The environmental impact of building materials in the North American building industry

The goal in selecting environmentally-sound building products is to maximize use to recycled materials, and to ensure that, mining, harvesting and extracting raw materials does not pose a threat to existing resources of endangered species. The amount of energy that goes into the material at every stage of its life-cycle should be minimized, as should the amount of waste generated.     

A study regarding the environmental impact analysis of the building materials production process (in Turkey)

Because of the negative impact of buildings on the environment, building materials and, particularly, their production process are important factors. However, this impact differs from country to country and according to ecological applications in place at the production plants. Depending on the success rate of these applications, impact on environment during production of building materials is reduced. Turkey plays a major role in production of building materials, and consequently, the impacts of the global environmental problems are also experienced in this country. Therefore, reducing the environmental impact of any kind is a prominent issue, regionally and globally.     

A rational approach to the harmonisation of the thermal properties of building materials

The Energy System Research Unit at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow was contracted by the Building Research Establishment to review existing datasets of thermo-physical properties of building materials and devise vetting and conflation mechanisms. The UK Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers subsequently commissioned a project to extract a sub-set of these data for inclusion in Guide A, Section 3. This paper reports the project process and outcome. Specifically, it describes the source of existing data, comments on the robustness of the underlying test procedures and presents a new approach to data classification and conflation.     

公路环境保护与环境影响评价

通过对公路建设环境保护深入地分析与探讨，总结归纳了公路施工、营运期环境保护工作的重点与措施，并对环境影响评价制度与方法进行了全面阐述，以提高公路建设及环境治理水平。     

Recycling value of building materials in building assessment systems

The selection of green building materials and products is by far the most controversial task in sustainable construction. Determining the merits of building materials and products in terms of their recycling value, which seems to be a simple matter, is a very controversial topic in building assessment systems. This paper suggests a method to assess energy savings by recycling building materials, which can be a potential indicator of recycling worth. The method takes account of material selection, construction and deconstruction technologies, and the frequency of recycling. The result of this study can be used in assessment tools as a factor separate from the embodied energy. Since embodied energy affects the potential recycling energy, another factor is defined, based on these two factors, in order to make it possible to compare and select materials correctly, based on their embodied energy and recycling potential.     

从环境影响评价角度谈合理进行建筑施工组织设计

简要介绍了环境影响评价制度的概念、评价内容和方法步骤以及作用,从环境影响评价的角度阐述了合理组织施工设计的重要性,并着重从施工方案选择和施工场区平面布置两方面探讨了如何从环境影响评价角度进行合理地施工组织设计.结果表明,根据环境影响评价报告中提出的各项环保措施来进行有针对性的施工组织设计,可有效降低项目建设对周围环境造成的不利影响,利于绿色施工原则的贯彻实施,具有良好的环境效益和社会效益.     

一类生态环境建材——抗菌防霉建材

人类的生存环境、居住空间受到环境污染和有害微生物的威胁,清洁、卫生、舒适的居住空间已成为人们的追求。因而抗菌建材作为一类生态环境功能建材,受到人们的青睐。本人介绍了可用于抗菌建材的各类无机抗菌材料及利用这些抗菌材料制作的一些不同类别的抗菌建材。     

浅析建筑装饰材料运用的环境污染与防治

分析建筑装饰材料的运用给室内环境带来的污染以及污染的种类、来源和危害,针对造成室内环境污染的各种因素,提出了解决室内环境污染、加强室内环境保护问题的相应对策.     

Towards a successful voluntary building environmental assessment scheme

Voluntary building assessment schemes have emerged worldwide to help assess the environmental performance of buildings. As building environmental assessment is a rapidly evolving field, the scope and details of such assessment schemes are continuously undergoing updating and refinement. Substantial efforts have been devoted to the design and improvement of the assessment schemes to make them capable of defining an objective building profile. Although most of the existing schemes are voluntary, many fail to encourage participation of the building investors and designers. In order to widen acceptance, the design of the scheme should be oriented towards the manner in which investors make decisions. This paper provides an overview of the vital elements and changes needed, so as to make a voluntary building environmental assessment scheme more attractive and successful, and will include reforms not only in the scope and the credit weighting philosophy but also in its nature.     

A new life cycle impact assessment approach for buildings

This study examines factors resulting in an environment burden (local EB) in the region where a building is located, and suggests a method for assessing it. The environmental burden (attached EB) caused by the expansion of infrastructures, such as, roads and parking lots for supporting buildings is also considered. An integrated life cycle impact assessment approach is proposed for buildings based on social cost account, called a region-type life cycle impact assessment (R-LCIA) here, which can give not only the total environment burden on a global scale but also the environment burden in a region scale and the attached EB. Furthermore, as an example of the R-LCIA, the environmental impact of a store building is assessed, and the effects of its location, structural type, and energy system are discussed.     

沥青混凝土生命周期环境影响评价研究

沥青混凝土在生产、铺筑和废弃过程中会消耗大量的自然资源和能源,因此有必要对其开展生命周期环境影响评价.采用生命周期评价方法,对沥青混凝土生命周期过程中的资源、能源消耗及污染物排放进行了评价.结果表明,沥青混凝土生命周期中能耗最大的是拌和过程,环境负荷影响类型重要性的大小依次为:不可再生资源＞温室效应＞酸化效应＞光化学烟雾＞人体健康损害;不同生产阶段的环境影响大小依次为:原材料生产过程＞运输过程＞拌和过程＞废弃过程＞摊铺压实过程.     

科学选择建材发展绿色建筑

本文以绿色建材的特征为依据,结合节能省地型住宅与公共建筑对建筑材料的要求,论述了科学选用建筑材料的九项原则。     

The environmental impact of crude oil formation water: A multivariate approach

Water bodies receiving effluents from gas flow stations were sampled for ten months (March to December). Fifteen physicochemical parameters were monitored at six locations. Results obtained were analyzed unsing principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Five principal componets accounting for 72.43% of total variance were isolated. The first principal component was a measure of sea water intrusion, the second componet was a measure of total solids, the third component was a measure of organic pollution while the fourth and fifth principal component depicted the impact of effluent discharges. Effluents from gas flow stations were not the major causes of pollution of water resources in the locations of study. Cluster analysis showed no significant variation in the physicochemical characteristics of water samples based on location. Physicochemical parameters exhibited a seasonal pattern as a result of dilution by rainfall, reduced rate of evaporation in rainy season and dissolution of gaseous products of gas flaring in rain. Metals had no significant effect on the quality of water sampled from the six locations during the period of monitoring.     

报告之三：绿色奥运建筑评估与绿色建材评价（节选）

一、绿色奥运建筑评估体系绿色奥运建筑评估体系是国家科技部奥运科技十大专项之一,由北京市科委管理并提供资金支持。该项目于2002年11月正式启动,由清华大学主持,9个单位的40多名专家参与了课题研究,2004年2月结题。项目还获得了日本可持续建筑协会研究委员会、美国自然资源保护委员会和美国能源部的支持。绿色建筑评估体系给出了“绿色建筑”的确切概念:最大限度地节能、节水、节地、节材;最大程度减少气、液、固体废弃物对大气、水、生态循环、自然环境的破坏;营造健康舒适的人居环境,如良好的室内外环境,健康为主,适度舒适。绿色建筑评…     

Life cycle assessment of building materials: Comparative analysis of energy and environmental impacts and evaluation of the eco-efficiency improvement potential

The building industry uses great quantities of raw materials that also involve high energy consumption. Choosing materials with high content in embodied energy entails an initial high level of energy consumption in the building production stage but also determines future energy consumption in order to fulfil heating, ventilation and air conditioning demands.     

公路项目环境影响评价研究

克服现有公路建设项目环境影响评价的局限性,结合现有公路建设项目环境影响评价内容和交通环境承载力相关理论,建立评级指标体系,并运用改进层次分析法和模糊综合评价相结合的方法建立评价模型,得出公路建设项目交通环境整体承载情况,并结合实例分析证明了模型的有效性.     

高大建筑环境影响评价实例分析

以北京国贸三期工程为实例，分析了高大建筑特有的光污染、局地风场、日光遮挡等环境污染因素，从环评的角度提出了如何在工程初步设计阶段避免高大建筑对环境产生的影响。     

A fuzzy inference-based approach for building damage risk assessment on mining terrains

Reliable evaluation of risk of building damage due to the mining impact is problematic owing to the magnitude, diversity and uncertainty of factors that may affect the surface, as well as the subjective character of methods of assessing resistance of the objects. The uncertainty and ambiguity elements in the decision process can be accounted for by fuzzy inference method. This tool employed together with GIS enabled one to integrate such diverse factors affecting damage risk as surface deformations and resistance of building objects, taking into account uncertainty of data and subjectivity of evaluation of experts making the assessment.The results of investigations of the damage risk model based on fuzzy inference are presented in the paper. The successive stages of working out a fuzzy model are presented, the most important stages indicated and the choice of specific elements of the model justified. The advantages of fuzzification are presented on the example of building data subjected to the mining impact in one of the Polish mining areas.