A framework for the elderly first aid system by integrating vision-based fall detection and BIM-based indoor rescue routing

The occurrence of falls among older adults may result in life-threatening injuries and accidental deaths due to their vulnerability. As such, an advanced first aid system is significantly necessary to accurately detect falls and provide prompt assistance. However, current research primarily focused on fall prevention, fall detection, and first aid services after falling, thus lacking studies dealing with a systematic solution. To address this issue, the present research proposes an integrated framework for the elderly first aid system in an indoor environment using computer vision and building information model (BIM) techniques, which consists of three primary components: a vision-based module for fall detection, a cloud server (internet), and a BIM-based module for rescue routing. The experimental results showed that the proposed method could achieve 94.1% precision in identifying the fall status of older adults (i.e., falling or non-falling). Also, the proposed method enabled to automatically generate a rescue route in consideration of the routing accessibility for first aid in a BIM environment. The framework proposed in this study will improve the efficiency of the elderly first aid when falls occur, with shortening the rescue time to mitigate injury severity.     

A BIM-based simulation framework for fire safety management and investigation of the critical factors affecting human evacuation performance

Fire hazards are a big threat to human life and property safety. The U.S. fire statistics reveal that, in 2017 alone, 1,319,500 fires caused 3400 deaths and 14,670 injuries, which resulted in a loss of $23 billion [1]. Effective evacuation planning in densely occupied buildings should be primarily put in place if both the number of injuries/fatalities and the level of property loss are to be minimized. However, it is not realistic, and is unethical to study human evacuation performance under a burning building. For this reason, computational tools tend to be the best approach for simulating fire growth as well as human response to fire hazards. This study aims to develop a BIM-based simulation framework that implements the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) and agent-based modeling (ABM) for simulating fire growth and evacuation performance for different building layout scenarios. An experimental implementation is conducted to validate the proposed framework, which verified the benefits of (1) using BIM to offer a platform for conducting simulation design and visualizing the simulation results of (a) hazardous fire zones and (b) effective escape routes; (2) simulating fire growth using the FDS tool; (3) developing an agent-based model that accounts for the critical factors affecting evacuation performance; and (4) applying a statistical analysis for investigating the effects of influential parameters from the proposed model. As a result, the simulation outputs can be used to optimize the building design and to investigate the influential factors on human evacuation efficiency. The proposed framework contributes to building fire safety management by enabling to minimize both injuries/fatalities and property loss.     

态势图形处理在灭火救援系统中的应用与实践

复杂多样的现代火灾救援对消防信息化建设提出了更高的要求,逐渐暴露现有系统的弊端和不足:顶层设计缺乏,资源共享困难,系统间互连互通不畅。在一体化消防业务信息系统建设中,重点研究了态势图形处理如何贯穿在整个灭火救援指挥业务链中,在数字化预案制作、灭火救援指挥调度以及灾后战评总结中实现一张态势图跨系统间的综合运用。支持多源、多尺度背景的消防力量部署图交互式标绘技术,基于时间轴的态势演播技术的运用丰富了跨区域灭火救援指挥调度手段,针对高楼灭火的特点,提出了高层灭火态势的立体展现技术,能够从不同角度直观反应救援现场的各种态势,为指挥员的决策分析提供辅助支持。     

井下火灾中逃生人员健康度评价模型

在井下火灾逃生过程中,矿井人员在有害环境影响下的身体状况对其逃生的成功与否具有决定性作用。提出了井下火灾中逃生人员健康度的概念,综合分析了热辐射、有毒气体、烟尘颗粒及缺氧等危害因素对井下人员健康度的影响。基于模糊综合评价方法,建立了上述危害因素对逃生人员健康度的影响评价模型,并建立了人员在逃生过程中的健康度的动态评价方法。利用火灾模拟软件FDS对井下火灾实例进行了简单模拟,模拟结果验证了该评价方法的实用性和有效性。人员健康度能够对复杂灾害环境中的逃生人员状态进行综合评价,为井下灾害中的逃生路径决策提供量化的标准。     

新的RoboCup救援仿真分区消防策略

在RoboCup救援仿真的消防策略中,火势蔓延的控制对救援的效果有着重要的作用。大多数队伍采用基于单个建筑的各种指标的单目标选择法,该方法在着火建筑较多或者火势蔓延快时难以对火势进行有效控制。提出一种新的基于密度聚类的分区方法,根据火势蔓延速度将所有建筑进行聚类分析形成建筑簇并分开成为不同的区域,然后综合建筑的属性作为权值选择目标区域和灭火建筑,从而有效地控制火灾的蔓延甚至将火灾完全扑灭。最后通过仿真实验和比赛验证了该方法的有效性。     

Creating and evaluating a particle system for music visualization

In this paper, we present a simplified 3D particle system and fast translation algorithm we have designed and implemented to generate real-time animated particle emitter fountains choreographed by a classical music. The approach we used to translate and map the controlling information into the musical fountain animation is also introduced, as well as the process to build the physical model of the music fountains. A proof of concept is implemented to demonstrate the main system's aspects, its feasibility, and that it has met the system's design goals. Moreover, it shows that is possible to observe visual patterns that match the theme of the musical composition, as an example of how the system can be used not only for visual appreciation and entertainment, but also as a possible support tool for music composition. We have also conducted a user study as an evaluation of the system. The results of this have provided us with positive and useful feedback on the effectiveness of our visual mappings as well as further directions to explore.     

Recognition of process patterns for BIM-based construction schedules

Construction scheduling is a very demanding and time intensive process. Building information modeling (BIM) is becoming increasingly important for planning and scheduling, as it provides significant support for this difficult assignment. Further improvements can be achieved by applying predefined process templates for BIM-based schedules. It can reduce the planning time and thus increase the productivity. However, a manual definition of proper and application-specific process templates is very challenging. The automatic detection of recurring similar configurations of construction processes, called process patterns, would greatly support this complex task. Identified process patterns can be subsequently generalized, supporting the design of process templates. This contribution presents an overall concept for process pattern recognition in BIM-based construction schedules by applying graph-based methods. Due to the fact that graph matching algorithms are in general very time- and resource-consuming, an indexing technique based on features is used to solve this problem more efficiently. The paper focuses on the estimation of similarity in construction schedules, describing feature-based methods and similarity measure definitions in detail. Another emphasis is the preparation of schedules for the recognition of process patterns, including decomposition of schedules into smaller parts, referred to as subschedules, and normalization of features. The potential of this concept is demonstrated by two different case studies. The proper results of the evaluation show that the proposed method and similarity metrics are sufficient for the recognition of process patterns in construction schedules.     

可视化隧道火灾仿真系统开发

FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)作为一种高效的火灾模拟软件,前处理操作集中在一个data文本文件中,需要操作人员熟知各输入数据参数的格式,而且在对非规则边界隧道进行火灾模拟时有很大局限性.为了简化操作,实现非规则边界隧道的建模,通过应用一种由矩形方块拟合圆弧墙或斜线墙的算法来实现非规则边界隧道建模,并通过实现与DXF文件的接口来简化建模过程,大大改善了软件的可操作性能;最后给出了用该软件对非矩形边界隧道火灾的数值模拟应用.通过编制可视化软件并集成了非规则边界隧道建模算法,简化了隧道火灾仿真的建模操作,可以很好地解决隧道火灾仿真问题.     

A novel intrusion detection system based on feature generation with visualization strategy

In this paper, a four-angle-star based visualized feature generation approach, FASVFG, is proposed to evaluate the distance between samples in a 5-class classification problem. Based on the four angle star image, numerical features are generated for network visit data from KDDcup99, and an efficient intrusion detection system with less features is proposed. The FASVFG-based classifier achieves a high generalization accuracy of 94.3555% in validation experiment, and the average Mathews correlation coefficient reaches 0.8858.     

矿山安全生产应急救援指挥系统设计

针对目前的煤矿应急救援指挥存在难以快速地进行联动和信息共享的问题,设计了一种矿山安全生产应急救援指挥系统。介绍了该系统的信息传输网络拓扑和软件功能模块设计。实际应用表明,该系统可及时提供发生事故矿井的基本信息、应急预案、各种矿井图纸以及应急人员、设备物资、救援车辆等救援资源的分布情况,为安全生产应急救援和指挥决策提供了全方位的信息支撑。     

MSA火灾报警系统中图像型火源定位研究

图像型火灾探测系统是MSA(Multi-Step-Alarm)火灾系统中的重要环节,其重要任务之一是对监控场景中的火源进行精确定位。而在实际应用中,由于安装等因素的原因,要获取摄像机的图像坐标系与世界坐标系之间转换的关键参数非常困难。提出了一种基于双灭点的图像透视投影的坐标转换方法,该方法通过分析世界坐标系中4个点在图像坐标系中的位置关系,可以实现图像坐标系与世界坐标系之间的转换。实验结果证明该方法简便实用。     

远距离、大空间火灾预警系统的设计

报道了远距离、大空间火灾综合监测与报警系统。介绍了该装置的原理、结构、试验结果及性能,讨论了其中的关键问题及其解决的技术方案,使用结果表明系统具有良好的实用推广价值。     

A rule-based machine vision system for fire detection in aircraft dry bays and engine compartments

In this paper, a rule-based machine vision approach is applied to detect and categorize hydrocarbon fires in aircraft dry bays and engine compartments. Images for computer analysis are provided by charge-coupled device imaging sensors placed inside dry bays and engine compartments. Using a set of heuristics based on statistical measures derived from the histogram and image subtraction analyses of successive image frames, we showed that it is possible to detect and categorize life-threatening fires from non-fire/non-lethal events accurately in sub-millisecond response time. Specifically, the median, standard deviation, and first-order moment statistical measures of the histogram data of each image frame are used to confirm the presence or absence of fire. Concurrently, another set of mean, median, and standard deviation statistical measures from the image subtraction of two successive frames are used to determine the growth and subsequently reaffirm the existence of a fire. This approach is also tested for false alarms such as those due to flashlights and high-power halogen lights.     

A combustion-based technique for fire animation and visualization

In this paper, we present a new fire animation and visualization scheme. The most difficult problem in creating fire animation is how to simulate the mechanism of emitting the light and heat of fire. We attack the difficulty by presenting a simulation scheme for the combustion process in voxelized space where the numerical solution of the classical fluid equations is implemented. Therefore, the combustion process is simulated at each voxel and the amount of heat generated at the voxel is estimated. The generated heat will increase the temperature at the voxel, which results in the increase of the turbulent motion of fire. We also propose a visualization scheme that is based on a photon mapping algorithm in order to render fire and various lighting effects of fire to the environments.     

A GIS-based borehole data management and 3D visualization system

The use of subsurface data for problem solving is limited in part by the freedom the user has in their choice of data structures. If a user is allowed to work with the data in a familiar way, they can spend more time performing analysis tasks and less time restructuring data, thus increasing productivity and reducing the risks associated with a series of data modification cycles. Borehole information system (BoreIS) is based upon this principle. Design was guided by interviews with geologists who were targeted as potential users of the software, and BoreIS was developed as an extension to ESRI's ArcScene three-dimensional (3D) GIS environment. BoreIS uses borehole or well data supplied by the user to develop a 3D GIS representation which can be queried, visualized, and analysed. By asking relevant questions about data stored in Excel spreadsheets, BoreIS can automate many high-level GIS functions so that an inexperienced GIS user can still use the system. By matching table elements to spatially and geologically significant terms through the interactive setup, users can work with the data more closely matched to the geological problem domain. This allows the novice user to use powerful GIS functions to discover spatial patterns in their data. BoreIS’ interactive manipulation of terms in complex queries, simple addition of contoured surfaces, and masking by lithology or formation helps geologists find spatial patterns in their data, beyond the limits of data tables and flat maps.     

CTViz: A tool for the visualization of transport in nanocomposites

A visualization tool (CTViz) for charge transport processes in 3-D hybrid materials (nanocomposites) was developed, inspired by the need for a graphical application to assist in code debugging and data presentation of an existing in-house code. As the simulation code grew, troubleshooting problems grew increasingly difficult without an effective way to visualize 3-D samples and charge transport in those samples. CTViz is able to produce publication and presentation quality visuals of the simulation box, as well as static and animated visuals of the paths of individual carriers through the sample. CTViz was designed to provide a high degree of flexibility in the visualization of the data. A feature that characterizes this tool is the use of shade and transparency levels to highlight important details in the morphology or in the transport paths by hiding or dimming elements of little relevance to the current view. This is fundamental for the visualization of 3-D systems with complex structures. The code presented here provides these required capabilities, but has gone beyond the original design and could be used as is or easily adapted for the visualization of other particulate transport where transport occurs on discrete paths.     

关于高速公路交通事件紧急救援系统的探讨

高速公路紧急救援是以救护生命,减少损失为基本宗旨的,是社会保障建设的重要方面。本文笔者根据自己的实践经验,分析了高速公路紧急救援的流程,探讨了紧急救援系统的信息化管理。     

Searching efficient plans for emergency rescue through simulation: the case of a metro fire

In this paper we present the way we modelled and simulated a metro system in the case of a tunnel fire, and discuss the ways this simulation may support the search for efficient rescue plans. The metro system was modelled as a complex adaptive system, comprising four interacting and co-evolving subsystems: (i) the fire and the released smoke, (ii) the group of passengers, (iii) the technological system, and (iv) the metro personnel. Based on this model, an agent-based simulation was developed. This simulation provides an appropriate dynamic representation of the designers problem space, enabling him (i) to apprehend the critical dependencies and invariants of the system under consideration, (ii) to identify the features that should characterise the designed emergency rescue plans, and (iii) to assess their efficiency. To demonstrate the usefulness of the adopted approach for the design of an efficient emergency rescue plan, the results of two experiments exploring alternative sequences of the metro personnels actions under different circumstances are presented.     

A visualization metric for dimensionality reduction

Data visualization of high-dimensional data is possible through the use of dimensionality reduction techniques. However, in deciding which dimensionality reduction techniques to use in practice, quantitative metrics are necessary for evaluating the results of the transformation and visualization of the lower dimensional embedding. In this paper, we propose a manifold visualization metric based on the pairwise correlation of the geodesic distance in a data manifold. This metric is compared with other metrics based on the Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance, City Block metric, Minkowski metric, cosine distance, Chebychev distance, and Spearman distance. The results of applying different dimensionality reduction techniques on various types of nonlinear manifolds are compared and discussed. Our experiments show that our proposed metric is suitable for quantitatively evaluating the results of the dimensionality reduction techniques if the data lies on an open planar nonlinear manifold. This has practical significance in the implementation of knowledge-based visualization systems and the application of knowledge-based dimensionality reduction methods.     

分析基于webGIS的安全生产应急救援系统的实现

webGIS安全生产应急救援系统的实现,为处理突发性安全事故提供了有效的数据资料,其中包括救援资源、事故周边环境信息以及事故的隐患分析等.它有效地提高了突发安全生产事故产生时的应急反应能力、指挥决策能力及事故处理效率.因此,在安全事故的处理中发挥着越来越重大的影响.