Some comments on a Viennese school of psychiatry.

The author comments on a school of psychotherapy called Logotherapy or Existential Analysis, which was originated by Victor E. Frankl of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Vienna. This school of analysis reflects the culture of the Hitler era and post-war Europe. Frankl states that neurosis is caused by repression of the patient's sense of responsibility and the function of psychotherapy is to bring this sense of responsibility back to the patient's awareness. Happiness, he postulates, is a byproduct of the realization of other values. Fear of death, aging, and discomfort are the principal causes of anxiety. The author feels that this school of psychotherapy, which has arisen from an experiential background so different from ours is worthy of careful study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Project plan for studies on suicide, attempted suicide, and suicide prevention

Completed and attempted suicide are major public health problems in most western countries. The importance of suicidal behavior as a health problem, particularly among adolescents and young adults, has been emphasized by the European Union, the WHO (Europe), as well as the Finnish authorities. Due to the exceptionally high suicide mortality, suicide prevention has been one of the main targets of Finnish health policy since the late 1980s. However, to develop feasible strategies for suicide prevention, better knowledge of the phenomenon of self-destruction is necessary. The Department of Mental Health of the National Public Health Institute has been actively involved in suicide research and the development of suicide strategies both in Finland and western Europe since 1986. The success is based on a long tradition of suicide research in Finland, the representative and reliable suicide data, a highly motivated research group, and also the necessary economic support by both the National Public Health Institute and the Finnish Academy. This article outlines our groups research plan for the next few years.     

楔横轧机液压压下系统模拟实验装置

楔横轧机液压压下模拟实验装置,可以模拟实际系统进行的参数选择,各种控制方法的实验.其结果对楔横轧机液压压下系统的设计、改进有参考价值.主要介绍该模拟实验装置的组成、建模过程及性能分析.     

Imitative response tendencies following observation of intransitive actions.

Clear and unequivocal evidence shows that observation of object affordances or transitive actions facilitates the activation of a compatible response. By contrast, the evidence showing response facilitation following observation of intransitive actions is less conclusive because automatic imitation and spatial compatibility have been confounded. Three experiments tested whether observation of a finger movement (i.e., an intransitive action) in a choice reaction-time task facilitates the corresponding finger movement response because of imitation, a common spatial code, or some combination of both factors. The priming effects of a spatial and an imitative stimulus were tested in combination (Experiment 1), in opposition (Experiment 2), and independently (Experiment 3). Contrary to previous findings, the evidence revealed significant contributions from both automatic imitation and spatial compatibility, but the priming effects from an automatic tendency to imitate declined significantly across a block of trials whereas the effects of spatial compatibility remained constant or increased slightly. These differential effects suggest that priming associated with automatic imitation is mediated by a different regime than priming associated with spatial compatibility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

实验室模拟工业喂丝法的数据处理

以钢液中铵盐脱铜实验为例,分析了实验过程中引起坩埚内钢液质量变化的几种因素,对模拟工业喂丝法的铵盐脱铜实验数据进行了重新处理,得出了更为合理的钢液中铜含量与脱铜剂加入量之间的关系并与处理前实验结果进行了对比.     

Imitative Learning of Stimulus-Response and Response-Outcome Associations in Pigeons.

A novel automated procedure was used to study imitative learning in pigeons. In Experiments 1 and 2, observer pigeons witnessed a demonstrator pigeon successfully performing an instrumental discrimination in which different discriminative stimuli indicated which of 2 topographically distinct responses (R1 and R2) resulted in the delivery of seed. The observers were then presented with the discriminative stimuli and given access to the response panel. Observer pigeons' behavior during the discriminative stimuli was influenced by how the demonstrator had responded during these stimuli. In Experiment 3, observers witnessed demonstrator pigeons performing R1 for Outcome 1 and R2 for Outcome 2. Observers then received a procedure designed to devalue Outcome 1 relative to Outcome 2 and were subsequently less likely to perform R1 than R2. These results suggest that pigeons can learn both stimulus response and response-outcome associations by observation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Imitative response tendencies in patients with frontal brain lesions.

It is widely accepted that patients with frontal lesions have problems inhibiting automatic response tendencies. Whereas inhibition deficits of overlearned responses have been extensively investigated using interference tasks like the Stroop task (J. R. Stroop, 1935), it is controversial whether patients with frontal brain lesions also have problems inhibiting imitative responses. Using an interference paradigm, the present study investigated imitative response tendencies in patients with frontal lesions. In addition, it tested whether patients deficient in the inhibition of imitative responses correspondingly have problems inhibiting overlearned responses. It was found that the group with frontal lesions displayed significantly stronger imitative response tendencies than the group with nonfrontal lesions. Furthermore, it was shown that the inhibition of imitative responses is functionally unrelated to Stroop interference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

地铁受电弓用自润滑材料研究

采用粉末冶金技术制备了Cu-Sn-Ni-C自润滑衬套,烧结温度800℃、保温时间为80 min时,材料密度为6.70 g/cm3,硬度为375 HB,压溃强度为175 MPa,含油率为18.1%(质量分数);将Cu-Sn-Ni-C衬套材料在地铁受电弓上进行装机实验,经5万km运行考核,自润滑衬套内孔除少量磨损外,无碎裂和异常现象,完全满足地铁受电弓的使用要求。     

Youth suicide

Despite these recognised constraints, increased knowledge of individual and family health problems in Australia will enable nurses to make a valuable contribution to this important Australian public health issue. However, the use of primary care or public health approach alone cannot ensure patient or community involvement in changing the various social structures that cause certain groups to be at high risk for a particular health problem. The world today needs nurses who can diagnose community health problems and institute measures to protect, advance, and monitor the health of populations as a whole, nurses who can care for the sick or the disabled, nurses who can teach people to care for themselves. By understanding and integrating these concepts with the illness prevention/ health promotional tenets of primary health care. Australian nurses will become the future leaders in individual, family, and community health and also have a substantial impact on the problem of adolescent suicide in Australia.     

A note on the MMPI as a suicide predictor.

Offers comments on C. V. Leonard's (1977) article on the MMPI as a suicide predictor. Her appraisal of former studies and her consideration of the differences between individuals with different suicidal behaviors are critically evaluated. It is suggested that future research should emphasize the development of useful MMPI indices of suicidal risk and should recognize the need to cross-validate these indices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

应急预案框架下地铁防灾标识系统优化

当地铁灾害事故发生后,灾区人员有效利用防灾标识系统进行及时疏散,则是防止和减少伤亡损失的重要措施.本文对国内外大中型地铁站标识进行了系统的调研,分析了国内地铁防灾标识系统现存的问题.通过国内外防灾标识系统的比较,提出了优化的建议.最后对地铁防灾标识系统与应急预案框架系统的关系进行了初步的探讨.     

Bureacratizing suicide.

Although helpful in many ways, the Guidelines for Assessing Mental Capacity and Impaired Judgment (see record 2001-17060-009) fall short in 3 areas. First, the term capacity is poorly defined and explicated. Second, the inevitable role of the evaluator's own values is given short shrift. Finally, the Guidelines rely too heavily on lists and formal test without guidance about what is most important. This failure threatens to further burden dying patients with unwanted and unnecessary bureaucratic intrusion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)