聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/银纳米复合纤维膜的制备及抗菌性

通过液相原位还原法(用乙醇还原硝酸银)获得了合有银纳米粒子的溶胶,从而制得聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)/银纳米粒子/乙醇纺丝液;再利用静电纺丝技术,得到了含有银纳米粒子的PVP纳米复合纤维膜.利用紫外光谱仪(UV-vis)对溶胶内银纳米粒子进行了表征,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纤维及其内部的纳米粒子的形貌结构和分布进行了表征,并且测试了该样品对大肠埃希菌的抗菌性能.结果表明:利用静电纺丝方法可制取PVP/银纳米粒子复合纤维膜,该膜具有抗菌性.     

Ti/SnO_2/ZnO复合薄膜的制备及其光催化性能研究

以Ti/SnO2为基体,从Zn(NO3)2水溶液中阴极电沉积ZnO,制备了Ti/SnO2/ZnO复合薄膜,用X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱对其进行了表征,以甲基橙为目标有机物,考察了其光催化活性.实验结果表明,Ti/SnO2/ZnO复合薄膜的光催化活性明显高于Ti/ZnO薄膜,且其催化活性随ZnO的沉积时间而变化.对复合薄膜催化活性提高的原因进行了讨论.     

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Olea europaea Leaf Extract for Their Enhanced Antibacterial,Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Biocompatibility Applications

Herein, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (OE-Ag NPs) by ecofriendly green processes using biological molecules of Olea europaea leaf extract. Green synthesized OE-Ag NPs were successfully characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. Antibacterial activity of OE-Ag NPs was assessed against four different bacteriological strains using the dilution serial method. The cytotoxic potential was determined against MCF-7 carcinoma cells using MTT assay in terms of cell viability percentage. Antioxidant properties were evaluated in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. Biocompatibility was further examined by incubating the synthesized NPs with hMSC cells for 24 h. The results were demonstrated that synthesized OE-Ag NPs presented excellent log₁₀ reduction in the growth of all the tested bacterial strains, which as statistically equivalent (p > 0.05) to the standard antibiotic drug. Moreover, they also demonstrated excellent cytotoxic efficacy against the MCF-7 carcinoma cells compared to plant lead extract and Com-Ag NPs. Green synthesized OE-Ag NPs appeared more biocompatible to hMSC and 293T cells compared to Com-Ag NPs. Excellent biological results of the OE-Ag NPs might be attributed to the synergetic effect of NPs’ properties and the adsorbed secondary metabolites of plant leaf extract. Hence, this study suggests that synthesized OE-Ag NPs can be a potential contender for their various biological and nutraceutical applications. Moreover, this study will open a new avenue to produce biocompatible nanoparticles with additional biological functionalities from the plants.     

Bionanofactories for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Toward Antimicrobial Applications

Among the various types of nanoparticles and their strategy for synthesis, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained much attention in the biomedical, cellular imaging, cosmetics, drug delivery, food, and agrochemical industries due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. The green synthesis strategies incorporate the use of plant extracts, living organisms, or biomolecules as bioreducing and biocapping agents, also known as bionanofactories for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The use of green chemistry is ecofriendly, biocompatible, nontoxic, and cost-effective. We shed light on the recent advances in green synthesis and physicochemical properties of green silver nanoparticles by considering the outcomes from recent studies applying SEM, TEM, AFM, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and XRD techniques. Furthermore, we cover the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of silver nanoparticles.     

纳米氧化锌/PE复合薄膜性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂为改性剂对纳米ZnO粉体进行表面改性;采用母粒法将改性后的粉体与PE树脂混合、吹膜,并对其分散的稳定性及抗紫外性能进行了初步的探讨。结果表明：经硅烷偶联剂改性后的纳米氧化锌具有良好的稳定性和良好的抗紫外性能。     

复合纳米棒状Ag3PO4/ZnO材料的光催化性能

以一维棒状ZnO为载体,采用原位生长法制备纳米棒状Ag_3PO_4/ZnO复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS和UV-Vis-DRS等测试对纳米棒状Ag_3PO_4/ZnO复合材料进行了表征,并评价了样品在可见光下的光催化性能。结果显示,ZnO几乎无可见光活性,通过水热法制备的ZnO形貌发生了改变,为比表面积的增加做出了贡献,为Ag_3PO_4提供了更多的负载可能。在可见光照射下,纯ZnO和Ag_3PO_4对苯酚的降解率分别为20%和38%,复合材料Ag_3PO_4/ZnO对苯酚的降解率为91.24%,光催化降解性能明显高于纯ZnO和Ag_3PO_4。最后,光催化稳定性的研究证明,Ag_3PO_4/ZnO复合材料形成了有效的异质结结构,抑制了电子-空穴的复合,提高了Ag_3PO_4/ZnO复合材料的稳定性。     

Hierarchical ZnO/Ag nanocomposites for plasmon-enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the noble metals improve the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor metal oxides in the visible light region. This work reports the facile preparation of SPR induced visible light active hierarchical ZnO/Ag nanocomposite photocatalysts by using environmental friendly two-step method. The prepared nanocomposites analyzed by using various techniques such as powder-XRD, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and photocurrent measurements. The results indicate the formation of hierarchical ZnO/Ag nanocomposites, which shows surface plasmon absorbance and enhanced photocurrent responses. Because of the SPR effect, the nanocomposites show improved visible light photocatalytic activity by enhancing the electron-hole pair separation in Rhodamine B degradation system.     

凝胶网格控制合成纳米ZnO及其光催化活性

以明胶为反应介质,采用凝胶网格控制合成法制备了单分散球形纳米ZnO光催化剂.利用TG-DTA、XRD、TEM、BET、UV-Vis、HPLC等测试手段对制备过程、样品的结构和性能进行了研究,探讨了明胶浓度、煅烧温度对产物粒径和光催化活性的影响.结果表明:利用凝胶网格控制合成法不仅能够控制纳米微粒的形状和大小,而且可防止沉淀物相互聚集和团聚.以染料罗丹明B溶液为目标降解物,1 h的降解率为99.9%,最佳光催化剂的合成条件:13%明胶浓度、350℃煅烧2 h.     

One-step synthesis of ZnO and Ag/ZnO heterostructures and their photocatalytic activity

By following a one-step, novel methodology, ZnO and Ag/ZnO heterostructures were successfully synthesized at room-temperature. This route is simple, effective, high yield (91%), environmentally friendly (green synthesis) and consists of a mechanically assisted metathesis reaction. The metathesis reaction used in this investigation showed two results: the in-situ generation of alkaline nitrates, LiNO₃/NaNO₃, and the direct crystallization of the desired Zn-based compounds in milling media; revealing a true mechanochemical synthesis of ZnO and Ag/ZnO (1.25, 2.50 and 4.50 mol% of Ag) heterostructures. Particles showed spherical-like morphologies and sizes smaller than 20 nm. The Ag/ZnO heterostructures exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than ZnO for degrading methylene blue (MB) dye. It was also shown that the presence of Ag (up to 1.25 mol%) nanoparticles (NPs) in ZnO accelerates the photodegradation reaction and then slows down with further increases in Ag contents. The 1.25-Ag/ZnO sample (10 mg) showed the highest photocatalytic activity (96%) for degrading MB (100 ml, 10 mg L^?1) within 100 min under UV–Vis light irradiation (λ = 310 nm).     

聚丙烯酸酯/海胆状中空ZnO复合薄膜的制备及性能

采用两步水热法制备了海胆状中空ZnO,然后通过物理共混法将海胆状中空ZnO引入聚丙烯酸酯乳液中,制备得到聚丙烯酸酯/海胆状中空ZnO复合乳液并对其进行成膜处理。对复合薄膜透水汽性、耐水性、力学性能、紫外透过率及抗菌性能进行了检测,进一步探讨了海胆状中空ZnO用量对聚丙烯酸酯/海胆状中空ZnO复合薄膜基本性能的影响。结果表明:海胆状中空ZnO的粒径在2.1μm左右,壳层ZnO纳米棒的长度约为350 nm,且存在介孔结构,平均孔径为28.58 nm,比表面积为9.34 m2/g,孔体积为0.07 cm3/g。当海胆状中空ZnO质量分数为2%时,聚丙烯酸酯复合薄膜的透水汽性、吸水率、抗张强度,以及断裂伸长率分别为113.2 mg/(cm2·h)、30.64%、9.23 MPa及292.51%。与纯聚丙烯酸酯薄膜相比,聚丙烯酸酯/海胆状中空ZnO复合薄膜透水汽性提高了204.96%,耐水性提高了134.3%,抗张强度提高了34.94%,断裂伸长率提高了46.26%。同时,复合薄膜具有良好的紫外屏蔽性能及抗菌性能。     

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Wet Chemical Reduction and Solvothermal Methods

The synthesis of nanoparticles from noble metals has received high attention from researchers due to their unique properties and their wide range of applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), in particular, show a remarkable inhibitory effect against microorganisms and viruses. Various methods have been developed to obtain AgNPs, however the stability of such nanostructures over time is still challenging. Researchers attempt to obtain particular shapes and sizes in order to tailor AgNPs properties for specific areas, such as biochemistry, biology, agriculture, electronics, medicine, and industry. The aim of this study was to design AgNPs with improved antimicrobial characteristics and stability. Two different wet chemical routes were considered: synthesis being performed (i) reduction method at room temperatures and (ii) solvothermal method at high temperature. Here, we show that the antimicrobial properties of the obtained AgNPs, are influenced by their synthesis route, which impact on the size and shape of the structures. This work analyses and compares the antimicrobial properties of the obtained AgNPs, based on their structure, sizes and morphologies which are influenced, in turn, not only by the type or quantities of precursors used but also by the temperature of the reaction. Generally, AgNPs obtained by solvothermal, at raised temperature, registered better antimicrobial activity as compared to NPs obtained by reduction method at room temperature.     

Rational Design of Tryptophan‐Rich Antimicrobial Peptides with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activities and Specificities

Trp‐rich antimicrobial peptides play important roles in the host innate defense mechanism of many plants and animals. A series of short Trp‐rich peptides derived from the C‐terminal region of Bothrops asper myothoxin II, a Lys49 phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), were found to reproduce the antimicrobial activities of their parent molecule. Of these peptides, KKWRWWLKALAKK—designated PEM‐2—was found to display improved activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. To improve the antimicrobial activity of PEM‐2 for potential clinical applications further, we determined the solution structure of PEM‐2 bound to membrane‐mimetic dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by two‐dimensional NMR methods. The DPC micelle‐bound structure of PEM‐2 adopts an α‐helical conformation and the positively charged residues are clustered together to form a hydrophilic patch. The surface electrostatic potential map indicates that two of the three tryptophan residues are packed against the peptide backbone and form a hydrophobic face with Leu7, Ala9, and Leu10. A variety of biophysical and biochemical experiments, including circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and microcalorimetry, were used to show that PEM‐2 interacted with negatively charged phospholipid vesicles and efficiently induced dye release from these vesicles, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of PEM‐2 could be due to interactions with bacterial membranes. Potent analogues of PEM‐2 with enhanced antimicrobial and less pronounced hemolytic activities were designed with the aid of these structural studies.     

普鲁兰酶改性SNC/ZnO增强的马铃薯复合膜的制备

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,以生物法对淀粉进行改性,普鲁兰酶可以专一性切开支链淀粉分支的α-1,6糖苷键提高直链淀粉含量,从而提高淀粉膜性能,同时以尿尿素为增塑剂,淀粉纳米晶（SNC）与纳米氧化锌(ZnO)为复合增强剂,采用流延法制备复合膜。以单因素试实验验 研究考察了增塑剂种类及用量、增强剂种类及用量对复合膜性能的影响。普鲁兰酶可以专一性切开支链淀粉分支的α-1,6糖苷键提高直链淀粉含量,从而提高淀粉膜性能。 以利用正交实验试验法探究淀粉酶解工艺,以复合膜的拉伸强度为指标,得到马铃薯淀粉的最佳酶解工艺为：酶用量0.8U/g,反应温度50℃,pHpH 4.0,反应时间2h。与未经酶处理的复合膜相比,马铃薯淀粉复合膜拉伸强度增加19%,断裂伸长率增加42.8%,透明度增加5.6%,雾度下降67.4%,水蒸气透过系数下降98.4%,透油系数下降52.6%。     

Fabrication of Paper Sheets Coatings Based on Chitosan/Bacterial Nanocellulose/ZnO with Enhanced Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties

Here, we designed paper sheets coated with chitosan, bacterial cellulose (nanofibers), and ZnO with boosted antibacterial and mechanical activity. We investigated the compositions, with ZnO exhibiting two different sizes/shapes: (1) rods and (2) irregular sphere-like particles. The proposed processing of bacterial cellulose resulted in the formation of nanofibers. Antimicrobial behavior was tested using E. coli ATCC^® 25922™ following the ASTM E2149-13a standard. The mechanical properties of the paper sheets were measured by comparing tearing resistance, tensile strength, and bursting strength according to the ISO 5270 standard. The results showed an increased antibacterial response (assigned to the combination of chitosan and ZnO, independent of its shape and size) and boosted mechanical properties. Therefore, the proposed composition is an interesting multifunctional mixture for coatings in food packaging applications.     

PVA/Carbon Dot Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Simple Introduction of Ag Nanoparticles with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

The introduction of nanomaterials to hydrogels is an effective way to improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Herein, carbon nanodot (C‐dot) as a new‐found excellent nanomaterial is first added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel to prepare PVA/C‐dot hydrogel by freeze–thaw method. The appropriate size and plenty of surface functional groups make C‐dot an ideal nucleating agent for PVA crystallization, which leads to form a denser and more uniform cross‐linked network in PVA hydrogel, and in turn enhance the mechanical properties of PVA hydrogel. Compared to pure PVA hydrogel, about a 46.4% increase of tensile strength and 18.5% increase of elongation at break are achieved when the content of C‐dot in PVA/C‐dot hydrogel is 2 wt%, suggesting that C‐dot can effectively improve the mechanical properties of PVA hydrogel. Besides, C‐dot can endow PVA hydrogel with some new properties, such as fluorescence and reducibility. Herein, Ag nanoparticles are simply introduced and uniformly dispersed in PVA hydrogels with the help of reducibility of C‐dot, which can greatly enhance the antibacterial activity of PVA/C‐dot hydrogels, and enlarge their application potential in medical field.

     

Hemolytic Activity,Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Lincomycin or Cefazolin

The overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant bacteria. A good alternative is silver nanoparticles, which have antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. Their combination with already known antibiotics has a synergistic effect. In this work, we studied the synthesis of conjugates of silver nanoparticles with two antibiotics, lincomycin and cefazolin. Albumin and glutathione were used as spacer shells with functional groups. The physicochemical properties of the obtained conjugates, their cytotoxicity and synergism of antimicrobial activity were studied. The 50% antimicrobial activity of the obtained samples was shown, which allows them to be recommended for use as topical drug preparations.     

Rational Design of Alpha‐Helical Antimicrobial Peptides: Do's and Don'ts

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for battling multiresistant bacteria. Despite extensive research, structure–activity relationships of AMPs are not fully understood, and there is a lack of structural data relating to AMPs in lipids. Here we present the NMR structure of anoplin (GLLKRIKTLL‐NH₂) in a micellar environment. A vast library of substitutions was designed and tested for antimicrobial and hemolytic activity, as well as for changes in structure and lipid interactions. This showed that improvement of antimicrobial activity without concomitant introduction of strong hemolytic activity can be achieved through subtle increases in the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic face or through subtle increases in the polarity of the hydrophilic face of the helix, or—most efficiently—a combination of both. A set of guidelines based on the results is given, for assistance in how to modify cationic α‐helical AMPs in order to control activity and selectivity. The guidelines are finally tested on a different peptide.     

Cu/ZnO系合成醇催化剂的物化性质对其反应产物的影响

Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ系合成醇催化剂的化学与物理性质对其催化活性和选择性均有明显影响。实验表明，对于Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／ＭＯｘ催化体系，添加适当的第３组分（Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ等）及第４、第５组分（稀土、碱金属元素），选择合适的催化剂制备工艺条件，可使催化剂形成具有特定化学与物理性质的催化活性中心，因而影响合成醇类产物的分布。     

Adsorption of Silver Nanoparticles onto Different Surface Structures of Chitin/Chitosan and Correlations with Antimicrobial Activities

Size-controlled spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) can be simply prepared by autoclaving mixtures of glass powder containing silver with glucose. Moreover, chitins with varying degrees of deacetylation (DDAc < 30%) and chitosan powders and sheets (DDAc > 75%) with varying surface structure properties have been evaluated as Ag NP carriers. Chitin/chitosan-Ag NP composites in powder or sheet form were prepared by mixing Ag NP suspensions with each of the chitin/chitosan-based material at pH 7.3, leading to homogenous dispersion and stable adsorption of Ag NPs onto chitin carriers with nanoscale fiber-like surface structures, and chitosan carriers with nanoscale porous surface structures. Although these chitins exhibited mild antiviral, bactericidal, and antifungal activities, chitin powders with flat/smooth film-like surface structures had limited antimicrobial activities and Ag NP adsorption. The antimicrobial activities of chitin/chitosan-Ag NP composites increased with increasing amounts of adsorbed Ag NPs, suggesting that the surface structures of chitin/chitosan carriers strongly influence adsorption of Ag NPs and antimicrobial activities. These observations indicate that chitin/chitosan-Ag NPs with nanoscale surface structures have potential as antimicrobial biomaterials and anti-infectious wound dressings.     

N,N-二甲基十四烷基对乙烯基苄基氯化铵的合成及抑菌性能研究

以对乙烯基苄基氯和N,N-二甲基十四烷基叔胺(14DMA)为原料,合成了含有乙烯基的低毒高效的新型抗菌剂N,N-二甲基十四烷基对乙烯基苄基氯化铵。通过单因素实验确定优化的合成条件为:反应温度40～60℃、对乙烯基苄基氯与14DMA摩尔比1∶1.2、反应时间3h、20mL石油醚作溶剂、0.01g铜作催化剂,在此条件下产物收率达82.57%。产物的结构通过IR、1 HNMR确证。采用抑菌圈法研究了产物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌活性,结果表明其抑菌效果良好。