无线传感器网络节点电源系统设计

在影响无线传感器网络的生命周期的众多因素中,节点的能量是其中最为重要的。文中设计了一种基于太阳能电池板和锂电池的节点电源系统,能够为节点数传模块提供电源并为传感器提供5V和12V电源,实现了在有阳光的环境中为无线节点永久性供电与无线传感网络无限使用的目的。     

一种基于无线传感器网络的生物信息检测系统节点电源设计

针对电源系统需要为系统中微处理器、传感器、信号调理电路、无线通讯模块等提供工作电源的目的,提出一种生物信息检测系统中无线传感器网络（WSN）节点的电源设计方案。除了通过内部3.7 V锂电池,振动产生的机械能也可以用来提供能量。系统工作过程中能自动对供电方式进行选择,并完成对锂电池的充电任务。节点采用带有8051内校的CC2430无线射频芯片,通过有效的动态电源管理和唤醒休眠机制的软件设计,针对生物信息检测系统实现了一种低功耗的能量自供给的无线传感器节点电源设计。     

面向多传感器模块接入的低功耗无线传感器节点

设计了一种面向多传感器模块接入的低功耗无线传感器节点。该节点基于超低功耗Zigbee单片机MC13224V设计,由射频模块、配置电路和电源系统等组成。根据无线通信系统的特点设计了系统的软硬件,详细阐述了硬件设计、软件设计及性能测试方法。测试结果证明：在3V电源供电条件下,休眠时电流小于11μA,实现了低功耗设计的目的。     

Adaptive Duty Cycle Control for Optimal Stochastic Energy Harvesting

Energy harvesting in wireless sensors is expected to improve the environmental footprint of sensors by reducing the polluting need of using and replacing batteries through autarkic operation. Recent advances in energy harvesting technology lead towards this goal. However, the use of harvesters as energy sources imposes limitations on the sensor power and energy consumption. In this paper we propose an adaptive mechanism for dynamically adjusting the duty cycle of a sensor, so that the energy input of the harvester may be utilized to the highest level, while retaining reasonable variance in servicing the load.     

基于无线传感器网络的温室测控系统研究设计

针对当前温室控制系统存在的扩展性差、智能化程度不高等问题,在分析了无线传感器网络特点的基础上,设计了基于无线传感器网络的温室测控系统的硬件及软件.硬件上设计了传感器节点和汇聚节点,采用温度、湿度、光照度等传感器,实现了温室环境参数的自动采集.软件上基于模块化的思想,实现了数据的获取、处理和控制输出等功能.该设计具有扩展性好、实用性强、便于操作的特点.     

A generic framework for energy evaluation on wireless sensor networks

Due to reliance on batteries, energy consumption has always been of significant concern for sensor node networks. This work presents the design and implementation of a house-build experimental platform, named Energy Management System for Wireless Sensor Networks (EMrise) for the energy management and exploration on wireless sensor networks. Consisting of three parts, the SystemC-based simulation environment of EMrise enables the HW/SW co-simulation for energy evaluation on heterogeneous sensor networks. The hardware platform of EMrise is further designed to facilitate the realistic energy consumption measurement and calibration as well as accurate energy exploration. In the meantime, a generic genetic algorithm based optimization framework of EMrise is also implemented to automatically, quickly and intelligently fine tune hundreds of possible solutions for the given task to find the best suitable energy-aware tradeoffs.     

基于ZigBee的无线测温管理系统的应用研究

为及时测量变电站运行设备中大电流回路连接点发热的温度,设计出一种基于ZigBee技术的无线测温管理系统。详细阐述了无源传感器节点的工作原理和实现方案,给出了硬件电路设计和系统软件构成。通过可视化程序设计语言Visual Basic 6.0设计的监控界面,易于实现无线传感器网络温度信息的实时采集、及时报警和有效管理,做到设备发热实时监控及远距离遥测。     

基于功率放大无线烟雾传感器节点的设计

为实现现场环境无人值守以及无线传感器节点远距离通信,本文提出了一种以CC2430射频芯片为核心,利用CC2591芯片增强发射功率和半导体气体传感器对烟雾、碳氢化合物及氧化物有着很强的灵敏度的特点,完成一种远距离、低功耗无线烟雾传感器节点的设计与实现,文章讨论和介绍了烟雾传感器节点的带功率放大无线通信模块硬件原理设计和描述了系统的软件架构及实现方法,经实际测试验证了本系统具有较高的实用性和可靠性。因此,具有良好的应用前景。     

在无线传感网络系统中ZigBee技术的应用设计与分析

随着无线网络技术和传感技术的发展,物联网时代促进了无线传感网络监控系统的发展,监控系统已经从视频监控的传统模式被无线传感网络的监控模式所取代.无线传感网络监控系统中最主要的技术是ZigBee技术,ZigBee技术可以实现多个传感器之间的相互通信.本文对无线传感器网络的特点和功能进行了分析,在ZigBee技术的基础之上对无线传感器网络监控系统的硬件和软件进行了设计和研究.     

通用物联网监测系统软件设计

针对在不同领域的物联网监测应用设计了一种通用物联网监测系统软件。该软件系统依托的硬件设备预留外部接口高达40个,只需在符合连接此接口标准的传感器的同时,对在上层软件页面进行修改。便可方便进行插拔,大幅的增强了系统应用的扩展性。系统基于B/S模式,采用Struts2+Spring+hibernate的框架设计搭建了一个Web平台,可完成应用与设备的增删改查,传感器数据的列表和曲线显示。同时,给出了系统的总体目标、主要功能和具体的设计实现。     

基于nRF24L01的无线传感器网络节点设计

根据无线传感器网络节点的硬件体系结构,设计出了节点,极大地降低了功耗。系统以AT89C2051单片机为核心,采用数字式温度传感器DS18B20、无线收发芯片nRF24L01实现了温度的采集、无线收发等,给出了系统硬件及软件的具体设计思想与实现方法,最后进行了实际测试。     

一体式无线无源振动传感器设计

现阶段无线传感器的供电主要依靠的依然是一次电池或可充电电池,无论哪种电池,其寿命都是有限且短暂的,大量的更换及废弃势必会对生态环境造成极大的污染。由此提出一种基于振动能量采集的自供电传感器,基于电磁感应对振动能量进行采集利用;低功耗单片机利用所收集的能量对发电单元所产生的信号进行采集,作为振动传感信号。实验结果证明,该无源传感器可在2 Hz^200 Hz的振动环境下稳定的工作,所采集的信号同样与实际振动环境一致。     

压电发电微电源国外研究进展

微加工技术极大地促进了各类传感器系统的微型化、集成化,使微机电系统(MEMS)功能越来越强,功耗、体积越来越小,而微能源部分却日益成为MEMS微型化设计的瓶颈。该文系统介绍了一种在MEMS应用中有极具发展潜力的能源供应方式——压电微能源。压电微能源可通过收集环境能量来发电,具有长寿命、高能量密度、与MEMS工艺兼容等优点,在微系统中具有广泛的应用前景。     

无线传感器网络能耗分析与策略研究

无线传感器网络技术得到了广泛应用,但是该技术一直受能量的制约,因此能量始终是无线传感器网络的核心问题。通过对传感器节点结构与网络体系的分析,得出了传感器网络的能耗特性。为了延长无线传感器网络的生命周期,对传感器节点工作能耗与传感网络能耗做了具体研究,再从低功耗节点设计、网络协议及环境中能量补给三个方面总结出了一套有效的节能策略。     

A distributed activity scheduling algorithm for wireless sensor networks with partial coverage

One of the most important design objectives in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is minimizing the energy consumption since these networks are expected to operate in harsh conditions where the recharging of batteries is impractical, if not impossible. The sleep scheduling mechanism allows sensors to sleep intermittently in order to reduce energy consumption and extend network lifetime. In applications where 100% coverage of the network field is not crucial, allowing the coverage to drop below full coverage while keeping above a predetermined threshold, i.e., partial coverage, can further increase the network lifetime. In this paper, we develop the distributed adaptive sleep scheduling algorithm (DASSA) for WSNs with partial coverage. DASSA does not require location information of sensors while maintaining connectivity and satisfying a user defined coverage target. In DASSA, nodes use the residual energy levels and feedback from the sink for scheduling the activity of their neighbors. This feedback mechanism reduces the randomness in scheduling that would otherwise occur due to the absence of location information. The performance of DASSA is compared with an integer linear programming (ILP) based centralized sleep scheduling algorithm (CSSA), which is devised to find the maximum number of rounds the network can survive assuming that the location information of all sensors is available. DASSA is also compared with the decentralized DGT algorithm. DASSA attains network lifetimes up to 92% of the centralized solution and it achieves significantly longer lifetimes compared with the DGT algorithm.     

Hardware compression scheme based on low complexity arithmetic encoding for low power image transmission over WSNs

Software implementation costs of most algorithms, designed for image compression in wireless sensor networks, do not justify their use to reduce the energy consumption and delay transmission of images. Even though the hardware solution looks to be very attractive for this problem, a specific care should be paid when designing a low power algorithm for image compression and transmission over these systems. The aim of this paper is to present and evaluate a hardware implementation for user-driven image compression scheme designed to respect the energy constraints of image transmission over wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed encoder will be considered as a co-processor for tasks related with image compression and data packetization. In this paper, we discuss both of the hardware architecture and the features of this encoder circuit when prototyped on FPGA (field-programmable gate array) and ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) circuits.     

低功耗水下探测器设计

水下探测器是海洋环境监测的重要设备,为解决传统水下无人探测器续航能力弱等问题,设计了一种新型的低功耗水下探测器。其采用新型集成式传感器,降低了传感器电路的功耗;具备多功能扩展接口,可搭载其它传感器或推进装置;搭载的能量采集模块用来获取探测器周边环境能量,可提高探测器的续航能力;主控电路采用了低功耗设计,可对不同传感器及功能模块进行单独控制,精准调控电路系统的功耗,优化供电逻辑,大大提高探测器的集成度和续航能力。     

一种基于无线传感器的血液净化监测网络设计

提出了一种基于短距离无线通信技术的传感器网络监测设计方案,设计中采用了MSP430系列微处理器进行信号调节和数值处理,通过集成电源模块、输入模块、无线传输模块和LCD显示模块形成患者生命体征监护传感器的终端节点;在阐述血液净化原理的基础上进行系统的硬件和软件设计,系统分析了各传感器节点与血液净化中心节点之间的实时网络数据传输,解决了血液净化中运行状态的过程控制、患者实时体征监测和实时参数调节等系列问题,最后通过实验仿真测试达到了个性化治疗和安全监控的目的。     

Low-power/low-voltage RF microsystems for wireless sensors networks

This paper presents radio-frequency (RF) microsystems (MSTs) composed by low-power devices for use in wireless sensors networks (WSNs). The RF CMOS transceiver is the main electronic system and its power consumption is a critical issue. Two RF CMOS transceivers with low-power and low-voltage supply were fabricated to operate in the 2.4 and 5.7 GHz ISM bands. The measurements made in the RF CMOS transceiver at 2.4 GHz, which showed a sensitivity of −60 dBm with a power consumption of 6.3 mW from 1.8 V supply. The measurements also showed that the transmitter delivers an output power of 0 dBm with a power consumption of 11.2 mW. The RF CMOS transceiver at 5.7 GHz has a total power consumption of 23 mW. The target application of these RF CMOS transceivers is for MSTs integration and for use as low-power nodes in WSNs to work during large periods of time without human operation, management and maintenance. These RF CMOS transceivers are also suitable for integration in thermoelectric energy scavenging MSTs.     

Energy awareness workflow model for wireless sensor nodes

Before the development of a large‐scale wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure, it is necessary to create a model to evaluate the lifespan of the infrastructure, the system performance and the cost so that the best design solution can be obtained. Energy consumption is an important factor that influences the lifespan of WSNs. One of the ways to extend the lifespan of WSNs is to design wireless sensor nodes with low power consumption. This involves component selection and the optimisation of hardware architecture, monitoring software system and protocols to satisfy the requirements of the particular applications. This paper proposes a comprehensive model to describe the workflow of a wireless sensor node. Parameter setup and energy consumption calculation are demonstrated through the model simulation. It provides a mathematical approach to dynamically evaluate the energy consumption of a sensor node. This will benefit the development of wireless sensor nodes based on microprocessors with limited computational capability. Therefore, the model can be applied in dynamic power management systems for wireless sensor nodes or in wireless communication protocols with energy awareness, in particular, for WSNs with self‐organisation. More importantly, the generalisation of the model may be employed as a standard paradigm for the development of wireless sensor node with energy awareness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.