Physical properties of crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag and numerical representation of its morphology characteristics

Physical properties and geometrical morphologies of crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag (SCR) and crushed limestone (LCR) were comparatively investigated. The shape, angularity, surface texture and internal pore structure of aggregate particles for different size and gradation were numerically represented by sphericity (ψ) and shape index (SI), angularity number (AN), index of aggregate particle shape and texture (IAPST), porosity and pore size, respectively. The results show that SCR is a porous and rough aggregate. Apparent density, void, water absorption and smashing index of SCR are obviously higher than those of LCR with the same gradation, respectively. However, bulk density of SCR is lower than that of LCR with the same gradation. SI, AN, IAPST and porosity of SCR are obviously higher than those of LCR with the same gradation, respectively. The smaller particle size of SCR, the larger of its AN, IAPST and porosity.     

颗粒整形对再生粗骨料混凝土工作性和强度的影响

试验研究了简单破碎再生粗骨料和颗粒整形再生粗骨料40%,70%和100%取代天然骨料,对混凝土工作性和强度的影响.结果表明：在相同取代率情况下,简单破碎再生粗骨料混凝土用水量较多、强度较差,颗粒整形再生粗骨料混凝土的用水量比简单破碎再生粗骨料混凝土显著降低,强度明显提高;随着取代率的增加,简单破碎再生混凝土的用水量增加较多、强度下降较大,而颗粒整形再生混凝土用水量略有增加且强度稍有降低,但是完全取代时的用水量和强度仍接近天然粗骨料混凝土.     

粉煤灰与再生骨料对自密实再生混凝土的影响

为了分析自密实再生骨料混凝土与自密实天然骨料混凝土的力学性能差异,以粉煤灰掺量与再生骨料特性为研究因素进行对比试验.结果表明:粉煤灰掺量为25%时,自密实再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度最大,但拉压比最小;提高再生骨料的原生混凝土强度使自密实再生混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和拉压比均增大,但轴心抗压强度几乎无变化;当粉煤灰掺量低于50%时,再生骨料的原生混凝土强度对自密实再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度几乎无影响.     

老砂浆对再生混凝土力学性能影响模拟试验

再生混凝土和普通混凝土的内在区别主要在于老砂浆的存在与否,为了能够准确把握再生混凝土的力学性能和影响因素,从老砂浆入手,研究其强度、含量和分布特点。将原始混凝土剔除骨料制备成砂浆试块,并研究其力学性能,将原始混凝土破碎制成再生粗集料并制备成再生混凝土,研究其力学性能和破坏形态,并根据切割断面研究再生集料中老砂浆含量和分布,分析老砂浆对再生混凝土力学性能的影响。     

Cement treated recycled demolition waste as a road base material

To enhance the performance of mix granulate road base courses by cement treatment. The mechanical properties of cement treated mix granulate (CTMG) were studied, which was designed with 65% crushed masonry and 35% crushed concrete by mass. The central composite design was employed to prepare specimens with different levels of cement content and degree of compaction. All specimens were cured in a fog room at 20°C for a specific number of days. The compressive strength and the indirect tensile strength were determined through the monotonic compression and indirect tension tests. Effective prediction models for the mechanical properties of CTMG, in relation to the cement content, the degree of compaction and the curing time, were successfully established for a mix containing 65% crushed masonry and 35% crushed concrete by mass.     

Application of Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag Aggregates as Replacement of Natural Aggregates in Cement-based Materials:A Study on Water Absorption Property

The influence of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates as replacement of natural aggregates on the water absorption of concrete and mortar was studied, and the mechanism was analyzed. The interface between aggregate and matrix in concrete was analyzed by using a micro-hardness tester, a laser confocal microscope and a scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron image mode. The pore structure of mortar matrixes under different curing conditions was investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results showed that when natural aggregates were replaced with air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates in mortar or concrete, the content of the capillary pore in the mortar matrix was reduced and the interfacial structure between aggregate and matrix was improved, resulting in the lower water absorption of mortar or concrete. Compared to the concrete made with crushed limestone and natural river sand, the initial absorption coefficient, the secondary absorption coefficient and the water absorption capacity through the surface for 7 d of the concrete made from crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag and air-cooled blast furnace slag sand were reduced by 48.9%, 52.8%, and 46.5%, respectively.     

钢渣与废旧轮胎颗粒混凝土的强度与收缩变形性能

为研究钢渣部分或全部替代天然集料对混凝土基本力学性能和体积变形行为的影响,对使用不同种类集料混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度、干缩变形和早期塑性开裂进行了试验研究。结果表明:钢渣取代天然集料将使抗折强度稍微降低而抗压强度有一定提高,也将显著改善混凝土的早期塑性开裂行为;废旧轮胎胶粉颗粒取代10%细集料能够显著降低全级配钢渣集料混凝土的膨胀、普通混凝土的干燥收缩,也将使混凝土的强度有所降低;弹性废旧轮胎胶粉颗粒的使用,可以改善钢渣混凝土的体积变形。     

不同再生骨料取代率的再生混凝土性能试验研究

再生混凝土是一种循环再利用建筑拆毁废弃物的实用而经济的材料,现已受到广泛地关注和讨论.为了更有效地应用再生混凝土材料,有必要对其基本性能进行研究,特别是为了指导在灾后重建中的应用,应该对来自灾区的再生骨料及其加工成的再生混凝土的性能进行研究.文中,试验测试了来自灾区再生骨料的物理和力学性能.通过不同再生混凝土的配合比设计,对比研究了具有不同再生骨料取代率的再生混凝土的力学性能以及不同龄期的再生混凝土强度.研究结果表明,再生骨料与天然骨料确实存在着一定的差别,比如表现在,再生骨料具有较高的孔隙率,其吸水率比天然骨料高出3.5倍,其密度比天然骨料降低10%,但具备可以接受的强度和表观形状.具有不同再生骨料取代率的再生混凝土表现出比天然混凝土具有更小的密度,抗压强度和抗拉强度.并且再生骨料取代率越高,其值降低越大.通过对不同龄期的再生混凝土的强度变化的研究,发现由于再生混凝土中再生骨料吸收的水分会随水泥水化作用缓慢地释放出来,从而促进了再生混凝土强度的发展,最后甚至可能超过天然混凝土的强度.另外,通过对试块受压破坏截面情况的观察,分析得到了再生混凝土和天然混凝土的失效模式.试验结果为进一步研究再生混凝土填充的中空钢管结构提供了参考.     

Preparation and properties of geopolymer-lightweight aggregate refractory concrete

Geopolymer-lightweight aggregate refractory concrete (GLARC) was prepared with geopolymer and lightweight aggregate. The mechanical property and heat-resistance (950 °C) of GLARC were investigated. The effects of size of aggregate and mass ratio of geopolymer to aggregate on mechanical and thermal properties were also studied. The results show that the highest compressive strength of the heated refractory concrete is 43.3 MPa, and the strength loss is only 42%. The mechanical property and heat-resistance are influenced by the thickness of geopolymer covered with aggregate, which can be expressed as the quantity of geopolymer on per surface area of aggregate. In order to show the relationship between the thickness of geopolymer covered with aggregate and the thermal property of concrete, equal thickness model is presented, which provides a reference for the mix design of GLARC. For the haydite sand with size of 1.18–4.75 mm, the best amount of geopolymer per surface area of aggregate should be in the range of 0.300–0.500 mg/mm².     

围压及粗骨料对超高强混凝土抗压性能的影响

为研究围压大小和粗骨料类型对超高强混凝土抗压性能的影响,对分别含不同类型粗骨料(玄武岩、石英岩、大理岩),相同配合比的超高强混凝土试样和其基体砂浆试样在六档围压(0、5、10、20、40、70 MPa)下进行常规三轴试验.试验结果表明:粗骨料类型对超高强混凝土试样的峰值应力、弹性模量影响显著;与基体砂浆试样相比,相同轴向应力下含粗骨料超高强混凝土试样的变形明显减小;超高强混凝土的峰值点轴向应变随围压呈线性增长,破坏形态在不同围压下呈现三种类型,0围压下的劈裂破坏、5～40 MPa围压下的剪切破坏、70 MPa围压下的挤压流动破坏;峰值应力的增长速率随围压的升高逐渐变慢,含粗骨料超高强混凝土的增长速率在低围压下高于其基体砂浆试样,而在40～70 MPa围压下两者基本趋于同一速率;不同骨料对裂缝的扩展呈现不同的阻挡作用,裂缝穿越大理岩的比例远大于石英岩.分别用Mohr-Coulomb准则与Ansari准则拟合试样的抗压强度数据,结果表明Ansari准则较Mohr-Coulomb准则更精确地反映混凝土强度随围压的变化趋势.     

天然与再生集料透水混凝土对比试验

为了开发具有可接受的透水性和强度的透水混凝土,使用天然和再生集料,采用最佳的混合比例制备透水混凝土,对透水混凝土进行孔隙率、渗透系数、抗压及抗弯强度试验,研究了再生集料对总孔隙率、强度和渗透性的影响.同时,在混合料中引入了丁苯橡胶类可再分散性聚合物粉末(RPP)和胶乳(Latex)以提高其强度特性.试验结果表明:掺加再生集料的透水混凝土总孔隙率比采用天然集料的透水混凝土孔隙率要高;无论何种集料类别,聚合物改性剂的添加使得总孔隙率略有降低;使用再生集料透水混凝土的抗压强度低于使用天然集料的透水混凝土;然而,当使用聚合物改性剂时,采用天然和再生集料透水混凝土的抗压强度分别提高57%和79%;再生集料及最佳聚合物掺量的使用可以生产出具有足够排水和强度特性的透水混凝土.     

不同骨料级配透水混凝土的性能研究及其孔隙识别

依据体积堆积理论采用5~10、10~15、15~20 mm单粒级的碎石骨料设计和配制孔隙率分别为15%、20%、25%的透水混凝土,利用相关数学模型探究实测孔隙率与透水混凝土性能相关性,通过平面孔隙二值化识别透水混凝土内部孔隙结构特征。结果表明:透水混凝土的实测孔隙率能达到设计孔隙率的90%以上,与表观密度呈现良好的线性关系,与透水系数和抗压强度均呈现良好的幂函数关系。设计孔隙率的变化对骨料粒径较小的透水混凝土的透水性能影响较大,较小的骨料粒径有利于增加透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度,较大的骨料粒径有利于增加透水混凝土的透水系数。设计孔隙率与骨料粒径的增大均能使透水混凝土内部孔隙等效直径增大,降低孔隙曲折度,改变骨料级配,但骨料粒径的影响作用更为明显,二者的作用机理不同。     

旧建筑物拆除中废旧砖瓦的资源化途径

利用旧建筑物拆除垃圾中的碎砖块作集料生产多排孔轻质砌块,其强度符合用户要求,且保温隔热性能较好;利用废旧丝切砖和模具制砖作粗骨料配制成的再生混凝土砌块,可用来砌筑载重墙体;利用废砖瓦替代骨料配制再生轻集料混凝土和耐热混凝土,可替代部分骨料拌制砂浆,还可作为免烧砌筑水泥和再生烧砖瓦的原料．     

骨料对透水混凝土性能的影响

试验研究了骨料品种、骨料粒径对透水混凝土主要性能的影响。试验结果表明：在相同骨料粒径的情况下,由碎石骨料配置的透水混凝土总孔隙率和透水系数明显大于卵石骨料配置的透水混凝土,碎石的强度变化幅度比卵石的变化幅度明显;随着骨料粒径的增大两种骨料配置的透水混凝土的孔隙率、透水系数均有所增大,在同一配合比情况下,随着骨料粒径的增大透水混凝土的强度呈非线性变化,且存在最佳粒径尺寸。     

再生混凝土基本力学性能试验分析

进行了再生混凝土配合比设计,完成了再生混凝土基本力学性能相关试验,并以天然骨料混凝土作为基准进行对比,主要研究了再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度、立方体劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度的影响因素及变化规律。通过试验数据的统计回归,建立了再生混凝土抗压强度公式,给出了再生混凝土各项强度指标之间关系式。     

混凝土细观分析中随机多边形骨料生成方法

提出了一种以改进面积判别准则和凸多边形生成方式为基础的二维混凝土骨料随机生成算法。通过对骨料延伸条件的改进和定点位置条件的限定,改进了程序的可执行性,提高了随机多边形骨料的生成效率;通过轴向拉压计算实例对比分析了圆形和多边形骨料对于混凝土试件单轴抗拉、抗压力学性能的影响。结果表明：圆形骨料试件抗拉、抗压能力略高于多边形骨料试件,骨料形状对混凝土试件拉压力学性能数值模拟结果的影响很小。     

含泥硅质石屑-石灰加气混凝土试验研究

利用不同含泥量的硅质石屑作为硅质材料与石灰钙质材料进行水热合成反应制备B05、B06级加气混凝土。通过配合比设计、发气研究、加气混凝土性能测试，得出了用不同含泥量石屑制备加气混凝土的适宜配方及关键工艺参数；并通过XRD、SEM等测试手段，探讨了含泥硅质石屑-石灰加气混凝土的微观结构。研究结果表明，含泥硅质石屑-石灰体系水热合成反应后，水化产物为低结晶度的水化硅酸钙、托贝莫来石和水石榴石，并形成了均匀密实的加气混凝土结构。     

Mechanical Properties and ITZ Microstructure of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Carbonated Recycled Coarse Aggregate

The effect of carbonation treatment and mixing method on the mechanical properties and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was investigated. Properties of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) were tested firstly. Then, five types of concretes were made and slump of fresh concrete was measured immediately after mixing. Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of hardened concrete were measured at 28 d. Meanwhile, the microstructure of RAC was analyzed by backscattered electron (BSE) image. It was found that the water absorption ratio of carbonated recycled concrete aggregate (CRCA) was much lower when compared to the untreated RCA. Comparatively, the apparent density of CRCA was not significantly modified. The concrete strength results indicate that the mix CRAC-2 prepared with CRCA by adopting two-stage mixing approach shows the highest compressive strength value compared to the other mixes. The microstructural analysis demonstrate that the mix CRAC-2 has a much denser old ITZ than the untreated RAC because of the chemical reaction between CO₂ and the hydration products of RCA. This study confirms that the ITZ microstructure of RAC can be efficiently modified by carbonation treatment of RCA and encourages broadening the application of construction and demolition wastes.     

An Improvement in Electrical Properties of Asphalt Concerete

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贫混凝土基层力学特性

目的研究贫混凝土基层的力学特性和材料特性．方法通过室内配合比试验,测定了强度特性、浸水、干湿循环和冲刷稳定性等．结果贫混凝土强度随水泥用量的增加而增大,振捣贫混凝土强度与水泥用量符合良好的对数关系,碎石贫混凝土强度高于砂砾贫混凝土;多孔贫混凝土的强度与空隙率有关,空隙率越小,强度越大,碎石多孔贫混凝土强度大于砂砾多孔贫混凝土．经过浸水试验、干湿循环试验,贫混凝土基层强度基本保持不变,抗冲刷性能优于其他基层材料．结论贫混凝土基层具有优异的强度特性和良好的稳定性．