聚合物夹层复合板材性能及成型技术研究进展

夹层复合板是一种高强轻质的复合板材。主要包括蜂窝夹层结构与泡沫夹层结构。夹层复合板材广泛应用于航空航天领域。早期的夹层板材以金属材料为主。随着聚合物工业的加速发展,聚合物材料以及纤维增强聚合物也成为夹层复合板材的主要材料。主要介绍各种以聚合物为原材料制成的蜂窝夹层板材和泡沫夹层板材的性能、成型技术和应用领域。     

南京绝缘材料厂引进美国玻璃钢板材连续生产线

南京绝缘材料厂利用中国银行外资,用租贷形式,从美国索亥俄化学公司引进一套“飞龙”〔FJLON〕玻璃钢板材连续生产线和该公司全部配套的“秀马”〔Silmar〕不饱和聚酯树脂生产技术。共用外汇185万美元。合同于85年4月29日生效。引进的美国FILON板材生产线可生产标准板材、坚韧板材、采光—E板材、温室板材、胶衣讯号板材五大类、128个规格、品     

卫浴板材表面特性及粘接性分析

采用全反射红外光谱、扫描电镜及接触角测量仪表征了5种卫浴板材的表面特性,并采用平拉法测量了板材与FRP之间的粘接力。结果表明板材与FRP之间的粘接强度与水在板材表面的接触角大小呈负相关关系。75°接触角为近似临界点。接触角在75°以上,板材与FRP之间的结合力弱。接触角在75°以下,板材与FRP之间的结合力强。     

钛板冲网试验总结

一、试验内容及过程 1、内容 (1)板材横向同板差的影响 (2)板材拉伸强度的影响 (3)单倍尺板材及倍尺板材的影响 (4)同张板材退火不均的影响 (5)板材矫直的影响 (6)纵向冲网的影响     

爆破处理对赤桉板材干燥速度的影响

对赤桉板材在压力为0.8MPa,温度为95℃的条件下进行爆破预处理,并与未处理板材的干燥速度作对比研究。爆破处理后赤桉板材含水率有所下降,与未爆破的赤桉板材相比,渗透性和干燥速度有明显的提高。当含水率在50%～30%时,爆破处理过的赤桉板材和未爆破处理过的赤桉板材的含水率降低速度最快;当含水率在纤维饱和点以下时,爆破处理对赤桉板材干燥速度的改善效果不显著。同时在该试验压力下,赤桉板材的力学强度没有降低,说明爆破预处理没有影响赤桉板材的宏观结构,具有一定的可行性。     

挤塑ABS板材性能测试方法与指标的探讨

在制订挤塑丙烯腈——丁二烯——苯乙烯(ABS)板材(以下简称 ABS 板材)国家标准时,我们大量调查和搜集了国内外有关资料,对国产16种规格 ABS 板材进行了性能实验,获得2000多个实验数据,经整理分析后,确定了 ABS 板材性能试验方法和指标的国家标准。实验数据证明:我国16种规格 ABS 板材的性能指标达到了日本和西德 ABS 板材的水平。ABS 板材国际标准、日本标准和西德标准中的性能试验方法可供借鉴。     

渡槽橡胶支座中氯丁橡胶板材在外界条件下的老化规律

以渡槽橡胶支座的氯丁橡胶(CR)板材为主要研究对象,根据工程现场实际情况,拟定了室内老化试验因素为温度、p H值、紫外线、有机溶剂和荷载,考察了各种因素对橡胶板材物理机械性能及形变的影响。结果表明,使用温度越高,CR板材老化速率越快;CR板材的耐液性及耐弱酸碱能力较佳;紫外线的长期照射会加速CR板材的老化;CR板材在无水乙醇浸泡后物理机械性能稍有下降的趋势;荷载在短期内对CR板材的物理机械性能没有影响;CR板材在加载之后,随着时间的延长,形变缓慢增大并逐渐趋向稳定;在达到一定形变之前,随荷载的增大,CR板材的形变有一个明显增大的突变,在一定荷载之后进行定量卸载,形变变化量不大,当完全卸载之后,CR板材迅速恢复至原厚度。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料复合板的应用

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料与金属板组成复合板材，具有聚苯乙烯发泡板材各项特性，又具有金属板材的刚性，是当今较为理想的建筑材料。     

板材级ABS的产品性能及挤出成型工艺研究

对比并分析了国内市场常用板材级ABS树脂与通用级ABS树脂的性能特点，介绍了挤出板材的工艺流程和工艺条件，并对ABS板材挤出成型工艺的影响参数及控制要点进行了讨论，分析探讨了AgS板材从粒料干燥到板材冷却定型的各种工艺参数、影响因素及其控制要点，归纳总结了挤出成型ABS板材的各种质量缺陷、产生原因及其相应的对策措施。     

表面处理对木粉增强PVC发泡复合板材性能的影响

研究表面处理的木粉对发泡聚氯乙烯(PVC)板材的增强改性效果。使用铝酸酯偶联剂、丙烯酸丁酯预聚物对木粉进行表面处理，将其混合到聚氯乙烯发泡板材配料中进行板材加工生产，结果表明，经处理的木粉能提高发泡PVC板材的拉伸强度和冲击强度。用铝酸酯偶联剂处理木粉的发泡板材力学性能好于用丙烯酸丁酯预聚物处理的板材；而用丙烯酸丁酯预聚物处理木粉的复合材料在流变加工性能优于用铝酸酯处理木粉的复合材料。     

水玻璃—矿渣水泥的水化性能研究

用ＤＴＡ，ＦＴ－ＩＲ，ＴＭＳ－ＧＣ法等综合研究了水玻璃－矿渣水泥的强度和水化性能，发现该水泥强度发展有反复，并且水玻璃对矿渣的激发作用有双重性。玻璃态矿渣必须先解聚再水化。     

掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土抗压强度和抗渗性的影响

主要研究了掺合料[m(矿渣):m(粉煤灰)=2:1]、水灰比对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土抗压强度、抗渗性的影响,并与普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土进行对比。结果表明掺合料使硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土早期和后期强度都明显降低,抗渗性降低,且掺量越高,其抗压强度、抗渗性降低越明显;另外,硫铝酸盐水泥基、普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土的抗压强度、抗渗性都随着水灰比的减小,其抗压强度、抗渗性明显提高。     

城市零星低放废液水泥固化技术

根据国家环保局下达的任务,为固化我国城市零星低放废液,选择了合适的水泥和外加剂。从固化体的抗压强度、电子显微镜、X射线衍射,差热分析和压汞测孔分析等实验结果说明,525矿渣水泥及外加剂C在干养护条件下,无论用自来水、PH>4的酸溶液或8％NaCO_3碱溶液调和,均能满足固化要求。当某些低放废液的酸度或碱度过高时,应将溶液预先中和后再固化。     

混凝土中未水化水泥后期水化的危害研究

长期以来，水泥混凝土科技发展以提高强度为主，但事实证明高强度不一定就会有高耐久性。提高混凝土强度的首选方法便是降低水灰比，认为降低水灰比能减少结构缺陷，提高混凝土的强度与耐久性。但对于纯水泥混凝土而言，水灰比越低，混凝土的水化程度就越低，其中的未水化水泥量就越大。在混凝土充分硬化后，未水化水泥的后期水化作用，将对纯水泥高强混凝土结构产生破坏作用，而且水灰比越低，这种破坏作用越严重。     

Hydration and durability of sulphate-resisting and slag cement blends in Caron's Lake water

The problem of aggressive attack of sulphate and chloride ions has been of considerable scientific and technological interest because this attack is one of the factors responsible for damage to concrete. The corrosive action of chlorides is due to the formation of chloroaluminate hydrates, which causes softening of concrete. Sulphate ions can enter into chemical reactions with certain constituents of concrete, producing sulphoaluminate hydrates and gypsum, which cause the expansion of concrete. The aim of the present work is to study the hydration and the durability of mixed cement (sulphate-resisting and slag cement blends) pastes and mortars in Caron's Lake water. Different mixes of sulphate-resisting cement (SRC) with various proportions of slag cement were prepared and immersed in tap water for 3, 7, 28 and 90 days. The durability of the cement mortars was followed by curing the samples in tap water for 28 days (zero time) then immersed in Caron's Lake water for 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The hydration behavior was measured by the determination of the compressive strength, free lime, evaporable and nonevaporable water, total chloride and total sulphate contents at each curing time. The increase of substitution of SRC with blast-furnace slag cement (BFSC) up to 30% increases slightly the total pore volume. The free lime contents decrease sharply in the first months of immersion then slightly up to 1 year. The blended cement pastes made of SRC with BFSC up to 30 mass% have lower values of total chloride and total sulphate, while the mortars containing only SRC have lower values of compressive strength than those of all blended cement mortars at all curing ages of immersion under Caron's Lake water. Useful conclusions and recommendations concerning the use of 70 mass% of SRC with 30 mass% slag cement produces a highly durable mixed cement.     

斜板溶气气浮处理油田采出水的试验研究

以某油田采出水为原水,研究了气浮池内部下向流斜板装置与回流比对气浮运行效果的影响。试验结果表明,斜板装置与回流比均对气浮效果影响很大,而且加入斜板装置对油田采出水中的含油量、SS的净化效率高。斜板板间距为60mm,回流比为30%的情况下,出水油、SS的质量浓度分别小于9、14mg/L,出水水质能够达到《石油化工水污染物排放标准》(GB428119-1984)的最高容许排放浓度的第一级排放标准。     

Improvement in adhesive‐free adhesion by the use of electrostatic interactions between polymer chains grafted onto polyethylene plates

The tensile shear adhesive‐free adhesion properties induced by electrostatic interactions between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) chains grafted onto polyethylene (PE) with low‐density (LDPE) or high‐density (HDPE) plates were studied. PAA‐ or PDMAEMA‐grafted PE plates were immersed in a HCl or NaOH solution or water for 24 h, and their electrostatic properties were changed before they were overlapped with each other and heat‐pressed. The breaking of the substrate between the two plates with water‐swollen grafted layers was observed in the low range of grafted amounts in comparison with immersion in the acidic and basic solutions. The ability of the two plates with grafted polymer chains swollen in water to strongly bond with each other was a result of electrostatic interactions formed by positively charged PDMAEMA and negatively charged PAA chains. The breaking of the substrate in the case of adhesive‐free adhesion between quaternized PDMAEMA‐grafted and PAA‐grafted PE plates immersed in the basic solution occurred with lower grafted amounts of PAA. This came from the strong attractive force between dissociated anionic PAA chains and quaternized cationic PDMAEMA chains in the basic solution. In addition, the adhesive‐free adhesion strength of HDPE plates with the same grafted polymer chains encountered the breaking of the substrate with lower grafted amounts than that of LDPE plates. It was concluded that the grafting of polymer chains onto HDPE plates with high crystallinity was considerably restricted to the outer surface regions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2632–2638, 2006     

Impact damage detection and degradation monitoring of wet GFRP composites using noncontact ultrasonics

Two different non‐crimp glass fabrics with a polyester resin were used to produce laminated plates that were subjected to low velocity impact testing using three impact energy levels. The plates were immersed in water at 65°C for up to 24 months. The effectiveness of a traditional water coupled and an air‐coupled ultrasonic C‐Scan system was assessed in terms of damage size evaluation at various time intervals. The conditioned impacted plates were retested statically in compression to determine the residual strength for evaluation of damage tolerance. Weight change measurements revealed an initial increase due to water diffusion, followed by an extended decrease due to matrix dissolution at long‐term immersion times. The use of water coupled pulse‐echo ultrasonics proved ineffective after long‐term water immersion as damaged areas became ultrasound‐invisible. The contrast between impact damaged areas and water diffused areas was restored with the air‐coupled C‐scan. The macroscopic damage size was not affected by the long‐term water immersion and the overall weight change while the residual compression strength was seemed to be dependent on the time of immersion and the size of the pre‐existing impact damage. Calibrating the air‐coupled system to a dry condition specimen, a good qualitative and quantitative indication of the degraded state of water immersed plates was obtained. This monitoring system for the degradation process seems to be very promising. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

助磨剂对水泥与减水剂相容性的影响（Ⅰ）——试验室模块试验

以水泥净浆流动度和胶砂坍落度作为表征参数,使用多种助磨剂和水泥样品进行试验室试验,旨在得到助磨剂对水泥与减水剂相容性影响的试验室结论。结果表明,多数国外品牌助磨剂对水泥与减水剂相容性没有不利影响,且可以改善水泥与减水剂相容性;国内助磨剂对水泥与减水剂相容性的影响呈现极大的离散性,少数产品对水泥与减水剂相容性存在明显的不利影响,占半数左右的产品存在有限不利影响,少数产品在改善水泥与减水剂相容性方面与国外品牌产品接近。试验结果并不支持＂使用助磨剂会损害水泥与减水剂相容性＂的推测。正确选择、使用助磨剂,至少不会损害,甚至可以改善水泥与减水剂相容性。     

高效复合聚结板式油水分离器数学模型

通过对油水分离过程中油滴在聚结板间浮升和在聚结板表面聚结的过程机理的研究,建立了关于聚结板式油水分离器的油水分离过程数学模型,求得分散相液滴分离所需的时间。该模型充分考虑了油水两相的物性以及两相分层流动对分离过程的影响。