由α轻烯烃制取混合脂肪仲醇的研究

本文阐述了由蜡下油裂解得到的馏份C_5～C_9,常温下反应制取混合仲醇,作为煤泥浮选剂(FP101)的工艺条件研究,为蜡下油裂解资源的开发利用,提供了新的依据。一、反应原理 1、a一轻烯烃(C _5一C_9)与浓硫酸加成反应 a一轻烯烃(以下简称轻烯烃)与浓硫酸作用,按不对称加成规则加成。     

液体烯烃树脂

所谓液体烯烃树脂是C_5～C_9脂肪族α—烯烃与环戊二烯的液体无规齐聚物。营口市石油化工研究所用α—烯烃与环戊二烯(配比为9:1)在3%三氯化铝催化下,在70—80℃下,反应3小时得     

α-烯烃增塑剂

聚氯乙烯通常采用各种酯类化合物作为增塑剂,大多数都采用 DOP。由链状的烷基所形成的酯具有低温柔软性和高温特性。C_6、C_8与 C_(10)的烯烃通过羰基化反应,转换为相应的 C_7、C_9和 C_(11)的醇。这些醇与无水邻苯二甲酸反应生成 C_7、C_9和 C_(11)的邻苯二甲酸酯。DOP、DOP/DOA 混合物与G_(7-11)酯的性质比较如下表:基本配方:PVC 树脂 SM-250 100增塑剂 50     

三氯化铝催化C_(13)～C_(14)烯烃齐聚反应

使用三氯化铝作催化剂,对C_(13)～C_(14)内烯烃齐聚反应进行了研究,考察三氯化铝用量、反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件对聚内烯烃合成油收率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:三氯化铝用量为原料总质量的3%,反应温度160℃,反应时间4 h。在此条件下,以C_(13)～C_(14)内烯烃与1-十四碳烯的混合物为反应原料合成了聚烯烃合成油,并研究了其物化性能。结果表明,采用质量分数各为50%的1-十四碳烯与C_(13)～C_(14)内烯烃混合物,可以合成100℃黏度为6.10 mm~2·s~(-1)、黏度指数147和凝点-40℃的聚烯烃合成油,收率为78%,具有黏度低、凝点低和黏度指数高的特点,是高质量的聚烯烃合成油。     

长链烷基二甲苯合成研究

采用无水三氯化铝与多卤代烷组成的配合物催化体系,研究了以C_(14)、C_(16)、C_(18)、C_(20)～C_(24)、C_(20)～C_(28)直链α-烯烃和混合二甲苯为原料合成系列长链烷基二甲苯的同分异构体或同系物,采用正交试验方法研究各个因素对反应的影响,确定较佳反应条件为:反应温度(滴加烯烃时的体系温度) 40℃,反应时间60 min,催化剂用量占体系总质量的1/100,混合二甲苯/烯烃物质的量之比为4. 0。在此条件下,利用30 L反应器进行了放大实验,烯烃的转化率达到100%,长链烷基二甲苯的收率达到92. 95%～98. 71%,长链烷基二甲苯的选择性达99%以上,工业放大生产了15 000余吨产品。     

润滑油的降凝剂

一、市场上的产品1.萘与氯化石蜡或 C_(14)～C_(24)α烯烃的缩合物;2.酚与氯化石蜡或α烯烃的缩合物;3.邻苯二甲酸二烷基酚酯;4.聚丙烯酸 C_(12)～     

用α轻烯烃试验制成PVC薄膜的主增塑剂

徐州合成洗衣粉厂的年处理3万吨软蜡裂解装置每年有副产品α轻烯烃的润滑油车间。α轻烯烃制脂肪醇因工艺技术路线的不同可有伯醇和仲醇两种产品，但都可以作增塑剂。羰基合成法的产品是伯醇，硫酸水合法的产品是仲醇。江苏省水解研究所和徐州合成洗衣粉厂的硫酸水合法试制成功了苯二甲酸C_(5-9)仲酯增塑剂。徐州合成洗衣粉厂的C_(5-9)α烯烃的族组成是烯烃81.2％，烷烃12.3％，芳烃6.45％，各烯烃的含量是C_4 1.84％，C_5 8.18，C_6 24.10％，C_7 8.44％，C_8 35.30％，C_9 11.02％。     

中国专利

<正>一种负载型烯烃齐聚催化剂及其制备方法本发明的负载型烯烃齐聚催化剂包括负载于中孔硅铝材料上的具有式(1)表达式的配合物和有机铝化合物,催化剂的镍质量分数为0.5%～5.0%、铝质量分数为20%～30%。式(1)中,R选自氢、C_1C_(12)的烷基、C_1～C_6的烷氧基或硝基,X为卤素或乙酸根,n为1或2。所述的中孔硅铝材料具有拟薄水铝石的物相结构,以     

国外瞭望

法国化工企业阿托菲纳公司和美国石化生产技术供应商UOP近日宣布,能够把C_4～C_8转化为乙烯和丙烯的新型烯烃裂解工艺即将问世。 该工艺利用蒸气裂解炉、流化催化裂化(FCC)装置和甲醇制烯烃(MTO)装置产生的C_4～C_8烯烃馏分,使用一种沸石催化剂。这种工艺与蒸汽裂解装置结合使用时,可提高丙烯/乙烯比,可帮助弥补常规蒸汽裂解装置提供的丙烯与需求之间日益增大的空缺。对FCC装置来说,此工艺可利用FCC C_4和轻质     

国外动态

高级烯烃需求2000年前将年增5.8％化学系统公司新的研究报道,世界高级烯烃(除丁烯—1外)1990—2000年之需求将年增5.8％。全球之烯烃41％用于生产聚合物(大部分用于生产LLDPE),34％用于生产洗涤剂。北美生产之烯烃约占70％。化学系统公司称,需求增长最快的是C~6—C_(10)。C_6—C_8用于聚乙烯之共聚单体;C_(10)用于聚α烯烃合成润滑油之基础原料。全球1990年消耗近150万tα-烯烃,(其中通过乙烯齐聚生产的有120万t)。     

Typoselectivity of Crude Geobacillus sp. T1 Lipase Fused with a Cellulose-Binding Domain and Its Use in the Synthesis of Structured Lipids

Typoselectivity of crude CBD-T1 lipase (Geobacillus sp. T1 lipase fused with a cellulose binding domain) was investigated. Multi-competitive reaction mixtures including a set of n-chain fatty acids (C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3) and tripalmitin-enriched triacylglycerols were studied in hexane. The crude CBD-T1 lipase discriminated strongly against C18:1 n-9 [competitive factor (α) = 0.23] and showed the highest preference for C8:0 (α = 1). Utilizing the catalytic properties of crude CBD-T1 lipase, acidolysis of soybean oil with C8:0 was selected as a model reaction to investigate the ability of the lipase to produce MLM-type (medium-long-medium) structured lipids. Several reaction parameters (added water amount, reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio and reaction time) examined for incorporating C8:0 into soybean oil, the optimum conditions were: 1:3 (soybean oil/C8:0) of molar ratio, 3 mL of hexane, 50 °C of temperature, 48 h of reaction time, 20 % of crude CBD-T1 lipase (w/w total substrates), and 7.5 % of water (w/w enzyme). Under these conditions, the incorporation of C8:0 was 29.6 mol%. The results suggest that crude CBD-T1 lipase, which showed different fatty acid specificity profiles, is a potential biocatalyst for the modification of fats and oils.     

煤基富勒烯(C_(60))的制备与提纯

<正>富勒烯是除石墨和金刚石外碳的第三种同素异构体,其代表性分子是C_（60）和C_（70）。大量研究成果表明,富勒烯的特殊球形空心分子结构赋予了它许多奇异的物理化学性质,在超导、非线性光学、催化剂等诸多领域显示出十分诱人的应用前景。目前,国内外主要以高纯石墨电极为原料制备富勒烯,由于煤的价格低廉且来源广泛,以煤炭为原料制备富勒烯的研究备受国外学者的关注。本文以冶金焦为原料用电弧法制备富勒烯,研究了实验操作条件及冶金焦性质与富勒烯收率间的关系。粗富勒烯以活性炭为固定相,甲苯为流动相的柱色谱分离提纯,考察了活性炭的孔隙结构及柱色谱的长度对C_（60）纯度和收率的影响。     

十八烷基己基甲基羧基甜菜碱的合成及性能

以硬脂酸和己酸为原料合成了不对称双长链烷基羧基甜菜碱——十八烷基己基甲基羧基甜菜碱(C18+6B),测定了C18+6B的表面活性,并与总碳原子数相等的对称型双十二烷基甲基羧基甜菜碱(di C12B)进行比较,以了解表面活性剂分子结构对性能的影响。结果表明,C18+6B的表面活性与di C12B基本相当,但水溶性远好于di C12B。作为无碱驱油用表面活性剂,C18+6B对大庆原油来说HLB值略偏高,45℃下单独使用能将大庆原油/地层水界面张力降至10-2m N/m数量级,在大庆油砂上的饱和吸附量比di C12B低30%。C18+6B单独能将C7~C9正构烷烃/大庆地层水界面张力降至10-3m N/m数量级,而通过与亲油性更强的di C12B以及亲水性甜菜碱复配后,能将大庆原油/地层水界面张力降至10-3m N/m数量级,并能显著改善配方的水溶性。     

十八烷基己基甲基羧基甜菜碱的合成及性能

以硬脂酸和己酸为原料合成了不对称双长链烷基羧基甜菜碱——十八烷基己基甲基羧基甜菜碱(C18+6B),测定了C18+6B的表面活性,并与总碳原子数相等的对称型双十二烷基甲基羧基甜菜碱(diC12B)进行比较,以了解表面活性剂分子结构对性能的影响。结果表明,C18+6B的表面活性与diC12B基本相当,但水溶性远好于diC12B。作为无碱驱油用表面活性剂,C18+6B对大庆原油来说HLB值略偏高,45 ℃ 下单独使用能将大庆原油/地层水界面张力降至10-2mN/m数量级,在大庆油砂上的饱和吸附量比diC12B低30%。C18+6B单独能将C7~C9正构烷烃/大庆地层水界面张力降至10-3mN/m数量级,而通过与亲油性更强的diC12B以及亲水性甜菜碱复配后,能将大庆原油/地层水界面张力降至10-3mN/m数量级,并能显著改善配方的水溶性。     

Oil spill cleanup using vacuum technique

A vacuum technique is established for oil spill cleanup. It consists of environmental tank, oil-collecting unit, vacuum system, and air distributors. The vacuum technique is found very effective under all possible operating conditions. Several operating parameters are investigated such as hole arrangement (vertical and horizontal slots), air distributors location (one-side and two-sides strategies), air volumetric flow rate over the range of 0.0-0.667×10⁻³ m³/s, salinity concentration (0.0-30 kg NaCl/m³), temperature (5-35 °C), amount of crude oil added (0.25×10⁻³-10⁻³ m³), and surfactant concentration (0.0-0.3% of Triton X-100). The installation and implementation of the vacuum technique are quick, simple, and efficient. The proposed technique does not require any further processes to extract the crude oil. It provides excellent economical operating results.     

N-substituted alpha-aminoalkylacrylophenones and some related compounds: a new class of spermicidal agents

The results of a screening program to test the spermicidal effectiveness of several compounds is presented. The program was initiated after N-substituted 3-aminoacrylophenones were found to have unexpected spermicidal activity. The compounds had been synthesized as possible antiinflammatory agents. This result prompted the synthesis and screening of N-substituted alpha-aminomethylacrylophenones, alpha-(2-aminomethyl)acrylophenones and 3-N-substituted-2-methyleneindan-1-ones. The starting materials, substituted acetophenones, for the synthesis of N-substituted alpha-aminomethylacrylophenones were either commercial products or obtained by standard methods. N-substituted amino-butyrophenone was reacted with paraformaldehyde to yield the alpha-(2 aminoethyl)acrylophenones. A series of reactions was undertaken to synthesize 2-methyleneindan-1-ones. The preparation of each is detailed and molecular formulas are provided. Spermicidal activity was assessed by dissolving the compound in physiological saline at different concentrations. 2 drops of rat sperm suspension or human semen were placed on a slide, followed by 2 drops of a compound solution. Control slides of physiological saline were prepared. The contents were mixed for approximately 5 seconds and examined under a phase contrast microscope. The results were considered positive if 100% of the spermatozoa became immotile instantaneously. Several of the compounds showed marked spermicidal activity.     

Characterization of Doba-Chad heavy crude oil in relation with the feasibility of pipeline transportation

A heavy crude oil was characterized in view of the recent commercial exploitation of Doba oilfield in landlocked Chad from where the crude oil is extracted and expected to be routed to the Atlantic shore through pipeline transportation. The elemental composition of Doba feedstocks is 86.25% C, 12.10% H, 0.25% N, 0.14% S and 1.16% O. Atmospheric distillation indicated an initial boiling point at 85 °C, a 10 vol% fraction distilling before 250 °C and an onset of crude thermal cracking at 300 °C. Crude API gravity is 18.8° API, corresponding to a specific gravity of 0.94 at 15.6 °C. The Doba crude oil was found to exhibit non-elastic purely viscous Newtonian behavior over the temperature range typical of crude transportation by pipeline. The crude was fractionated into 97.4% maltenes (n-pentane solubles), 1.8% asphaltenes (n-pentane insolubles), and 0.1% toluene insolubles. The maltenes were subsequently split into four sub-fractions: 45.0±1.2% saturates (MF1), 11.0±0.3% mono and diaromatics (MF2), 26.8±1.2% polyaromatics (MF3), and 12.8±0.8% polars (MF4). FT-IR characterization and proton nuclear magnetic resonance identification of the maltenic and asphaltenic fractions provided evidence of the chemical nature of the different fractions. The high values of the kinematic viscosity of crude oil (184.4cSt at 50 °C) and deasphalted crude oil (152.4cSt at 50 °C) suggest that partially upgrading the oil would be necessary to comply with the viscosity specifications recommended for crude transportation by pipeline.     

KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE REACTION BETWEEN OZONE AND O-CRESOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

The stopped-flow spectrophotomctric method was applied to study the kinetics of the ozonation of o-cresol in aqueous solutions of pH values varying from 2 to 9 at 10 to 40°C. The fast reaction between o-cresol and ozone is second order overall with first order in each reactant. The ozonation rale increases with the temperature and pH value of the solution. In neutral solutions, the overall rate constant increases from 422,000 M^-1S^-1 at 10°C to 1,549,000 M^-1 S^-1 at 40°C. The activation energy is about 30 KJ/mol in the neutral solutions; it increases slightly with the acidity of the solution.

A mechanism based on the initial attack of ozone moleculesat the ortho and para positions of o-cresol is proposed for the ozonation reaction. According to this mechanism, three moles of ozone are required to react with each mole of o-cresol resulting in the rupture of the aromatic ring and production of various acids. The oxidation products were identified by these and other investigators. The proposed mechanism yields a second order kinetics for the overall reaction, as confirmed by the kinetic experiments.     

Isolation of lipase from germinating oilseeds for biotechnological processes

Germinating oilseeds have been explored as a possible source of lipases (glycerol ester hydrolase, EC.3.1.1.3) for the biotechnological processing of oils and fats. Seedlings of rape (Brassica napus) and mustard (Sinapis alba) at day 4 of germination and cotyledons of lupine (Lupinus albus) seedlings at day 3 of germination yield active crude lipase preparations upon homogenization with Tricine buffer (pH 7.5) followed by centrifugation at 23,000 g. The major portion of the lipase activity, determined with an emulsion of sunflower oil as substrate, is recovered in the supernatant fraction. These crude lipase preparations exhibit highest activity between pH 8 and 9, but they are inactive in acidic pH or at pH>10. Each of the crude lipase preparations is highly specific for thesn-1,3 positions of triacylglycerols. The crude lipase preparations exhibit excellent stability on storage at −10 C, but about 50–60% of their activity is lost upon freeze-drying. Dialysis of the crude lipase prior to freeze-drying does not prevent the loss of activity. However, acetone powder obtained from the seedlings exhibits a lipase activity as high as the undialyzed crude lipase preparation.     

离交干粉在仔猪全价配合饲料中的利用研究

本文从环境保护、废物资源利用的角度出发,以味精生产中废水经处理后产生的离交干粉为研究对象,将其添加到仔猪的饲料中。率交干粉中含有粗蛋白含量为97.26%,粗脂肪为2.9%,粗纤维为19.2%,灰分5.57%。其中粗蛋白主要以铵态氮形式出现和13.57%游率氨基酸组式。以动物营养学、饲料学的原理为基础,根据国家对仔猪喂营养需要的标准,设计出2种分别添加离交干粉9.38.51%的全价配合饲料配方,将其制成颗粒状全价饲料,并对21头活体仔猪进行为期28天的生物活性试验。添加9.38%的离交干粉的1#料饲喂结果表明,1#料安全无不良反应,猪均增重0.649kg/d、头,耗料1.610kg/d、头,料肉比为2.48,同正大551料饲喂效果接近。而其成本却比正大551低57元/吨。试验证明：离交干粉完全可作为饲料的一组成部分添加到全价配合饲料中,使其变废为宝,产生显著的经济效益和社会效益。