼顾刀盘的非性能指标约束条件下,该布局理论对于提升滚刀破岩效率、提高刀盘刀具的使用寿命具有重要的工程应用价值。     

基于CSM模型的TBM滚刀受力预测公式

研究盘型滚刀的受力模型可以使滚刀受力计算更精确,进而为刀盘的受力分析及刀具在刀盘上的布局提供理论依据。通过对原有CSM受力模型分析的基础上,基于盘形滚刀切割岩石实际情况提出了改进的CSM模型。对滚刀刀圈采用NX Nastran软件有限元分析计算校核其强度。通过与实验数据及与原CSM模型对比验证了其优越性,并与国内外现有的其他受力模型进行了对比,验证了文中提出的滚刀侧向力公式。研究结果为TBM盘形滚刀的设计、研究滚刀磨损及整个刀盘的受力提供了理论依据。     

盾构机盘形滚刀磨损影响因素及优化设计要点分析

分析盘形滚刀在破岩过程中滚刀的受力,论述了盘形滚刀磨损失效的常见形式,并利用ANSYS有限元软件,通过构建盘形滚刀破岩有限元模型,发现盘形滚刀刀圈半径、刀刃宽度、刀间距与切削深度是盘形滚刀磨损的主要影响因素。在对滚刀优化设计时,建议要结合盾构机盘形滚刀磨损影响因素提出可行性方案,保障盾构机后期有效运行。     

利用数值模拟估算TBM刀具磨损量的方法

采用有限元方法建立滚刀与岩石相互做作用模型。模拟了单刀破岩过程中盘形滚刀的受力与运动情况。并依据体积磨损量与摩擦能量之间的关系建立方程,对刀具磨损量以及刀具寿命进行了估算。研究结果表明:利用数值模拟得到的垂直力、滑移量估算刀具使用寿命的方法可行;对于同一种地质条件,滚刀存在一个最佳贯入度使得磨损量最小;安装半径与刀盘转速的增大会使刀具磨损量增大;同条件下单轴抗压强度越大的岩石对刀具磨损越严重。     

Design theory of full face rock tunnel boring machine transition cutter edge angle and its application

At present, the inner cutters of a full face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) and transition cutter edge angles are designed on the basis of indentation test or linear grooving test. The inner and outer edge angles of disc cutters are characterized as symmetric to each other with respect to the cutter edge plane. This design has some practical defects, such as severe eccentric wear and tipping, etc. In this paper, the current design theory of disc cutter edge angle is analyzed, and the characteristics of the rock-breaking movement of disc cutters are studied. The researching results show that the rotational motion of disc cutters with the cutterhead gives rise to the difference between the interactions of inner rock and outer rock with the contact area of disc cutters, with shearing and extrusion on the inner rock and attrition on the outer rock. The wear of disc cutters at the contact area is unbalanced, among which the wear in the largest normal stress area is most apparent. Therefore, a three-dimensional model theory of rock breaking and an edge angle design theory of transition disc cutter are proposed to overcome the flaws of the currently used TBM cutter heads, such as short life span, camber wearing, tipping. And a corresponding equation is established. With reference to a specific construction case, the edge angle of the transition disc cutter has been designed based on the theory. The application of TBM in some practical project proves that the theory has obvious advantages in enhancing disc cutter life, decreasing replacement frequency, and making economic benefits. The proposed research provides a theoretical basis for the design of TBM three-dimensional disc cutters whose rock-breaking operation time can be effectively increased.     

Experimental Study on Wear Behaviors of TBM Disc Cutter Ring in Hard Rock Conditions

ABSTRACT

To improve the wear resistance of disc cutters for tunnel boring machines (TBMs), this study is devoted to investigating the effects of rocks and cutter ring properties on the wear behaviors of disc cutters and the matching characteristics between the cutter ring properties and hard rocks. Cutter–rock wear tests were performed and the results show that the cutter ring properties and rock types significantly affect the cutter ring wear. The mass losses of cutter ring samples sliding against different types of hard rock are different and vary with the cutter ring properties because of the discrepancies in loads, vibrations, rock properties, and transition of the wear mechanisms. Finally, matching characteristics between the cutter ring properties and hard rocks are revealed.     

基于库仑-莫尔准则的盘形滚刀破岩力预测研究*

盘形滚刀破岩力是全断面掘进机设计的关键参数,为准确预测盘形滚刀破岩力,以被压岩石为研究对象,以岩石断裂力学为理论基础,综合考虑岩石、滚刀及施工工艺等参数,采用微元积分法,针对圆刃滚刀建立一种综合的滚刀破岩力预测模型。同时根据滚刀实际破岩过程应用库仑-莫尔破坏准则,提出二次派生推力的概念,推导出二次派生推力计算模型,修正滚刀破岩力预测模型使其符合实际情况。在此基础上,应用科罗拉多矿业学院数据对修正后里理论模型进行分析验证,并与线性切割模型和CSM理论模型对比,结果表明本文模型预测精度比已有模型要高。通过模型理论分析和设计三因素三水平正交试验分析得到岩石、滚刀及施工工艺等参数对滚刀破岩力的影响规律,这为全断面掘进机刀盘整体设计和实际施工提供一定的理论参考。     

PCBN刀具的磨损机理和干切削GCr15时的磨损与寿命

研究了PCBN刀具的磨损机理和磨损形式。通过对干切削GCr15轴承钢时刀具的磨损形式及寿命进行试验研究 ,得出了工件硬度、切削速度对PCBN刀具磨损的影响规律以及工件硬度在临界硬度附近时刀具磨损速度最快的结论。加工两种硬度工件时的刀具寿命方程表明 ,切削速度对PCBN刀具寿命的影响小于对硬质合金及陶瓷刀具寿命的影响。     

Thrust and Torque Characteristics Based on a New cutter-head Load Model

Full face rock tunnel boring machine(TBM) has been widely used in hard rock tunnels, however, there are few published theory about cutter-head design, and the design criteria of cutter-head under compl...     

硬质合金圆盘刀分切硅钢片的磨损形态及机理研究

分析了圆盘剪分切加工过程中圆盘刀的受力,利用硬质合金圆盘刀进行了硅钢片的分切加工试验,研究了硬质合金圆盘刀的磨损,对比分析了圆盘刀刃口磨损前后的表面形貌、微观结构和钴元素含量的变化,探讨了其磨损形式及机理。结果表明,硬质合金圆盘刀磨损主要在刃口两侧形成磨损带,随着磨损的发生,圆盘刀切削刃过渡圆弧半径增大、刃口变钝,刀具的磨损形式主要表现为WC硬质颗粒裸露脱落及材料的黏结撕裂,磨损机理主要为硬质合金黏结相钴元素的流失、疲劳磨损和黏结磨损。     

新型TBM螺旋槽滚刀破岩性能及接触行为研究

全断面隧道掘进机(TBM)是用于长大隧道建设的关键装备,在川藏铁路等国家重大战略工程中发挥着重要作用。但TBM在硬岩地层施工中仍然面临所需推力大、掘进速度慢、滚刀损耗严重等问题,亟待解决。尝试探索基于滚刀表面结构设计调控刀-岩接触的可行性,设计了一种新型螺旋槽盘形滚刀。使用直线切割破岩实验研究不同贯入度和岩石种类下新型滚刀的破岩性能,并利用颗粒流离散元数值仿真对其破岩机理进行阐释。结果表明,滚刀表面的螺旋槽设计可以显著地降低破岩时切削力,而对生成的岩石碎片总体积无明显影响,因此可以显著减小滚刀做功,降低破岩比能,提高破岩过程的能量利用效率。其机理在于螺旋槽有效地优化了岩石内应力分布,使得同一滚刀前后相邻的刃齿在沟槽下方岩石中形成拉应力区,该部分岩石未与滚刀直接接触形成岩石粉末,而是由拉裂纹互相贯通形成岩石碎片,即减少了岩石粉末数量、缓解了岩石过度破碎程度,最终达到了降低切削载荷和破岩能耗的效果。     

Wear Analysis of Disc Cutters of Full Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine

Wear is a major factor of disc cutters’ failure. No current theory offers a standard for the prediction of disc cutter wear yet. In the field the wear prediction method commonly used is based on the excavation length of tunnel boring machine（TBM） to predict the disc cutter wear and its wear law, considering the location number of each disc cutter on the cutterhead（radius for installation）; in theory, there is a prediction method of using arc wear coefficient. However, the preceding two methods have their own errors, with their accuracy being 40% or so and largely relying on the technicians’ experience. Therefore, radial wear coefficient, axial wear coefficient and trajectory wear coefficient are defined on the basis of the operating characteristics of TBM. With reference to the installation and characteristics of disc cutters, those coefficients are modified according to penetration, which gives rise to the presentation of comprehensive axial wear coefficient, comprehensive radial wear coefficient and comprehensive trajectory wear coefficient. Calculation and determination of wear coefficients are made with consideration of data from a segment of TBM project（excavation length 173 m）. The resulting wear coefficient values, after modification, are adopted to predict the disc cutter wear in the follow-up segment of the TBM project（excavation length of 5621 m）. The prediction results show that the disc cutter wear predicted with comprehensive radial wear coefficient and comprehensive trajectory wear coefficient are not only accurate（accuracy 16.12%） but also highly congruous, whereas there is a larger deviation in the prediction with comprehensive axial wear coefficient（accuracy 41%, which is in agreement with the prediction of disc cutters’ life in the field）. This paper puts forth a new method concerning prediction of life span and wear of TBM disc cutters as well as timing for replacing disc cutters.     

Disc cutters’ layout design of the full-face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) using a cooperative coevolutionary algorithm

In rock TBM design the disc cutters’ layout design of the full-face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) is one of the key technologies. However, there are few published papers in literatures for various reasons. In this paper, based on the engineering technical requirements and the corresponding cutter head’s structure design requirements, a nonlinear multi-objective disc cutters’ layout mathematical model with complex constraints and the corresponding multi-stage solution strategy are presented, in which the whole disc cutters’ layout design process is decomposed into the disc cutters’ spacing design and the disc cutters’ plane layout design. A numerical simulation method based on the FEM theory is adopted to simulate the rock chipping process induced by three TBM disc cutters to determine the optimal cutter spacing. And a cooperative coevolutionary genetic algorithm (CCGA) is adopted to solve the disc cutters’ plane layout design problem. Finally, a disc cutters’ layout design instance of the TBM is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The computational results show that the proposed method can be used to solve the disc cutters’ layout design problem of the TBM and provide various layout schemes within short running times for the engineers to choose from.