灵捷系统组织结构模型与信息模型研究

在抽象层次上分析了灵捷制造系统中的各类组织单元及其相互关系,从单元化、动态性与集成范围可变等方面说明了灵捷系统本质上是易于重组的系统,因而具有灵捷性。进而建立了灵捷系统的面向对象信息模型,阐述了灵捷系统重组过程中的信息传递方式。分别从静态和动态角度构建了灵捷系统的组织结构模型与信息模型。     

面向21世纪生产系统的管理

精简－灵捷－柔性（ＬＡＦ）生产系统是我国学术界在国外研究的基础上提出的新概念，它强调并致力于组织创新和人因的发挥，以实现技术、组织和人员的快速有效集成，对市场变化作出及时响应，论述ＬＡＦ生产系统的基本特性和所应解决的问题，提出研究和发展的必要性和可能性。以及相应的措施与对策。     

新世纪的生产系统—精简,灵捷,柔性生产系统

在介绍精简、灵捷、柔性生产系统的基础上，对其组织形式、管理思想进行了探讨，认为该系统的核心是以虚拟公司为代表的企业间更加灵活的合作方式，而管理者与职工的创造能力则是该系统的关键属性。我国企业在借鉴灵捷制造时应以管理和组织创新来带动技术创新，将目标导向的创新与过程导向的持续改进有机结合。     

Study on Dynamic Modeling and Structure for Rapidly Reconfigurable Manufacturing System

提出了基于组态式柔性制造单元组成的阵列式布局的快速重组制造系统的创新结构体系,建立了以生产效益为该系统设计和运行决策目标的随机模型,应用排队网络模型静态马尔科夫工件运送方式得出系统重组时缓冲区容量的优化配置和最优工件运送策略的算法,研制了作为构建快速重组制造系统核心的新颖的组态式柔性制造单元的原型,并给出生产工程中应用所创建的阵列式可重组制造系统的成功案例。     

FMS柔性分析

灵捷制造将成为２１世纪制造企业战略。设备柔性是实现灵捷制造的必要条件之一，ＦＭＳ是制造业的关键设备，因而对其柔性和定量评价指标进行分析和研究，对实现灵捷制造具有重大的意义。本文就目前关于ＦＭＳ柔性的定义和各类定量评价指标的问题进行了分析和讨论。     

制造技术发展的新纪元——灵捷制造

介绍了制造技术的发展过程，讨论了灵捷制造的主要内容，灵捷性的几种表现形式和组织实施灵捷制造的基本要素，探讨了未来灵捷制造系统的企业基本特点。     

FMS柔性分析

灵捷制造将成为２１世纪制造企业战略。设备柔性是实现灵捷制造的必要条件之一。ＦＭＳ是制造业的关键设备，因而对其柔性和定量评价指标进行分析和研究，对实现灵捷制造具有重大的意义。本文就目前关于ＦＭＳ柔性的定义和各类定量评价指标的问题进行了分析和讨论。     

先进制造生产模式与管理的研究

先进制造生产模式是对大批量生产模式的扬弃与创新，在理论上已初具体系，在实践中取得成效的先进制造生产模式主要有柔性生产，精益生产和灵捷制造，中国学者在国外有关研究成果的基础上提出了高效快速重组（ＬＡＦ）生产系统的概念，先进制造生产模式以获取生产有效性为首要目标，以制造资源集成为基本原则，工作重点置于组织的创新和人因的发挥，从管理的角度看，先进制造生产模式有待解决的核心问题是组织创新，高素质人员的培养     

CIMS环境下的智能加工技术研究

灵捷制造是现代制造业发展的主要方向，设备柔性是实现灵捷制造根本，本文就增强底层加工设备的自治性，提高加工设备乃至整个ＣＩＭＳ的系统柔性进行了讨论，通过智能ＮＣ程序，控制接触式测头在线提取加工零件特征信息，对在线加工零件进行实时质量监控，从而为提高加工效率，改善加工状况，提高加工质量开辟了一条捷径。     

CIMS环境下的智能加工技术研究

灵捷制造是现代制造业发展的主要方向，设备柔性是实现灵捷制造的根本。本文就增强底层加工设备的自治性，提高加工设备乃至整个ＣＩＭＳ的系统柔性进行了讨论，通过智能ＮＣ程序，控制接触式测头在线提取加工零件特征信息，对在线加工零件进行实时质量监控，从而为提高加工效率、改善加工状况、提高加工质量开辟了一条捷径。     

DCOM and MMS–based control software architecture for automated manufacturing system

In this paper, we introduce the manufacturing message specification (MMS) and compare two distributed object approaches–distributed component object model (DCOM) and common object request broker architecture (CORBA), suggest characteristics that DCOM is more suitable for automated manufacturing system (AMS) control software integration. In order to make a control system provided with interoperability and reconfigurability etc., a hybrid control system is built for AMS, then a control software architecture is presented for AMS based on distributed object DCOM middleware and MMS standard. The object-oriented DCOM communication protocol is used to implement the MMS in a distributed object mode. DCOM and MMS combination brings the operating system independent communication capabilities to manufacturing devices such as CNC machine tools and industrial robots in AMS. Control software implementation of MMS concepts in the DCOM environment is particularly discussed. Finally, to verify the control software architecture for AMS, prototype development has been implemented in VC++ 6.0 developer environments.     

53Mn/55Mn实验室标准样品制备及加速器质谱测量

宇宙成因核素⁵³Mn是一种非常理想的地质定年工具。近年来,随着加速器质谱（AMS）技术的不断发展,⁵³Mn的高灵敏测量成为可能。本工作介绍了⁵³Mn/⁵⁵Mn的系列实验室标准样品的制备以及AMS测量,结果表明：⁵³Mn/⁵⁵Mn的测量值与标称值在误差范围内比较吻合且呈现良好的线性关系,中国原子能科学研究院的AMS系统对⁵³Mn的测量灵敏度可以达到10^-14。     

Mathematical programming approach to optimize material flow in an AGV-based flexible jobshop manufacturing system with performance analysis

An automated manufacturing system (AMS) is a complex network of processing, inspecting, and buffering nodes connected by system of transportation mechanisms. For an AMS, it is desirable to be capable to increase or decrease the output with the rise and fall of demand. Such specifications show the complexity of decision making in the field of AMSs and the need for concise and accurate modeling methods. Therefore, in this paper, a flexible jobshop automated manufacturing system is proposed to optimize the material flow. The flexibility is on the multi-shops of the same type and also multiple products that can be produced. An automated guided vehicle is applied for material handling. The objective is to optimize the material flow regarding the demand fluctuations and machine specifications. An illustrative example is presented to test the validity of the proposed mathematical model.     

敏捷制造系统中产品信息和访问控制模型研究

研究了敏捷制造系统中产品信息建模和访问控制建模的理论和方法,提出了面 向对象的分解准则。并阐述了本文所提出的产品信息模型和访问控制模型具备可重 构性和可重用性,能够满足制造系统敏捷性要求。     

On a maximally permissive deadlock prevention policy for automated manufacturing systems by using resource-oriented Petri nets

It is theoretically and practically significant to synthesize a maximally permissive (optimal) controller to prevent deadlocks in an automated manufacturing system (AMS). With an AMS being modeled with Petri nets, by the existing methods, integer linear programming (ILP) problems are usually formulated and solved to obtain optimal policies by forbidding illegal markings at the same time no legal marking is excluded. Without an efficient technique for solving an ILP, such a method is usually computationally prohibitive. A resource-oriented Petri net (ROPN) is employed to model a class of AMS for resolving the deadlock control problem with maximal permissiveness in this paper. Efficient methods are developed to figure out the key structures in an ROPN model for deadlock prevention. Based on the structural properties of ROPN models, this work explores several types of illegal markings that can be prohibited optimally by structural analysis. For these markings, a deadlock prevention policy can be derived in an algebraic way without solving a notorious ILP problem. For the other markings, linear programming (LP), instead of ILP, approaches are developed to forbid them optimally. Thus, a maximally permissive controller can be developed while the computational cost is reduced greatly. The proposed methods are verified by typical examples in the literature.     

Accelerator mass spectrometry

In this overview the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and its use are described. AMS is a highly sensitive method of counting atoms. It is used to detect very low concentrations of natural isotopic abundances (typically in the range between 10(-12) and 10(-16)) of both radionuclides and stable nuclides. The main advantages of AMS compared to conventional radiometric methods are the use of smaller samples (mg and even sub-mg size) and shorter measuring times (less than 1 hr). The equipment used for AMS is almost exclusively based on the electrostatic tandem accelerator, although some of the newest systems are based on a slightly different principle. Dedicated accelerators as well as older "nuclear physics machines" can be found in the 80 or so AMS laboratories in existence today. The most widely used isotope studied with AMS is 14C. Besides radiocarbon dating this isotope is used in climate studies, biomedicine applications and many other fields. More than 100,000 14C samples are measured per year. Other isotopes studied include 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 59Ni, 129I, U, and Pu. Although these measurements are important, the number of samples of these other isotopes measured each year is estimated to be less than 10% of the number of 14C samples.     

Comments on “Efficient deadlock prevention policy in automated manufacturing systems using exhausted resources”

As reported by Hu and Li (International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 40:566-571, 2009), in order to design liveness-enforcing supervisors for automated manufacturing systems (AMS), a deadlock prevention policy was proposed based on the exhausted resources. The proposed policy exploits a special structure of Petri nets for the liveness of a specific system. In order to show the applicability of this method, two examples were considered. One of the examples involves an AMS with a large-state space. Unfortunately, the liveness-enforcing supervisor containing seven monitors (control places) computed as reported by Hu and Li (International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 40:566-571, 2009) to enforce liveness on this system does not provide a live behaviour. This paper reports this fact.     

Real-Time Deadlock Detection and Recovery for Automated Manufacturing Systems

The deadlock problems of automated manufacturing systems (AMS) are discussed in this paper. A dynamic-edge graph (DEG) with double labels was designed to model the AMS, to identify distinct part flows, to represent the states and capture the concurrent behaviour of the AMS. In the AMS, we assume that each resource has its own unit-capacity buffer to which it can be transferred when a deadlock situation occurs. The motivation of this research was to define the state of each part and propose a simple, dynamic and adaptable approach, based on double labels and some basic concepts in graph theory, for detecting a deadlock in real time and resolving deadlocks in the AMS. Through this approach both the utilisation of resources and the overall throughput can be improved. The proposed algorithmic procedure, in accordance with the states arrived at and generated from the model, can serve as a functional module for the operation of an AMS without the need to revise the original control extensively. In addition, the proposed procedure can be used cooperatively with a dispatching controller and expanded with little modification. ID="A1"Correspondance and offprint requests to: Dr W.-C. Yeh, Department of Industrial Engineering, Feng Chia University, PO Box 67-100, Taichung, Taiwan 407. E-mail: wcyeh@fcu.edu.tw     

超高灵敏加速器质谱技术及应用进展

加速器质谱（AMS）诞生于20世纪70年代末,是一种基于加速器和离子探测器的高能质谱,其克服了传统质谱存在的分子本底、同量异位素本底干扰的限制,对同位素丰度测量灵敏度从传统质谱的10^-8提高至10^-15量级。目前,AMS仪器研发向更加小型化、更高灵敏度方向发展。仪器小型化是在保持测量丰度灵敏度（10^-15）的前提下,使AMS仪器与传统MS仪器的体积相似,且可以实现现场在线测量;超高灵敏度是使测量的丰度灵敏度从目前的10^-15提高至10^-16~10^-17。由于仪器小型化和高灵敏度的发展趋势,AMS的应用范围不断扩大,涉及核科学、核能与核安全、环境与资源、生物医学、考古、地质和材料科学等领域。本文综述了近年来AMS技术及其应用进展情况,并对该技术的发展前景进行了展望。