90°弯管内湍流流动的数值模拟

进行了90°弯管内湍流流动的数值模拟实验。结果表明,切向速度在开始旋转阶段内侧的速度增大、压力减小,外侧速度降低、压力增大;当转过60°截面后,外侧的速度增大、压力减小,内侧速度降低、压力增大。弯管内流体旋转产生的离心力导致压力分布的变化,使得弯管内流体产生垂直于主流切向速度的轴向速度和径向速度,形成了二次流。90°弯管流场是主流切向速度与二次流的叠加,呈现出复杂的三维流动特性。     

多进口旋流器流场特征及分离性能

为了改善单进口旋流器稳定性差、分级效率低等问题,本文提出了多进口旋流器结构。通过数值模拟方法,在恒定入料工况下,对比分析了单、二、三、四进口旋流器的流场特征和分离性能。研究结果表明：增加旋流器进口数量,会对旋流器流场和分离性能产生积极影响,有利于旋流流场径向压力的增大,且进口数量为偶数时,流场径向静压力增强效果更好;旋流器柱段区域流场切向速度增大,有利于强化旋流器分离能力。同时使用Mixture耦合RSM模型预测了离散相CaCO₃颗粒的分离效率,结果表明多进口旋流器可以在低速度入口条件下完成离散相的高精度分离。入料速度为3m/s的工况条件下,多进口旋流器分离50μm、57.5μm颗粒的底流分配率较单进口旋流器分别提升了10.60%、5.59%,对抑制旋流器溢流产品错配率和提高分级精度有积极的影响。因此,增加旋流器进口数量,可以有效提升旋流分级效率和分离精度。     

CFD在液液水力旋流器入口结构及尺寸优化中的应用

根据计算流体力学 (CFD)的原理和方法 ,以流场数值模拟为基础 ,本文研究了旋流器的各组成部分在分离中所起的作用 ,首次定量描述了旋流器内、外旋流压力 ,径向压力梯度和弗劳德准数沿管长的变化 ,并分析了旋流管各部件对分离性能及能耗的影响 ,并对旋流管入口结构和尺寸作了优化计算     

新型α旋流器的流场模拟

根据集成膜法海水软化技术及装置对海水纳滤前分离粒度及效率的要求,开发出了内置导流板和曲线长锥体的新型α旋流器,并对其流场特性进行了数值模拟研究.以CFD模拟软件Fluent 6.2提供的雷诺应力模型(RSM)为基础,分析了速度矢量、切向速度、轴向速度等参数的分布规律,研究了内部导流板和曲线长锥体结构对其分离性能的影响.切向速度、轴向速度的模拟表明:与常规旋流器相比,新型α旋流器以内构件对流体进行导流和整流后,不仅流场稳定,而且能耗小、压降低;由于导流和整流作用,具有螺旋导流板及曲线长锥体结构的新型α旋流器,有效延长了流体在旋流器内的流动时间,从而延长细颗粒的停留时间,有利于细颗粒的分离.     

大锥段注气对液-液水力旋流器分离性能的影响

针对油田含聚污水处理难度大的问题,利用CFD和多孔介质模型建立了旋流器内部流体的计算模型,数值模拟分析了大锥段注气旋流器内多相流体速度场和压力场的分布规律,结果表明:大锥段注气后,在旋流区和大锥段区的径向速度和流向溢流口的轴向速度明显提高,分离性能有所改善;产生的气浮选效应使混合液的分离难度降低,压力降减小,节约了能源。提出旋流器流场分界区的概念,研究表明在分界区注气能更好地改善分离效果,分界区的位置取决于旋流器的结构参数和操作参数。     

导向叶片对导叶式旋流器内流场的影响

借助Fluent软件,采用雷诺应力模型对导叶式水力旋流器进行了数值模拟,得到了内部流场的轴向速度、切相速度和径向速度的分布规律,对比不同结构参数的导向叶片对旋流器内速度场的影响。通过分析,导叶式旋流器的叶片有最适宜的角度,它可减小湍流脉动,增加旋流器分离的稳定性。     

渐扩进料体旋流器的数值模拟与PIV测试

为了深入探究渐扩进料体旋流器内部的流场特征,采用数值模拟和激光粒子图像测速(PIV)技术相结合的方法对Φ40 mm渐扩进料体旋流器内的流体速度分布和空气柱形成过程进行研究。结果表明,溢流管附近流体的轴向速度较大,零速包络面特征表明在靠近溢流管的零点轨迹明显减少,流体快速向下运动,有助于短路流进入外旋流参与分离过程,减少直接进入到溢流管的短路流量,有利于减少短路流、提高分离效率。数值模拟与PIV测试吻合程度较高,验证了模拟的准确性。     

微型多进口旋流器内气流形态的数值模拟

为探究不同进口个数的结构设计对微型旋流反应器气相流场的影响,文中采用雷诺应力(RSM)湍流模型,对进口速度分别为10,20和50 m/s时的单进口、双进口和四进口微型旋流反应器气相流场进行数值模拟。基于模型有效性验证的数值结果表明:进口个数会影响流场对称性和截面速度分布。多进口旋流反应器的切向流场轴对称性较好,在各截面上最大切向速率较大。多进口旋流反应器的轴向速度则随着截面高度的增大明显减小,而单进口旋流反应器截面轴向速度变化并不明显。多进口旋流反应器之间的流场基本相似。进口速度的增大则会使旋流反应器截面上的切向速度和轴向速度相应增大,另外进口速度并不影响截面最大切向速度的径向位置。     

钻井液气液旋流分离器内部流场的CFD模拟

采用计算流体力学数值模拟方法研究了钻井液气液旋流分离器的内部流场,模拟出了分离器内部的压力分布、轴向速度和切向速度的变化规律,得到了钻井液气液旋流器内部流场的特征,为钻井液气液旋流器分离器的工艺设计提供了参考依据。     

注气对油水分离水力旋流器流场影响模拟分析

采用雷诺应力湍流模型、混合模型和离散相模型对注气型油水分离水力旋流器进行数值模拟,得到其内部流场的速度分布和油滴粒子运动轨迹,分析对比了注气前后进口流量、分流比和充气量对分离效率的影响,数值计算结果与文献实验值进行了比较。结果表明,充气后流场速度增加,油滴粒子逃逸时间缩短,旋流器分离效率提高5%~10%,在一定条件下气浮对旋流分离起到强化作用。     

不同操作参数下动态水力旋流器内部油水两相流动的数值模拟

根据计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法,应用Fluent软件对动态水力旋流器内部油水两相流场进行数值模拟,考察了不同入口流量及转筒转速下旋流器内速度场与油水两相的分布情况。结果表明:动态水力旋流器内切向速度呈双涡结构(准自由涡与准强制涡);轴向速度明显小于切向速度且不存在零速度包络面,油相集中于旋流器轴心形成油核,随着流量及转速的增加,各相速度及中心油核浓度均增加。     

基于雷诺应力模型的脱油旋流器流场特性研究

采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)对油水分离用水力旋流器进行了数值模拟,模拟出了循环流和短路流现象,得到了内部流场的轴向速度、径向速度和切向速度的分布规律;模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,说明该湍流模型和计算方法的选取是正确的;另外,针对油相体积分数为2%,油滴粒径为40μm的混合介质进行分析,得出了油水二相的体积分数分布。在旋流器的轴心处油相体积分数最大,最大处混合介质中含油体积分数高达98.9%;在壁面附近体积分数很小,说明该水力旋流器的分离效果较好。通过数值模拟为进一步研究水力旋流器内部流场的分布和结构优化设计奠定了基础。     

Studies on the performance of a hydrocyclone and modeling for flow characterization in presence and absence of air core

Hydrocyclones are getting more and more interest from various industries. They are widely used to separate particulates from liquid at high throughput because of their advantages like simple structure, low cost, large capacity and small volume, require little way of maintenance and support structure. Modeling of complex and multiphase flow behavior inside the hydrocyclone is done usually with the help of computational fluid dynamic study. Current study involves experimental investigation of separation performance characteristics of the hydrocyclone using new design parameters. For experimental purpose, a new hydrocyclone was designed with insertion of solid rod, at central portion of conical section of hydrocyclone, inside the hydrocyclone . By which air core could be eliminated effectively and hydrocyclone performance is improved. This effect may be observed due to reduction of radial and axial components of velocity and turbulence in the area near the entrance of the vortex finder. Therefore, the flow field characteristics inside the hydrocyclone with no air core become more suitable for separation. Also the effect of flow rate, vortex finder depths, air core and particle interaction were studied experimentally. A new arrangement was suggested to eliminate the air core formed inside the hydrocyclone. In this case, effect of diameter and height of solid rod inserted inside the hydrocyclone with changing total inlet flow rate was studied experimentally. Three-dimensional geometry and meshing of hydrocyclone is created in Gambit, preprocessor of commercial software—Fluent, for hydrodynamic study.     

Mathematical modelling of a hydrocyclone for the down-hole oil–water separation (DOWS)

In this study, a mathematical model is developed to predict the efficiency of a down-hole oil–water separation hydrocyclone. In the proposed model, the separation efficiency is determined based on droplet trajectory of a single oil droplet through the continuous-phase. The droplet trajectory model is developed using a Lagrangian approach in which single droplets are traced in the continuous-phase. The droplet trajectory model uses the swirling flow of the continuous-phase to trace the oil droplets. By applying the droplet trajectory, a trial and error approach is used to determine the size of the oil droplet that reaches the reverse flow region, where they can be separated. The required input for the proposed model is hydrocyclone geometry, fluid properties, inlet droplet size distribution and operational conditions at the down hole. The model is capable of predicting the hydrocyclone hydrodynamic flow field, namely, the axial, tangential and radial velocity distributions of the continuous-phase. The model was then applied for some case studies from the field tested DOWS systems which exist in the literature. The results show that the proposed model can predict well the split ratio and separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone. Moreover, the results of the proposed model can be used as a preliminary evaluation for installing a down-hole oil–water separation hydrocyclone system in a producing well.     

新型旋风分级器流场特性及颗粒分级性能

针对传统旋风分级器分级效率较低的难题,本文设计了一种中部进风、顶部重力进料式新型旋风分级器,利用数值模拟和试验手段对其流场特征及分级性能进行了研究。模拟结果表明,新型旋风分级器内存在若干旋涡,主气流进入分级器后形成由上、下两个旋涡构成的主分级流场,上部旋涡均为上行气流,下部旋涡为切流返转形式;二次气流形成的细颗粒淘洗旋涡具有近壁面处高转速、中心区快速上升的特点,最大轴向速度达16.5m/s,可强化对边壁处浓集颗粒的剪切分散和淘洗作用,对主分级流场切向速度影响较小,但可使其轴向速度值最大增加100%,这将缩短细颗粒的停留时间;主分级流场与淘洗流场相互作用形成分区流动,具有较明显的动态边界,为粗、细颗粒的定向分离提供了力场基础。试验表明,二次气量占比约20%,主、二次气流气速分别为14m/s和20m/s时,牛顿分级效率可达88%,分级精度指数K值最小为1.84,此时新型旋风分级器具有较高的分级精度。     

油井采出液预分水用轴向水力旋流器的实验研究

高含水油井采出液的高效预分水是目前油气集输处理领域面临的关键难题之一,轴向水力旋流器因具有结构紧凑、分离效率高等优点而得到了国内外的广泛关注。本文针对自主研发的油井采出液预分水用轴向水力旋流器开展了室内实验研究。与切向水力旋流器对比,轴向水力旋流器不仅分离效率更高,而且油出口处的油滴聚结长大近1.8倍,在分水率高于50%的情况下,水出口处的含油浓度低于1000mg/L;轴向水力旋流器压降较低,且压降比与分流比呈线性相关。分流比、含水率和流量对分离性能均有显著影响,其中分流比的变化直接影响油核的大小和稳定性,室内样机的最佳分流比为0.45,当含水率为90%、处理量为1.00m³/h时分水率与含油浓度分别为62.9%和432.8mg/L;含水率高于75%时分离性能良好;室内样机的最佳流量为1.50m³/h。自主研发的轴向水力旋流器不仅满足性能要求,而且在操作弹性、可控性方面较切向水力旋流器均有一定的提升。     

Axial symmetric flow model for a flat bottom hydrocyclone

Experiments with laser Doppler velocimetry show that, for flat bottom hydrocyclones, the axial velocity field is a function of the radius and a linear function of the axial co-ordinate, while the tangential velocity is a function of the radial co-ordinate only. Based on these results, a physical model is presented, where the flow field is divided in two zones. Zone I corresponds to the feed inlet, which occurs through a ring in the upper portion of the cylinder, the length of which depends on the length of the vortex finder tube. Zone II includes the rest of the cylinder. The axial symmetric solution of Reynolds equations for the isotropic turbulent flow leads to two sets of field equations, one for each zone in the hydrocyclone. In zone II, where experimental data were determined, simulation compares favourably with the flow pattern determined experimentally for water in a 100-mm flat bottom hydrocyclone.     

Test of flow field on the annular meridian plane in a tubular membrane separator with rotary tangential flow

Enhancement of membrane microfiltration by rotary tangential flow is a new technique, which is based on the hydrocyclone mechanism. It improved the structure of the general membrane separator and the form of the liquid suspension flowing into the separator, so as to increase membrane fluxes and decrease membrane fouling. In our research, a tubular membrane separator with rotary tangential flow was designed for the first time. The flow field characteristics of polypropylene tubular membrane microfiltration in this tubular separator were studied systematically by means of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) test. Streamlines and velocity distributions of the meridian plane of the separator under different operating parameters were obtained. The velocity distribution characteristics of rotary circular tangential flow were analyzed quantitatively with the following conclusions being obtained:

• (1) In the non‐vortex area, no matter how the operating parameters (flux, entry pressure) change, the velocity near the rotary tangential flow entrance is higher than the velocity far from the entrance at the same radial coordinates. In the vortex area, generally the flow velocity of the inner vortex is lower than that of the outer vortex. At the vortex center, the velocity is the lowest, the radial velocity being generally equal to zero. In the vortex zone, the radial velocity is less than the axial velocity.
• (2) Under test conditions, the radial velocity and the axial velocity of the vortexes' borders are 1–2 times the average axial velocity in the annular gap of the membrane module. The maximum radial velocity and axial velocity of Taylor vortexes are 2–5 times the average axial velocity in the annular gap of the membrane module.
• (3) In the vortexes that formed on the meridian plane, it was found that mass transfer occurred between the inner and outer parts of the fluid. Much fluid moved from the outer vortexes into the inner ones, which was able to prevent particles blocking the membrane tube.

Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Study of the swirling flow field induced by guide vanes using electrical resistance tomography and numerical simulations

In this work, the swirling flow field induced by guide vanes was studied using electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and numerical simulations. The results show that the two-phase water and oil mixture moves in the same axial direction for this type of flow field, which is very unlike the flow behavior of a traditional hydrocyclone with a tangential inlet. In the pipe behind the guide vanes, the smallest axial velocity and tangential velocity are located at the center of the pipe. From the pipe center to the pipe wall, both pressure and velocity increase gradually. Downstream of guide vanes, the maximal oil volume fraction is observed at the center of the pipe. From the center of the pipe to the inner wall, the oil volume fraction gradually decreases. Moreover, ERT can precisely show the oil distribution in the pipe section. These studies prove the possibility of efficient oil and water mixture separation by guide vanes, and the results may be very important for guiding the optimal design of vane-type pipe separators.