Antibody Engineered Platelets Attracted by Bacteria-Induced Tumor-Specific Blood Coagulation for Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy

Bacteria can act as a promising anti-tumor platform due to their specific targeting capacity to the tumor microenvironment. In this study, it is discovered that intravenous administration of Escherichia coli TOP10 induces rapid and intense blood coagulation in tumor tissues instead of normal tissues. It is demonstrated that E. coli TOP10 can act as an activator of a coagulation cascade to trigger abnormal hemorrhage, blood coagulation, and inflammation with abundant macrophages recruitment in tumors. In addition, the recruited macrophages are principally polarized by lipopolysaccharide in the bacterial wall to the anti-tumor M1-like phenotype. Based on the above finding, coagulation-tropism blood platelets decorated with CD47 antibodies (Anti-CD47), which possess tropism for bacteria-treated tumors are further prepared. As a result, Anti-CD47 blocks the “don't eat me” signal from tumor cells, consequently promoting the phagocytosis of polarized M1-like phenotype macrophages for tumor cells. This manipulation of local blood coagulation in tumors may find great potential for accurately delivering immune checkpoint inhibitors and facilitating tumor immunotherapy.     

Polarization-dependent ultrafast optical nonlinearities of N,N-dimethylformamide at 400 nm

Ultrafast optical nonlinearities of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) are studied by using polarized light at 400 nm. Both nonlinear refraction(NLR) and stimulated Rayleigh-wing scattering(SRWS) depend on the polarization state of incident beam, while two-photon absorption(TPA) changes negligibly with polarization state. The polarization dependence of SRWS originates from that of NLR via self-focusing effect. Third-order susceptibility elements of DMF were determined, and a method to distinguish the mu...     

A novel polarization splitter based on three-core photonic crystal fibers

A novel polarization splitter based on photonic crystal fibers(PCFs) with three cores of high birefringence is proposed.The 45o linearly polarized light is launched into a core.After a coupling length(about 1500 μm),the xand y-polarized light beams are separated into different cores.When the light is launched into another core,the xand y-polarized light from different cores can be obtained and the degree of separation can be also adjusted.The polarization splitter is highly flexible and adjustable.The lengt...     

Design Method of a Circularly‐Polarized Antenna Using Fabry‐Pérot Cavity Structure

A Fabry‐Pérot cavity (FPC) antenna producing both high‐gain and circularly‐polarized (CP) behavior is proposed. To increase antenna gain and obtain CP characteristics, a superstrate composed of square patches with a pair of truncated corners is placed above the linearly polarized patch antenna with an approximately half‐wavelength distance from the ground plane at the operating frequency. The proposed antenna has the advantages of high gain, a simple design, and an excellent boresight axial ratio over the operating frequency bandwidth. Moreover, used in an FPC antenna, the proposed superstrate converts a linear polarization produced by a patch antenna into a circular polarization. In addition, the cavity antenna produces left‐hand circular‐polarization and right‐hand circular‐polarization when a patch antenna inside the cavity generates x‐direction and y‐direction polarization, respectively. The measured and simulated results verify the performance of the antenna.     

BER minimization for dual‐polarized wireless systems with polarization‐domain rotation

We consider the problem of bit error rate (BER) degradation because of the power gain imbalance between horizontal (H)‐polarization and vertical (V)‐polarization components in an orthogonal dual‐polarization transmission system. To alleviate the aforementioned BER degradation problem, we propose a non‐orthogonal polarization‐domain rotation scheme where the axes of H‐polarization and V‐polarization components are rotated with different angles at the transmitter and de‐rotated at the receiver. In addition, in order to assess the effectiveness of the polarization‐domain rotation scheme, we derive the closed‐form BER expression under a practical dual‐polarized channel model, which is represented by cross‐polarization ratio and co‐polarization ratio (CPR). We also derive the approximated BER expressions for the two asymptotic values of CPR: balanced CPR and infinite CPR. With the derived BER expressions, we find the optimal rotation angles that jointly minimize the BER. According to the numerical results, it is shown that about 3dB E_b/N₀ gain is obtained at the BER of 10^?4 and the CPR of 10dB by the polarization‐domain rotation scheme with optimal rotation angles compared with the conventional orthogonal dual‐polarization transmission. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

与偏振无关1×2．2×2和2×4A由空间光开关在Clos光网络中的应用

首先,对无阻塞的Clos（2,4,2）光网络的拓扑结构和光学实现进行了理论分析;其次,利用偏振光分束器（PBS）、相位型空间光调制器（PSLM）和反射镜设计1×2、2×2和2X4光开关。进而设计无阻塞的Clos（2,4,2）光网络,并讨论了n×m型光开光的设计原则和升级能力。最后,通过实验测试,光开关的串扰最低可以达到...     

Self-initiating MUSIC-based direction finding and polarization estimation in spatio-polarizational beamspace

A novel self-initiating multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based direction-finding (DF) and polarization-estimation algorithm in spatio-polarizational beamspace is presented for an arbitrarily spaced array of identically oriented electromagnetic vector sensors. An electromagnetic vector sensor, already commercially available, is composed of six colocated, but diversely polarized, antennas distinctly measuring all six electromagnetic-field components of a multisource incident wave field. This proposed algorithm: (1) exploits the incident sources' polarization diversity; (2) decouples the estimation of the sources' arrival angles from the estimation of the sources' polarization parameters; (3) uses ESPRIT on pairs of vector sensors to self-generate coarse estimates of the arrival angles to start off its MUSIC-based iterative search without any a priori information on the incident sources' parameters; (4) estimate the sources' polarization states; and (5) automatically pairs the x-axis direction-cosine estimates with the y-axis direction-cosine estimates and with the polarization estimates. Monte Carlo simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed method.     

Semitransparent Circularly Polarized Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency over 30% and Dissymmetry Factor Close to 10−2

To concurrently realize large electroluminescence dissymmetry factor and high device efficiency remains a formidable challenge in the development of circularly polarized organic light-emitting diode (CP-OLED). In this work, by introducing a famous chiral resource of R-camphor, two green chiral iridium(III) isomers of Λ/Δ-Ir-(R-camphor) containing dual stereogenic centers at iridium and ancillary ligand, are efficiently synthesized. Benefiting from their high phosphorescence quantum yields (≈93%) and obvious circularly polarized photoluminescence property with dissymmetry factors (|g_PL|) in the 10⁻³ order of magnitude, the circularly polarized phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using these chiral emitters show excellent performances with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 30.6%, low efficiency roll-off, and intense circularly polarized electroluminescence signal with dissymmetry factor (g_EL) in the 10⁻⁴ order of magnitude. By the novel device engineering with semitransparent cathode, the resulting g_EL values are significantly boosted by one order of magnitude, up to 7.70 × 10⁻³, which is the highest among the CP-OLEDs with chiral iridium complexes. Noteworthy, the semitransparent devices deliver a record-high EQE_max of 18.8% among the semitransparent OLEDs. The combination of novel chiral Ir(III) complexes and the semitransparent devices sheds light on the development of high performance CP-OLEDs with simultaneously high efficiency and large dissymmetry factor.     

Enhancement of Valley Polarization in Monolayer WSe2 Coupled with Microsphere-Cavity-Array

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (ML-TMDCs) possess degenerate levels with antiparallel spins in K and K′ valleys, providing the intrinsic valley polarization, which attracts great interest for potential applications on quantum information technology and on-chip nanophotonics. Unfortunately, it is difficult to distinguish the degree of valley polarization (DoP) near room temperature due to the intensive phonon-assisted intervalley scattering and the long-range electron-hole exchange interaction in ML-TMDCs, limiting their practical applications. In this study, a novel design is proposed for great promotion of DoP in ML-WSe₂ with a microsphere cavity array, introducing Purcell effect and nanofocusing effect into the system. The radiative decay rate is dramatically enhanced owing to Purcell effect in microcavity in weak coupling regime, thus locking more polarized excitons in the corresponding valley under certain circularly-polarized pumping. In addition, the nanofocusing effect contributes to increasing the number of charged excitons by suppressing the bright to dark exciton conversion. The present work achieves a great DoP of ML-WSe₂ with a simple configuration and promises broad applications from valleytronic devices to chiral optics in the future.     

全固态皮秒径向偏振激光器及其加工特性

在自主研制的全固态皮秒激光器基础上,腔外加入偏振转换元件输出皮秒径向偏振激光,并对其进行侧泵Nd:YAG晶体放大,最终得到中心波长1 064 nm、平均功率1.95 W、重复频率1 kHz、峰值功率1.77108 W、光束质量2.95以及纯度92%的皮秒径向偏振激光器。用该激光器对0.5 mm厚不锈钢材料进行钻孔和刻槽实验,并与同等加工工艺参数条件下皮秒线偏振激光器钻孔圆度和刻槽深度进行对比,分析两种激光器对加工效果的影响。实验结果表明,相比皮秒线偏振激光,利用皮秒径向偏振激光进行加工,钻孔圆度更好、刻槽深度更深且槽侧壁更为平坦。该结果为皮秒径向偏振激光器在材料加工领域的应用提供参考。     

High-Performance Solution-Processed Nondoped Circularly Polarized OLEDs with Chiral Triptycene Scaffold-Based TADF Emitters Realizing Over 20% External Quantum Efficiency

Recently, circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) fabricated with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are developed rapidly. However, most devices are fabricated by vacuum deposition technology, and developing efficient solution-processed CP-OLEDs, especially nondoped devices, is still a challenge. Herein, a pair of triptycene-based enantiomers, (S,S)-/(R,R)-TpAc-TRZ, are synthesized. The novel chiral triptycene scaffold of enantiomers avoids their intermolecular π–π stacking, which is conducive to their aggregation-induced emission characteristics and high photoluminescence quantum yield of 85% in the solid state. Moreover, the triptycene-based enantiomers exhibit efficient TADF activities with a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE_ST) of 0.03 eV and delayed fluorescence lifetime of 1.1 µs, as well as intense circularly polarized luminescence with dissymmetry factors (|g_PL|) of about 1.9 × 10⁻³. The solution-processed nondoped CP-OLEDs based on (S,S)-/(R,R)-TpAc-TRZ not only display obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence signals with g_EL values of +1.5 × 10⁻³ and −2.0 × 10⁻³, respectively, but also achieve high efficiencies with external quantum, current, and power efficiency up to 25.5%, 88.6 cd A⁻¹, and 95.9 lm W⁻¹, respectively.     

Self-Amplification Immunomodulatory Strategy for Tissue Regeneration in Diabetes Based on Cytokine-ZIFs System

Dysfunctional macrophages and excessive inflammatory responses lead to severe tissue regeneration disorders in diabetes. Herein, a function-oriented self-amplification immunomodulatory (SAI) strategy based on an interleukin-33 (IL-33) loaded zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (IL@ZIF) nano-platform is proposed to treat tissue regeneration disorders by restoring macrophage function and reconstructing immune microenvironment in diabetes. It is found that ZIFs effectively protect IL-33 from premature degradation. In the wound area, the released Zn²⁺ not only improves the antioxidant capacity of macrophages to avoid reactive oxygen species-induced dysfunction, but also upregulates IL-33 receptor (ST2L) expression and triggers M2 macrophages polarization. Subsequently, the released IL-33 significantly amplifies M2 macrophage polarization through IL-33/ST2L signaling, resulting in a reversal of the pro-inflammatory microenvironment of diabetic wounds. This synergistic effect endows the nano-platform with an excellent ability to accelerate tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this IL@ZIF mediated function-oriented SAI strategy provides new alternatives for the treatment of tissue regeneration disorders in diabetes.     

Remote Switching of Elastic Movement of Decorated Ligand Nanostructures Controls the Adhesion-Regulated Polarization of Host Macrophages

Design of materials with remote switchability of the movement of decorated nanostructures presenting cell-adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp ligand can decipher dynamic cell-material interactions in decorated ligand nanostructures. In this study, the decoration of ligand-bearing gold nanoparticles (ligand-AuNPs) on the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) with varying ligand-AuNP densities is demonstrated, which are flexibly coupled to substrate in various MNP densities to maintain constant macroscopic ligand density. Magnetic switching of upward (“Upper Mag”) or downward (“Lower Mag”) movement of varying ligand-AuNPs is shown via stretching and compression of the elastic linker, respectively. High ligand-AuNP densities promote macrophage adhesion-regulated M2 polarization that inhibits M1 polarization. Remote switching of downward movement (“Lower Mag”) of ligand-AuNPs facilitates macrophage adhesion-regulated M2 polarization, which is conversely suppressed by their upward movement (“Upper Mag”), both in vitro and in vivo. These findings are consistent with human primary macrophages. These results provide fundamental understanding into designing materials with decorated nanostructures in both high ligand-AuNP density and downward movement of the ligand-AuNPs toward the substrate to stimulate adhesion-regulated M2 polarization of macrophages while suppressing pro-inflammatory M1 polarization, thereby facilitating tissue-healing responses.     

Deliberation and Attitude Polarization

This study draws on quasi‐experimental data from participants in heterogeneous face‐to‐face deliberations on sexual minority rights in Poland. It examines whether disagreement perceived during deliberation decreases—as deliberative theorists hope—or rather exacerbates—as psychological research predicts—extreme views. The study also analyzes whether extreme deliberators report that their views were polarized and whether self‐reported polarization is greater following deliberations perceived as contentious. Third, the study tests the correspondence between pre‐ to posttest and self‐reported polarization measures. As predicted, extreme deliberators who perceived disagreement polarized on the discussed policies and on issues more generally related to sexual minorities and also reported greater opinion polarization. Validating the self‐reported measure with the binary index suggests that deliberators relatively accurately reported polarization.     

Multiferroic Polymer Laminate Composites Exhibiting High Magnetoelectric Response Induced by Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions

The coupling of the magnetic, electric, and elastic properties in multiferroics creates new collective phenomena and enables next‐generation device paradigms. In this work, the hydrogen bonding interaction between hydrate salts and ferroelectric polymers is exploited in the development of high‐performance magnetoelectric (ME) polymer laminate composites. The microstructures and crystallite structures of the Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O doped poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene), P(VDF‐HFP), are carefully studied. The effect of hydrogen bonding interaction on the polarization ordering of the ferroelectric polymers is investigated by 2D wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, polarized Fourier transform infrared spectra, and dielectric spectra at varied frequencies and temperatures. It is found that hydrogen bond not only promotes the formation of the polar crystallite phase but also improves the polarization ordering in the ferroelectric polymer, which subsequently increases the remnant polarization of the polymers as verified in the polarization‐electric field loop measurements. These entail marked improvement in the ME voltage coefficients (α_ME) of the resulting polymer laminate composites based on ferromagnetic Metglas relative to analogous composites. The composite exhibits a state‐of‐the‐art α_ME value of 20 V cm^‐1 Oe under a dc magnetic field of ≈4 Oe and a colossal α_ME of 320 V cm^‐1 Oe at a frequency of 68 kHz.     

Radar scattering behavior of estuarine outflow plumes

We present results of dual-polarized radar scattering measurements of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume. Near-unity polarization ratios (ratios of horizontally polarized radar echoes over vertically polarized ones) are observed in large incidence angle (60/spl deg/ to 80/spl deg/) radar echoes from the outflow plume and its frontal boundary (normally referred to as a front) under strong surface current convergence (0.008-0.02 S/sup -1/), suggesting the existence of steepened and breaking waves in the regions. Cumulative distribution functions of the horizontally polarized radar returns from the front show approximately 90% of the radar echoes are from steepened and breaking waves. Vertically polarized echoes do not show this effect. These experimental results substantiate early modeling investigators' speculation of featured scattering contributing to horizontally polarized radar signatures of oceanic fronts. Our results also suggest that horizontal radar polarization can be used to remotely sense additional hydrodynamic processes such as wave trapping, blocking, and breaking near oceanic fronts better than what is possible with only vertical polarization.     

Highly polarized luminescence from an AIEE-active luminescent liquid crystalline film

Luminescent liquid crystals (LLCs) have attracted significant interest for organic optoelectronic applications, especially for the generation of linear polarized light. Here, a novel LLC molecule, 2-(4-(nonanealkoxy)phenyl)-3-(4-formamidephenyl)-acrylonitrile (CN-NPFA), is reported, which shows strong fluorescence in the solid state due to the aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) effect. Moreover, a well-aligned liquid crystalline film using AIEE-active molecules, is obtained using an in-plane electric field with an alignment layer. It exhibits highly polarized luminescence (ρ = 0.74) with a high fluorescence quantum yield. The device is both cheap and easy to fabricate, and has the potential to be used in practical electro-optic applications.     

Polarization dependences of electroluminescence and absorption of vertically correlated InAs/GaAs QDs

The results of experimental studies concerning the optical polarization anisotropy of electroluminescence and absorption spectra of systems with a varied number of tunnel-coupled vertically correlated In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots (QDs), built into a double-section laser with equal-length sections, are presented. One such system is a QD superlattice exhibiting the Wannier-Stark effect. The involvement of heavyhole ground states in optical transitions for light polarized both in the plane perpendicular to the growth axis (X-Y) and along the growth direction Z of the structure was observed. The degree of polarization anisotropy depends on the height of vertically correlated QDs and the QD superlattice: the total thickness of all In(Ga)As QD layers and GaAs spacers between the QDs, which is related to the Z component of the wave function of heavy-hole ground states for vertically correlated QDs and for the QD superlattice.     

Amplification of electromagnetic waves at odd harmonics of the cyclotron resonance of heavy holes with negative effective masses in semiconducting diamond

It is shown theoretically that the absorption coefficient for circularly polarized electromagnetic waves at the cyclotron resonance of heavy holes with negative effective masses in diamond in parallel electric and magnetic fields oriented along the [001] crystal axis takes negative values at the frequency of any of the n+1 harmonics (n=0,4,8, etc.) for the right (electron) polarization and at the frequency of any of the n−1 harmonics (n=4,8,12, etc.) for the left (hole) polarization. In an electric field E≈10⁴ V/cm and magnetic fields H=30–80 kOe, at lattice temperatures of 77–100 K, and for a hole concentration of (3–5)×10¹⁵ cm⁻³, the absorption coefficient for an electromagnetic wave at the third harmonic ω ₃=3ω=2.5×10¹² s⁻¹ (wavelength λ₃=0.92 mm) is as high as η ₃=(−7)–(−30) cm⁻¹. Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 32, 504–508 (April 1998)     

64 单元X 波段高增益圆极化微带阵列天线设计

采用双层矩形贴片加切角的结构设计圆极化单元,并将其组成应用于X 波段64 单元高增益圆极化微带阵列天线。天线基板采用Taconic-TRF,介电常数4. 5,厚度0. 81mm,损耗角正切0. 0035。利用Ansoft HF-SS 软件对单元及阵列模型进行仿真优化。通过实际测试,64 单元阵列天线轴比AR<6dB 的带宽500MHz,增益达到21. 2dB,S11 <-10dB 的相对阻抗带宽达到6. 9%,天线具有良好的圆极化和阻抗匹配特性。圆极化天线具有较强的抗干扰能力,可很好地应用于电子侦察、电子对抗等领域。设计的圆极化微带阵列天线为组成更大阵列的天线以及构建相控阵天线提供了单元基础。