新型阻燃剂BPP的应用研究

研究了阻燃剂磷酸三（2,4-二溴苯基）酯（BPP）的性能及其在30％玻纤增强PBT、PC中的应用。结果表明：BPP毒性低,热稳定性高（开始分解温度达310℃以上）,阻燃性好,能显著改善树脂的加工性能和力学性能。用于30％玻纤增强PBT中,BPP分子中溴,磷的协同效应使其阻燃性能优于阻燃剂PBO。用于透明PC中,由于BPP分子中溴／磷的协同效应大于PBO和Sb2O3的溴,锑协同效应,含BPP的PC氧指数大于含PBO的PC。BPP对PC的透光率无影响,并显著改善了PC和PBO的加工性能和力学性能。     

阻燃剂对玻纤增强尼龙66性能的影响

比较和分析了不同类型阻燃剂对玻纤增强尼龙（PA）66性能的影响。结果表明，在PA常用阻燃剂卤化物，红磷和氮化物中，红磷是帛得具有良好力学性能，电性能的阻燃增强PA66的最佳阻燃剂：溴化物阻燃的玻纤增强PA66也具有良好的综合性能；氮化物需加入较多的用量才能获得同样的阻燃效果；采用氮－磷或溴－磷复合阻燃体系可提高阻燃效果，减少阻燃剂总用量，从而保持玻纤增强PA66较高的力学性能，使其有更优异的使用性能。     

溴代聚碳酸酯类阻燃剂

聚溴代碳酸酯（溴代PC）类阻燃剂是完全用四溴双酚A替代双酚A制成的纯溴代PC齐聚物．其用途不是作为阻燃材料直接加工成制品，而是作为聚合物的阻燃助剂。作为一种溴系阻燃剂，溴代PC阻燃剂属于溴含量较低（〈60％）的一类，它具有热稳定性高、渗出量少、加工性能优异、对树脂的物理性能影响较少、不腐蚀等优点。例如。聚酯（PET和PBT）中约40％的聚酯为阻燃级产品。     

阻燃PBT的耐侯性能研究

考察了溴系阻燃剂、磷氮系阻燃剂对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）力学性能、耐光老化性能的影响，还研究了酸吸收剂对阻燃PBT材料的力学性能、紫外线稳定性的影响。结果表明，钙锌稳定剂能提高卤系阻燃材料的耐侯性能，无卤阻燃PBT的耐侯性能优于卤系阻燃PBT（1000h，△E≤3）。     

耐热阻燃ABS/PBT合金的性能研究

以十溴二苯乙烷、三(三溴苯基)氰尿酸酯(溴代三嗪)和溴化环氧为阻燃剂、三氧化二锑为阻燃协效剂,对ABS/PBT合金进行阻燃改性,并在阻燃合金体系中引入聚碳酸酯(PC)协同阻燃及提高耐热性能。考察阻燃剂种类、PC含量和PBT含量对阻燃ABS/PBT合金的力学性能、耐热性能及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,采用溴代三嗪作为阻燃剂制备的ABS/PBT合金综合性能较好;PC的引入可明显提高合金的力学性能和耐热性能,降低溴系阻燃剂及阻燃协效剂的添加量,但会导致合金流动性下降;随着PBT含量的提高,合金的拉伸性能、弯曲性能及流动性提高,冲击性能及热变形温度(HDT)稍有下降。     

磷、溴阻燃剂在PC/ABS合金中的应用

对阻燃PC／ABS合金所用的阻燃剂进行了对比试验。结果表明。当PC／ABS质量比为7：3时，添加阻燃PC／ABS合金量的13％左右的溴系阻燃剂，可使材料的阻燃性能达到UL-94 V-0级（1．6mm）；磷酸酯系阻燃剂由于对ABS的阻燃效果不好，只有在材料中PC质量分数大于70％时，才有阻燃效果；用溴-磷酸酯系阻燃剂，即使在材料中PC质量分数为50％时，也能达到UL-94 V-0级（1.6mm），说明磷与溴在PC／ABS合金中有协效作用，将磷酸酯系阻燃剂与溴系阻燃剂复配使用．在阻燃PC／ABS合金中．亦有类似的效果。     

一种三嗪阻燃剂对玻纤增强PET体系性能的影响

比较了新型阻燃剂无析出阻燃剂A和十溴联苯醚对玻纤增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）体系的阻燃和力学性能的影响以及阻燃剂在体系中的抗析出性能。结果表明，两种阻燃剂对体系性能的贡献几乎一样，但无析出阻燃剂A具有良好的抗析出性。借助扫描电镜（SEM）对体系的微观结构的分析发现无析出阻燃剂A在PET基体中分散均匀，颗粒尺寸小而一致。在不同工程塑料中加入无析出阻燃剂A后发现，PET体系的阻燃性能明显高于而力学性能则大大低于PBT和尼龙体系，这在很大程度上是由于无析出阻燃剂A体系使PET树脂摩尔质量降低所致。此外，还讨论了玻纤对十溴联苯醚阻燃PET的影响。适当提高玻纤的加入量，不仅可以提高体系的力学性能，还可以改善其阻燃性能。     

阻燃PBT工程塑料的研制

以演化聚苯乙烯、两种溴化碳酸酯齐聚物、溴化环氧树脂4种高分子化合物为阻燃剂,制备玻纤增强阻燃PBT工程塑料,对产品的阻燃性能、力学性能、析出性能、抗紫外世、色相等进行了研究,结果表明部分性能与420SEO性能相当。     

阻燃增强PBT的性能介绍

我司长期研发生产环境友好型的阻燃增强PBT,文章主要介绍玻纤增强20%的阻燃PBT的生产工艺以及产品性能。重点分析了阻燃增强PBT的阻燃性能的改善,配方中使用了经典的协同效应——卤锑协同效应作为阻燃体系,有效提高产品的阻燃性能。     

海外资讯

工程塑料无卤阻燃剂以色列助剂生产厂Algem ia公司最近在欧洲成立分公司,扩大业务,并推出一些无卤阻燃剂牌号和阻燃母料,开发应用的目标为尼龙6、尼龙66、PBT和聚碳酸酯(PC)。阻燃剂母料M-0320,应用于包括玻纤增强或本色、无增强尼龙的牌号。M-0320不会影响和降低尼龙的机械性能和CTI(耐漏电起痕指数)值,应用领域为电子电器工业。M-0426是PBT聚酯用母料,在玻纤增强PBT中含量达26%时,PBT阻燃性达U L94V-0级,玻纤增强PBT仍保持良好的机械性能。K0160和K0291是专用于阻燃PC配混料的牌号。[唐伟家译自“European PlasticsNews”,2…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。