混合压边液体内向流动动态充液拉深

为抑制液体内向流动动态充液拉深中凸缘增厚而造成的拉深阻力急剧增长,提出混合压边液体内向流动动态充液拉深新方法。对定间隙下设定恒定压边力的混合压边充液拉深压边形式实质进行分析,采用有限元研究混合压边方式下压边间隙、压边力以及径向压力的变化对成形过程的影响。研究结果表明:定间隙下设定恒定压边力的混合压边充液拉深压边形式的实质是设定压边间隙和设定压边力压边方式的混合;采用混合压边方式可以降低实际最大压边力,降低凸缘区的摩擦阻力,减少第二个谷底点的减薄率;压边力影响零件直壁部分壁厚分布,较大的压边力得到的零件直壁壁厚较薄;压边间隙的变化影响成形零件直壁壁厚分布,较小的压边间隙成形零件直壁较薄,第二个谷底点越接近零件底部。     

盒形件无模充液拉深液压加载路径的研究

凹模型腔内的液体预胀形压力和工作压力是决定充液拉深过程中能否拉深出合格零件的重要工艺参数.通过采用Dynaform软件,对无模充液拉深盒形件工艺进行数字仿真,就液体压力参数对板料成形性能影响进行分析与研究.结果表明,合理地控制凹模型腔内液体加载路径和压力参数可以有效地提高板料的成形性能和成形件质量.并由液体压力所带来的摩擦保持效应可使成形件壁厚分布均匀,一次拉深的盒形件最大相对高度可达到4.25.     

Effects of forming media on hydrodynamic deep drawing

Apart from the punch and the die, a pressurized fluid (water or oil) is used in hydroforming. The presence of such pressure media is the main difference between hydroforming and conventional deep drawing. No comprehensive study has yet been conducted on the effect of forming media on the formation of cylindrical cups via hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure. This study investigated the formation of such cups through Finite element (FE) simulation and experiments. First, the process was modeled numerically using ABAQUS FE software. After simulation, copper and St14 sheets were formed with water and oil as the forming media. The effect of these forming media on thickness distribution and maximum punch force was investigated. By examining the thickness distribution curve of the hydroformed cup, a close agreement was found between experimental and numerical results. Using oil as the forming media reduced thinning at the corner radius zone of the punch and increased the maximum punch force. Changing the forming media does not significantly influence the maximum thickening at the cup wall region.

     

数值模拟分析工艺参数与拉深件壁厚变化的关系

在分析板料拉深成形有限元理论的基础上建立数值模拟的分析模型,利用数值模拟技术系统地对拉深过程进行模拟。主要研究模具圆角半径、摩擦因数、压边力与模具间隙等工艺参数与拉深件壁厚最大变薄率的内在关系。     

汽车横梁拉深成形的有限元分析

建立了汽车横梁拉深的有限元三维模型,对其拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果对比分析,说明数值模拟方法的可行性。在此基础上讨论了摩擦润滑条件、压边力和凸模的虚拟冲压速度对板料拉深过程的影响。通过有限元模拟分析方法得到最佳压边力数值,然后通过综合分析数值模拟结果和拉深实验结果确定了实际拉深过程中的最佳压边力。结果表明,在实际拉深过程中要尽量减小模具和板料的摩擦;在模拟拉深成形时,当虚拟冲压速度大于一定值时,会使模拟结果严重失真,因此,汽车横梁拉深数值模拟时最大虚拟冲压速度不要大于2000mm／s。     

The application of abductive networks and FEM to predict the limiting drawing ratio in sheet metal forming processes

The deep drawing process, one of the sheet metal forming methods, is very useful in the industrial field because of its efficiency. The limiting drawing ratio (LDR) is affected by many material and process parameters, such as the strain-hardening exponent, the plastic strain ratio, friction and lubrication, the blank holder force, the presence of drawbeads, the profile radius of the die and punch, etc. In order to verify the finite element method (FEM) simulation results of the LDR, the experimental data are compared with the results of the current simulation. The influences of the process parameters such as the blank holder force, the profile radius of the die, the clearance between the punch and the die, and the friction coefficient on the LDR are also examined. The abductive network was then applied to synthesize the data sets obtained from the numerical simulation. The predicted results of the LDR from the prediction model are in good agreement with the results obtained from the FEM simulation. By employing the predictive model, it can provide valuable references to the prediction of the LDR under a suitable range of process parameters.     

圆筒形件拉深失稳及各因素影响分析

对板料成形中圆筒形件拉深的破裂失稳及产生破裂失稳的临界压边力进行研究.由于凸、凹模圆角及其间隙的存在,圆筒形件拉深的筒壁区实际为凸、凹模圆角之间的公切线部分.根据Mises-Hill屈服函数及Tresca准则求出凸缘变形区、凹模圆角区和筒壁区的应力分布,得到危险断面处的应力表达式,从而求出不产生破裂失稳的临界压边力的解析表达式,并进一步分析获得拉深比、硬化指数、厚向异性系数、摩擦因数以及径向推力等因素对临界压边力的影响规律.采用液压压边与周缘加径向推力的拉深模具对08Al板料进行拉深试验,试验结果与理论计算结果具有很好的一致性.     

镀层薄板拉深过程中镀层厚度变化影响因素分析

对镀层板料拉深成圆筒件的过程进行模拟及试验研究,得到了圆筒件各部分镀层厚度的变化规律。选取镀层最薄处厚度为镀层质量评价因素,利用LS-DYNA软件,基于正交法分析了拉深过程中的主要工艺参数（压边力、凹模圆角半径、凸模入口圆角半径和摩擦因数）对镀层厚度变化的影响规律,并结合拉深机理对其进行了深入研究,得到了所选工艺参数的最优组合。     

先进充液柔性成形技术及其关键参数研究

基于所提出的具有均匀压边力并轴向加压的板材充液柔性成形技术,面向板材液压柔性成形技术的普遍规律,成形出拉深比较高的铝合金筒形件以及其他复杂形状的零件如方锥盒形件、方盒形件、轴对称锥形件等,对其中的关键技术如初始液压加载状态、液压加载最优路径、破裂控制等一些关键参数进行了研究和优化;考虑板平面方向性系数的影响,利用数值模拟的手段对其成形过程进行了分析,指导实验研究,得出了有益的结论。     

Study on coolant-induced hydrodynamic pressure in contact zone while deep grinding with CBN wheels

The use of coolant has been considered an effective way to avoid workpiece burn in the grinding process. Hydrodynamic pressure induced by coolant in the contact zone is always measured to characterize the coolant condition in the contact zone. In this study, grinding experiments with a cubic boron nitride wheel were first performed to determine the evolution of hydrodynamic pressure during the grinding process. The experimental results showed that when burn happened, hydrodynamic pressure was at a low level and decreased gradually while the temperature and power signals fluctuated sharply. A theoretical calculation model and a 3D air–liquid two-phase numerical simulation model were subsequently constructed to predict the hydrodynamic pressure. Both theoretical calculation and numerical simulation results showed that the hydrodynamic pressure in such a case is in inverse proportion to the gap distance between the wheel and the workpiece. The theoretical calculation results are higher than the numerical simulation results. Furthermore, the experimental results correspond to the results of the 3D air–liquid two-phase simulation, which confirms the validity of this simulation. This article presents an accurate approach to predict hydrodynamic pressure, which provides an effective analytical method of studying and avoiding workpiece burn.     

基于熵权综合评价法的动力电池壳首道次拉深成形参数优化

针对某动力电池壳首道次拉深成形过程中的起皱、破裂、厚度不均匀和模具接触力大的问题,提出了一种基于熵权的综合评价法对其进行多目标工艺参数优化来提高首道次成形质量。选取压边力、凹模圆角半径、凸模圆角半径、模具间隙、摩擦因数为影响因素,以最大减薄率、最大增厚率、最大凸模接触力、最大厚度差为评价指标,进行正交试验仿真。在此基础上应用熵值法和综合评价法,获得了最优的工艺参数组合,提高了动力电池壳首道次成形质量。     

盘形件增量拉深成形过程的数值模拟

增量拉深成形由于旋转的模具与坯料接触区域的不断变化而一直是数值模拟的难点,为此用Deform-3D有限元软件对为A1100铝合金的盘形件增量拉深过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明:增量拉深成形凸模的受力与传统拉深工艺相比大大降低,据此得到了凸模受力图和板料应变云图,每一步凸模受力峰值和坯料等效应变值与已有的盘形件工艺试验研究结果一致.     

矩形盒拉深时变压边力的数值模拟

建立了矩形盒拉深成形的三维仿真分析模型，并将其与实验结果进行了对比验证。在概述压边力在生产过程中的用途和意义的基础上，讨论了变压边力对薄板拉深成形过程的影响，利用DYNAFORM模拟软件研究了随拉深时间和压边圈位置变化的压边力对拉深成形质量的影响，得到了相应的数值模拟结果，为实际生产过程中合理调节压边力的大小提供了理论依据。研究表明，采用变压边力控制技术可以显著改善矩形盒的成形性能。     

一种测量板料拉深摩擦因数的传感器设计

针对板料拉深成形中如何测量板料法兰处真实摩擦分布情况以及如何评价润滑剂好坏的难题,设计了一套基于电阻应变计和双层悬臂梁原理的探针组合式传感器安装于拉深凹模中,用来实时测量板料法兰上一点处所受的垂向正向力和径向切向力,可计算出该测量点处的实时摩擦因数.试验证明：该传感器能真实地反映板料拉深成形过程中法兰平面上的实际摩擦分布情况.     

基于径向基神经网络杯形件拉深成形变压边力预测技术研究

分析了RBF神经网络的预测策略和方法,并建立了板料拉深成形的变压边力预测神经网络模型.采用正交设计法进行样本参数的制定,利用板材成形CAE软件Dynaform获得训练数据,利用被训练好的神经网络对薄板成形过程中变压边力的预测技术进行了研究.数值模拟结果表明,此方法对拉深成形变压边力的预测是可行的.     

板材充液拉深动态加载系统开发与应用

液室压力和压边力加载路径是充液拉深工艺中决定零件成形质量的关键工艺参数。针对传统被动加压方式加载路径单一,液室压力较低,不能满足复杂结构零件和高强度材料的成形要求,提出采用闭环控制技术实时调节液室压力和压边力的动态加载方式。设计可控压边和高压增压系统,并应用基于上、下位机的检测控制系统实时调节凸模速度、压边力和液室压力满足设定的工艺参数。在动态加载系统上进行异型结构不锈钢零件的充液拉深试验,动态加载路径下试验件一次整体成形,且表面质量好,贴模精度高。结果表明,充液拉深动态加载系统能够实现复杂加载轨迹和局部高压,适用于复杂结构和高强度材料零件的成形制造。     

板料颗粒介质软凹模成形颗粒运动规律研究

分析了板料颗粒或粉末介质软凹模成形工艺的特点。以宽板弯曲为例,在基本假设的基础上,建立板料颗粒介质软凹模成形过程中颗粒运动的有限元基本模型,对弯曲过程中颗粒的运动规律进行了有限元分析,并对筒形件颗粒软凹模拉深成形过程中颗粒的运动过程进行了物理模拟。在数值模拟与物理试验模拟研究的基础上,得到了颗粒介质软凹模成形过程中颗粒运动的基本规律,建立了板料颗粒介质软凹模成形颗粒运动的分区模型,为该工艺的实际应用提供了理论依据。     

Hydro-rim deep-drawing processes of hardening and rate-sensitive materials

The conventional deep drawing process is limited to a certain limit drawing ratio (LDR) beyond which rupture will ensue. An asymptotic solution of the complete governing equations of this process indicates that this relatively low LDR results from the steep build-up of radial tensile stress with maximum value at the die lip. This tensile stress is significantly enhanced by interfacial friction along the die/flange and by high speed of the operating load and thus holds responsible for premature ruptures. The intention of this work is to examine the possibilities of relaxing the above limitation, aiming towards a process with an ‘unlimited drawing ratio’. The ideas which may lead to this goal are:(a) exerting an external fluid pressure on the outside rim of the blank (“Hydro-rim process”) to reduce radial stress and to decrease, in parallel, the interfacial friction,(b) increasing the blank temperature to a level at which the material is more rate sensitive, and thus less prone to early failure. The benefits of these ideas are examined via parametric analysis of the solution and with experiments in deep drawing processes.A clear outcome from the solution is that if changes in the material properties (strain hardening, strain-rate sensitivity, yield stress, etc.) can be controlled, say, by controlling the temperature and/or the operating speed, the process can reach higher drawing ratios with substantially less assisted fluid pressure.     

Investigation of hydrodynamic deep drawing for conical�Ccylindrical cups

Forming conical parts is one of the complex and difficult fields in sheet-metal forming processes. Because of low-contact area of the sheet with punch tip in the initial stages of forming, bursting occurs on the sheet. Moreover, since most of the sheet surface in the area between the punch tip and blank holder is free, wrinkles appear on the wall of the drawing part. Thus, these parts are normally formed in industry by spinning, explosive forming, or multi-stage deep drawing processes. In this paper, forming pure copper and St14 conical?Ccylindrical cups in the hydrodynamic deep drawing process was studied using finite element (FE) simulation and experiment. The effect of pressure path on the occurrence of defects and thickness distribution and drawing ratio of the sheet was studied. It was concluded that at low pressures, bursting occurs on the contact area of sheet with punch tip. At higher pressures, the cup was formed, but the wall thickness distribution depends on the pressure path. It was also illustrated that for the pressure path with a certain maximum amount, the workpiece was formed adequately with minimum sheet thickness reduction. Internal pressures more than this maximum amounts did not affect on the thickness distribution. By applying the desired pressure path, conical?Ccylindrical cups with high deep drawing ratio were achieved.     

游动芯头拉拔模具锥角优化的数值模拟

采用非线性有限元软件对铜管游动芯头拉拔工艺中不同配合锥角的模具受力情况和铜管表面的受力情况进行了数值模拟和分析，推断企业目前使用的模具锥角配合是否合理，以分析当前模具锥角配合是否为影响模具寿命的主要原因。