Harmony search algorithm for image reconstruction from projections

Image reconstruction from projections is an important problem in the areas of microscopy, geophysics, astrophysics, satellite and medical imaging. The problem of image reconstruction from projections is considered as an optimization problem where a meta-heuristic technique can be used to solve it. In this paper, we propose a new method based on harmony search (HS) meta-heuristic for image reconstruction from projections. The HS method is combined then with a local search method (LS) to improve the quality of reconstructed images in tomography. The two proposed methods (HS and hybrid HS) are validated on some images and compared with both the filtered back-projection (FBP) and the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) methods. The numerical results are encouraging and demonstrate the benefits of the proposed methods for image reconstruction in tomography.     

Parallel programming of gradient-based iterative image reconstruction schemes for optical tomography

Optical tomography (OT) is a fast developing novel imaging modality that uses near-infrared (NIR) light to obtain cross-sectional views of optical properties inside the human body. A major challenge remains the time-consuming, computational-intensive image reconstruction problem that converts NIR transmission measurements into cross-sectional images. To increase the speed of iterative image reconstruction schemes that are commonly applied for OT, we have developed and implemented several parallel algorithms on a cluster of workstations. Static process distribution as well as dynamic load balancing schemes suitable for heterogeneous clusters and varying machine performances are introduced and tested. The resulting algorithms are shown to accelerate the reconstruction process to various degrees, substantially reducing the computation times for clinically relevant problems.     

少量投影多准则CT图像重建的遗传算法研究

在投影数量极少的情况下实现CT图像重建,是一不完全问题,传统FBP、ART算法一般无法解决此类问题。通过附加先验约束,引入多重准则,将其转化为多目标约束下的最优化问题,然后应用遗传算法求得全局最优解。典型算例表明,在相同条件下其重建效果要优于传统算法。     

一种针对特定密度检测的快速FBP算法

提出了一种针对特定密度检测的快速FBP算法。首先进行不完全数据投影重建,然后依据对密度的先验知识对初步重建图像进行聚类分割,最后找出感兴趣区域来精确重建。文末对该方法进行了实验,并将实验结果和传统FBP算法、几何参数表法做出主观、客观上的比较评价。结果表明,该算法不但能在很大程度上提高传统FBP算法的速度,而且对于感兴趣区域的重建质量上没有影响。     

扇束等距CT滤波反投影重建算法的研究

我们提出了一种快速的扇束等距CT滤波反投影重建算法.这种新算法是传统标准滤波反投影（FBP）重建算法的加速形式,主要通过减少投影数量然后重建子图象来实现.实验结果表明：对于一幅512x512图像,这种算法可以将重建过程加速40倍以上,并且不会引入明显的图像误差.     

Hybrid Ultrasonic Computed Tomography

Ultrasonic computed tomography can provide valuable information on tissue properties. However, the large number of projections required to obtain a high-resolution image renders it impractical for routine clinical use. B-scan imaging, on the other hand is very rapid, but mainly provides information on tissue morphology. An algorithm which fuses information from a compound B-scan image and a limited view speed of sound (SOS) tomographic reconstruction of an object is presented here. The algorithm is iterative and is based on the two-dimensional Taylor series expansion. The algorithm diminishes artifacts caused by tomographic reconstruction from too few projections and produces an image which depicts both tissue morphology and acoustic properties (SOS). Consequently, quantitative images can be acquired in a much shorter time than required by conventional tomography. This method may potentially find application in ultrasonic breast screening.     

CT投影采样策略对重建质量影响综述

针对计算机断层成像（Computed Tomography,CT）中投影数据与图像重建关系,综述了CT在投影策略方面对重建质量的影响.对不同采样策略获取的不完全投影数据,应用迭代类算法对投影数据进行重建,研究了均匀采样和非均匀采样情况下不同数据结构对重建图像质量的影响.对仿真数据和实际数据重建结果进行分析,同时对不同策略下的投影数据结合其数据分布特点探讨了重建质量优劣的原因.论文可以为CT重建领域的研究工作者提供全面的采样方法梳理和总结,为当前不完全投影数据获取方式对应的算法改进提供思路,最后对当前研究重点和未来发展进行了展望.     

有序子集最小二乘OS—LS图像重建迭代算法

为推导一种新的快速图像迭代重建方法，首先将有序子集(ordered subsets，OS)技术应用到最小二乘图像重建迭代算法(least square reconstruction，LS)；然后对仿真Phantom模型数据和实际医用正电子发射断层成像仪(PET)数据进行重建，并研究了在不同子集划分下的重建结果，同时分析比较了不同子集的选取对OS—LS重建罔像质量以及重建收敛速度的影响。重建结果表明，这种基于有序子集的最小二乘图像重建迭代算法(OS—LS)具有较高的重建图像质量和较短的计算时间，相对于传统LS算法的重建，OS—LS的收敛速度加速了约L倍(L为子集个数)．其重建图像质量也好于传统的滤波反投影(FBP)方法的重建．町应用在PET图像重建中。     

高精度CT图像重建的并行运算实现

为解决超大图像(2048×2048)的FBP与OR-OSEM扇束图像重建,作者采用PC机群的并行处理技术。将图像重建算法改写为并行运算方式,按角度数均匀地分配计算任务给各个CPU。并行运算结果表明:图像重建速度与CPU的个数基本上成线性正比关系,可提高近25倍(CPU数为25时)。超大图像的在线重建可采用CPU阵列机来高速实现,这一技术对发展高精度CT具有重要的作用。     

基于DSP的PET图像重建方法

以美国德州仪器公司的高性能数字信号处理器TMS320C6455为核心,在低成本DSP（Digital Signal Processor）平台上优化并实现了一种基于滤波反投影的PET（Positron Emission Tomography）图像重建算法FBP （Filtered Back Projection）。实验结果表明,通过针对性的算法和代码优化,系统能够在40秒内完成512×512分辨率PET图像的重建,并获得满足应用需要的图像清晰度。基于DSP平台的PET图像重建方法在PET医学图像重建及其他医学成像领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Wavelet based local tomographic image using terahertz techniques

Terahertz computed tomography has been developed based on coherent THz detection and filtered back projection (FBP) algorithms, which allows the global imaging of the internal structure and extraction of the frequency dependent properties. It offers a promising approach for achieving non-invasive inspection of solid materials. However, with traditional CT techniques, i.e. FBP algorithms, full exposure data are needed for inverting the Radon transform to produce cross sectional images. This remains true even if the region of interest is a small subset of the entire image. For time-domain terahertz measurements, the requirement for full exposure data is impractical due to the slow measurement process. This paper explores time domain reconstruction of terahertz measurements by applying wavelet-based filtered back projection algorithms for recovery of a local area of interest from terahertz measurements within its vicinity, and thus improves the feasibility of using terahertz imaging to detect defects in solid materials and diagnose disease states for clinical practise, to name a few applications.     

用线性神经网络映射光学过程层析成像的逆问题

过程层析成像 (Process tomography)的逆问题也称为成像算法 ,它不仅需要反映被测物质与激励场的相互作用原理 ,而且应与传感器的空间阵列结构相匹配 .成像算法的性能好坏 (包括图象质量和每帧计算需时 )是过程层析成像技术能否应用于工业过程监控系统的关键问题之一 .为了得到性能良好的重建图象 ,提出了一种线性神经网络图象重建算法 .该算法首先通过建立光学层析成像的正问题和逆问题的线性化模型来求解正问题 ,以得出图象和投影的关系模式对 ,然后将其用于训练和构造线性神经网络 ;最后使用训练好的线性神经网络来映射光学层析成像的逆问题 .实验表明 ,该方法具有较高的图象质量和极高的成像实时性 ,是一种性能良好的图象重建算法     

Cone Beam CT using motion-compensated algebraic reconstruction methods with limited data

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is widely used in radiation therapy for verifying treatment areas, since it provides three-dimensional image reconstruction of those tumour regions under inspection. However, organ motion is problematic during the scanning process, it causes motion artefacts on the CBCT image and can lead to mispositioning for the subsequent treatment. Moreover, patient dose is also considerable and there is a need for methods which yield acceptable image quality with as few X-ray images as possible. Although methods have been developed to handle limited projection data, such as the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART); Simultaneous ART (SART); and Ordered-Subset SART (OS-SART), this study applied motion compensation to these reconstruction techniques. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of image is calculated to study the convergence of reconstructed images compared with the truth image. When motion was applied to a phantom and the motion compensation was used to account for the motion, the results showed that motion compensation improved the quality of CBCT image, when compared to uncompensated images. Furthermore, the experiments suggested that minimising phase error, for breathing models, was more important than minimising amplitude error.     

基于梯度树的光学层析正则化重建

光学层析成像是一个病态重建过程,为降低重建过程中的病态特性,需加入合适的先验信息。目前,大多数重建都是基于扩散方程的,在某些情况下,这种重建会失败。直接基于玻耳兹曼传输模型,并以图像熵为正则化项的梯度迭代重建是一种有效的方法。该方法中,梯度计算是个难点。对此,提出一种基于梯度树的求解方法,降低光学层析图像重建的病态性,有效地重建光学层析图像。     

基于卷积神经网络的时频域CT重建算法

针对采用时域滤波器解析重建后图像存在伪影和图像细节丢失等问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的时频域计算机断层扫描（CT）重建算法。首先,在频域中构建了基于卷积神经网络的滤波器网络,实现投影数据的频域滤波;其次,利用反投影操作算子对频域滤波后结果进行域转换得到重建图像;接着,在图像域构建网络对来自反投影层的图像进行处理;最后,在采用最小均方误差损失函数基础上引入多尺度结构相似度损失函数组成复合损失函数,减轻神经网络对结果图像的模糊效应,保留重建图像细节。图像域网络和投影域滤波网络联合作用,最终得到重建结果。在临床数据集上验证了所提算法的有效性,相较于滤波反投影（FBP）算法、全变分（TV）算法及图像域残差编解码CNN（RED-CNN）算法,当投影数目分别为180和90时,所提算法重建结果图像信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似度（SSIM）最高,且归一化均方根误差（NMSE）最小;当投影数目为360时,所提算法仅次于TV算法。实验结果表明,所提算法可以提高CT图像重建图像质量,是一种可行且有效的方法。     

Image Reconstruction from Sparse Projections Using S-Transform

Sparse projections are an effective way to reduce the exposure to radiation during X-ray CT imaging. However, reconstruction of images from sparse projection data is challenging. This paper introduces a new sparse transform, referred to as S-transform, and proposes an accurate image reconstruction method based on the transform. The S-transform effectively converts the ill-posed reconstruction problem into a well-defined one by representing the image using a small set of transform coefficients. An algorithm is proposed that efficiently estimates the S-transform coefficients from the sparse projections, thus allowing the image to be accurately reconstructed using the inverse S-transform. The experimental results on both simulated and real images have consistently shown that, compared to the popular total variation (TV) method, the proposed method achieves comparable results when the projections is sparse, and substantially improves the quality of the reconstructed image when the number of the projections is relatively high. Therefore, the use of the proposed reconstruction algorithm may permit reduction of the radiation exposure without trade-off in imaging performance.     

结合改进扩散和双边滤波的低剂量CT重建

针对低剂量计算机断层扫描(CT)重建图像时出现明显条形伪影的现象,提出一种结合非局部均值模糊扩散和扩展邻域双边滤波的中值先验(MP)重建算法。首先,使用基于非局部均值模糊扩散方法对中值先验分布的最大后验(MAP)重建算法进行改进,以减少重建图像中的噪声;然后,采用基于扩展邻域的双边滤波方法对重建图像进行处理,以保持图像的边缘和细节信息,进一步提高重建图像的信噪比。采用Shepp-Logan模型和胸腔模型来验证算法的有效性,实验结果表明,与滤波反投影(FBP)、中值根先验(MRP)、非局部均值模糊扩散的MP重建(NLMMP)算法和非局部均值双边滤波的MP重建(NLMBFMP)算法相比,所提新算法的归一化均方距离和均方绝对误差最小,且信噪比最高,分别为10.20 dB和15.51 dB。该重建算法可以在对重建图像进行降噪的同时保持了图像的边缘和细节信息,改善了低剂量CT图像质量退化的问题,获得高信噪比和高质量的重建图像。     

影响ART算法重建CT图像的因素浅析

CT的基本原理是由投影重建图像,关于重建算法,提出了许多算法,其大致可以分为两大类:一类称为解析法,一类是迭代法。其中在常用的迭代重建算法即代数重建技术[1,2](Algebraic Reconstruction Technique简称为ART)ART算法中,很多因素影响图像重建的质量和效果,本文进行了一些参数仿真分析,成像效果比较。     

正则化算法在CT图像重建上的应用

由于受数据采集时间、照射剂量、成像系统扫描的几何位置等因素的约束,计算机断层成像（Computed tomography,CT）技术目前只能在有限角度范围或在较少的投影角度得到数据,这些都属于不完全角度重建问题. 因此,图像重建的算法应用变得尤为重要,本文将现有的几种正则化超分辨率重建算法应用到CT图像重建上并做了一系列的对比分析,分析不同算法下不同的图像重建效果. 首先对低分辨率CT图像进行图像配准,然后再进行样条插值放大,最后运用相关正则化算法进行超分辨率图像重建. 实验结果表明正则化算法的应用一定程度上提高了图像分辨率,其中双边正则化下的重建效果最好,基于L2范数全变分正则化效果较差.     

Reconstruction of tomographic images from limited range projections using discrete Radon transform and Tchebichef moments

This paper presents an image reconstruction method for X-ray tomography from limited range projections. It makes use of the discrete Radon transform and a set of discrete orthogonal Tchebichef polynomials to define the projection moments and the image moments. By establishing the relationship between these two sets of moments, we show how to estimate the unknown projections from known projections in order to improve the image reconstruction. Simulation results are provided in order to validate the method and to compare its performance with some existing algorithms.