Effect of Hyperbranched Poly(amine-ester) Grafted Nano-SiO2 on Reinforcement and Toughness of PVC

Nano-SiO2 was modified using silane coupling agent(KH-550) and hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) respectively,and Poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/modified nano-SiO2 composites were made by melt-blending.The composites' structures andmechanical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),sanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and electronic universal testing machine.The results show that nano-SiO2 grafted by hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) increases obviously in dispersion in PVC matrix,and mechanical properties of PVC are effectively improved.Moreover,it was found that mechanical properties of PVC/nano-SiO2 composites reach the best when weight percent of nano-SiO2 in PVC matrix is 1%.Compared with crude PVC,the tensile strength of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) grafted nano-SiO2/PVC composite increases by 24.68% and its break elongation,flexural strength and impact strength increase by 15.73%,4.07% and 1 841.84%,respectively.Moreover,the processing of the composites is improved.     

偶联剂对PVC/纸粉复合材料性能的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂对纸粉进行表面处理,研究了纸粉填充PVC复合材料的力学性能和热学性能。研究结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂可以较好地改善纸粉与PVC基体的相容性,从而显著提高复合材料的力学性能。冲击断面扫描电镜分析表明,偶联剂改善了纸粉与基体树脂的相容性。     

HIPS插层复合材料的结构与阻燃性的关系

根据蒙脱土(MMT)特殊的片层结构,采用熔融插层法制备了HIPS/MMT及HIPS/OMMT复合材料,并用锥形量热仪对材料的燃烧性能进行测试。结果表明,材料中蒙脱土片层的取向影响材料的阻燃性;与竖直取向的HIPS/OMMT复合材料相比,水平取向的HIPS/OMMT复合材料有更低的热释放速率和质量损失速率,具有较高的阻燃性。用扫描电镜表征了不同取向材料燃烧后炭层的形貌,表明形成的炭层也具有横、竖取向。此现象解释了插层复合材料的取向影响材料的阻燃性,为聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料阻燃机理的研究提供了依据。     

尼龙66/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其电性能

用聚合物蒙脱土纳米复合材料的方法,首先,将尼龙66（PA66）和有机改性的Na-蒙脱土（OMMT）采用熔融共混,得到尼龙66/OMMT复合材料。在制备完成时,用X射线衍射仪研究PA66/OMMT中晶型变化与插层效果的影响。研究复合材料的热性能、微观结构、表面电阻和结晶行为,结果都表明OMMT对PA66有明显的影响。DSC显示出OMMT存在对PA66/OMMT复合材料非等温结晶行为的影响。OMMT的含量对OMMT在PA66基体中的分散以及材料的导电性质都有重要的影响。     

Effect of application rates of assistant agents on properties of nano SiO2/NR composites

Nano SiO₂/NR composites were prepared through blending nano SiO₂ emulsion with natural rubber latex and then concreting with acetic acid. The emulsion nano SiO₂ was prepared with Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O and hydrochloric acid under the reaction of the assistant agents. The was analyzed effect of the application rates of assistant agents such as silane coupling agent, surfactant, nucleating agent and dispersant on the properties and interface structure of the nano SiO₂/NR composites with IR, TEM, SEM, DMA was analyzed. An orthogonal test was arranged to select optimum condition. The results show that the best combination for preparing nano SiO₂/NR composites is as follows: the rate of the silane coupling agent (TESPT), the surfactant(dodecyl benzene sulfonate natrium), nucleating agent(AlCl₃) and dispersant(ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid) in the course of preparing nano SiO₂ are 15%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 0.4%, respectively. Several replications in the experiment had produced desirable nano SiO₂ products and nano SiO₂/NR composites with better properties. Funded by the Special Fund of Basic Scientific Research of Rubber Research Institute of CATAS and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Natural Rubber Processing (No. xjszx-13 and No. xjsbywfzx2009-19, 706057)     

Al18 B4O33Bi／AI复合材料室温阻尼和力学性能

为提高Al¹⁸ B⁴O³³ w/Al复合材料的室温阻尼性能,通过原位反应向复合材料的界面引入了低熔点金 属Bi.研究了涂层质量分数对涂覆后复合材料室温力学性能和阻尼性能的影响．结果表明,复合材料的力学 性能随着涂层质量分数的增加而降低;复合材料的阻尼性能则随涂覆量的增加而增加．涂覆复合材料的室温 阻尼值不仅强烈依赖于晶须表面涂覆物的质量分数而且依赖于应变振幅．涂覆复合材料在较低应变条件 (4×10_-4)下出现一个由位错机制产生的阻尼峰．当应变振幅超过6x10_-4,界面滑移成为主要的阻尼机制     

硅烷接枝聚丙烯对聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

目的研究硅烷接枝聚丙烯（PP－g－Si）对不同填料如滑石粉（Ta）、碳酸钙和硫酸钡填充的PP复合材料性能的影响,方法分别制备经PP－g－Si偶联的滑石粉、CaCO3和BaSO4填充的PP复合材料,并测试其机械性能和结晶熔融行为,结果与未经偶联的体系相比,在一定PP－g－Si含量范围内,PP－g－Si可使T3／PP体系力学性能提高,但拉伸模量降低;而对PP／CaCO3和PP／BaSO4体系的力学性能影响不大或使其性能有所降低,同时,PP－g－Si对这3种填料填充的PP体系中PP的结晶熔融行为也有较大影响,结论在实验范围内,PP－g－Si对聚丙烯和滑石粉界面有增容作用,可作为PP／Ta材料的大分子偶联剂,而对PP／CaCO3和PP／BaSO4体系则没有增容作用。     

A modern and robust methodology for modeling anisotropic creep characteristics of Ni-based DS and SC superalloys

According to more recent work,the Wilshire equations have shown good prediction accuracy in a wide range of materials and stress-temperature conditions,particularly in extrapolation of short term results to long term predictions.In the current paper,this methodology was further developed for modeling anisotropic creep characteristics(i.e.minimum creep strain εmin ,stress rupture life tf and time to a specified strain tε)of four typical Ni-based directionally solidified(DS)and single crystal(SC)superalloys,where a simple orientation factor related to the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)was introduced.The application of these simplistic approaches showed that the anisotropic creep characteristics in a wide range of stress-temperature conditions can be accurately simulated.Meanwhile,during the application of the modified Wilshire equations,break points occurring at the specified stress levels agree well with the transition of creep deformation mechanisms occurring in different stress regions,which provides confidence for using this method.     

Sandwich Magnetoeleetric Composites of Polyvinylidene Fluoride, Tb-Dy-Fe Alloy, and Lead Zireonate Titanate

The novel sandwich composites were prepared by sandwiching a polyvinylidene fluoride/Tb- Dy-Fe alloy composite （PVDF/Terfenol-D） between polyvinylidene fluoride/lead zirconate titanate composites （PVDF/PZT）. The maximum magnetoelectric effect voltage coefficient, （dE/dn）33max, of the sandwich composites is higher than that of three-phase composites at their own optimal loading level of Terfenol-D. This is attributed to less interface relaxations of strain and better polarization of the sandwich composites. When the volume fraction of Terfenol-D is higher than 0.10, no coupling interaction for three-phase composites could be observed, but （dE/dn）33max of sandwiched composites still reached 20 mV/（cm.Oe）. At high magnetic field intensity, the magnetoelectric effect voltage coefficient, （dE/dn）33, of sandwich composites is higher than that of three-phase composites; at low magnetic field intensity, （dE/dn）33 of sandwich composites is lower than that of three-phase composites. At their resonance frequency, the （dE/dn）33max of the sandwich composites and the three phase composites are 150 mV/（cm.Oe） and 42 mV/（cmoOe）, respectively. This significant increase of （dE/ dn）33max at resonance frequency confirms the improvement of maximum magnetoelectric effect coefficient via sandwich-structured composites.     

Effect of matrix composition on physical properties of Al<Subscript>3</Subscript>CON in-situ reaction reinforced corundum composite

60% white corundum used for aggregate, 5% aluminium powder for fixed additions and 35% various additives for matrix were prepared for specimens 1#,2#,3#. They were mixed uniformly with the suitable resin as a binder and pressed under pressure of 315 ton forging press, then dried at 200℃ for 24 h. Effects of various additives on 1500 ℃×2 h creep properties of Al3CON reinforced corundum composite were researched. The experimenal results show that creep coefficients of specimens 1#,2#,3# at 1500 ℃×2 h are 1.4×10^- 4, -9.4×10^-4, -22.6×10^-4, respectively. Crushing strength of the slide plate added with suitable additive A after fired at 1500 ℃ ×3 h reaches to 225 MPa, the creep rate is positive all the time from 0% to 0.014% at 1500 ℃ for 2 h. The microstructure result analysis shows that reinforced phases of Al3CON fiber composite have been formed after fired with Al powder in coke at high temperatures for specimen 1#, and the strength of the composite is increased. The hot modulus of rupture is up to 59 MPa at 1400 ℃ and the RUL is obviously higher than that at 1700 ℃. Its service life is two times as that of Al2O3-C slide plate when used in the process of pouring steel. The mechanism of creep rate resistance of the composites can be discovered by means of SEM and EDAX analysis. It is concluded that the active Al3CON and Al2O3 multiphases that were formed by N2 in gas, C, Al and Al2O3 inside the matrix of the composites during in-situ reaction,which gives the composites outstanding creep rate resistance for the dense zone resuiting from Al3CON oxidation that inhibits contraction at the high temperature. Besides, the matrix will turn into the multiphase with high refractoriness, N content and its Al3CON reinforced fiber will further increase accordingly. In addition, Al3CON formed by Al2O3 and C, Al in the matrix with N2 in gas will inhibit the creep rate and also greatly improve the creep rate resistance of the composites.     

HIPS/OMMT复合材料在不同燃烧模式下的阻燃特性

采用熔融插层法制备了高抗冲聚苯乙烯/有机蒙脱土(HIPS/OMMT)复合材料,分别用锥形量热仪、氧指数和UL-94 3种方法测试表征材料的阻燃特性。结果表明,锥形量热仪试验表征材料阻燃特性,得到有机蒙脱土对材料阻燃性较好,而在氧指数法和UL-94测试方法下有机蒙脱土对材料阻燃性较差。分析表明,不同测试方法所对应的燃烧模式不同,由于不同燃烧模式的影响,材料的阻燃机理发生不同作用,导致材料阻燃特性表征结果不同。根据插层复合材料的阻燃机理,结合不同燃烧模式下炭渣的热失重分析,讨论了材料的特殊结构与燃烧条件的相互作用,解释了表征结果差别与燃烧条件的关系。     

高耐热性聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的制备与性能研究

聚乳酸(PLA)的结晶性能较差,导致其产品的耐热性能较差,极大地限制了聚乳酸的应用范围.采用木粉(WF)与聚乳酸熔融共混,同时添加少量的成核剂多酰胺类化合物(MA),制备高耐热性聚乳酸/木粉复合材料.研究了木粉、成核剂以及两者同时添加对复合材料结晶性能、耐热性能以及力学性能的影响.结果表明,木粉和成核剂多酰胺类化合物的...     

Composite silicone rubber of high piezoresistance repeatability filled with nanoparticles

The ruthenium oxide nanoparticles with size less than 20 nm were fabricated by annealing the metallic ruthenium nanoparticles in air, which were synthesized by using the thermal reduction in the polyol solution. The rutile structure of the ruthenium oxide was proved by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The oxide has good electron conductivity. The surface of the ruthenium oxide was modified by a vinyl silane coupling agent. The assembling of the silane to the oxide surface was proved by Infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy. By mixing the nanoparticles with poly(methylvinylsiloxane) (PMVS) silicone rubber, a composite filled with dispersive conducting phase was fabricated. The temperature dependent conductivity shows that the electron transportation through composite is mainly dominated by tunneling. The measurement of piezoresistance shows that the composite at low strain has high piezoresistance repeatability. The 3D reconstruction images of the composite filled with carbon black or ruthenium oxide show that the aggregation of the nanoparticles differs much for two composites. The narrow distribution range of the particle size was thought to be the main factor for the high piezoresistance recurrence.     

有机化蒙脱土对SBS改性沥青热氧老化性能的影响

将有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)与SBS改性沥青熔融共混,制备了OMMT/SBS改性沥青。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)分析了OMMT/SBS改性沥青的微观结构。通过长期热氧老化实验研究了OMMT对SBS改性沥青热氧老化行为的影响。XRD分析表明,OMMT/SBS改性沥青形成了剥离型纳米复合结构。热氧老化试验结果显示,OMMT可显著减少SBS改性沥青软化点和粘度的增加,提高其残留延度比和残留针入度比,明显改善了SBS改性沥青耐热氧老化性能。     

Characterization of PZT/PVC Composites Added with Carbon Black

1Introduction Piezoelectricceramicshavebeenusedastheconven tionalintelligentmaterialsforalongtime.Theirinterest ingpropertiesusedintransducersarehighpiezoelectric straincoefficient(d33),highelectromechanicalcoupling coefficient(Kp)[15].However,therelative…     

Microwave Irradiation Treatment of Wood Flour and Its Application in PVC-Wood Flour Composites

The technique of microwave irradiation induced free radical bulk- polyaddition reactions in porous wood flour was used to modify wood flour. The behaviors of the modified wood flour under microwave irradiation, such as thermal stability and moisture sorption properties, were studied. A kind of semi- interpenetrating polymer network wood four (Semi-IPN-WF) can be formed through polymerization of MMA in the porous wood flour by microwave irradiation, and the thermal decomposition temperature of the semi-IPN- WF is considerably increased. PVC/Semi-IPN-WF composites were prepared by melt mixing in double rolls, which exhibit improved rheological properties, lower water sorption properties and outstanding mechanical performances.     

蒙脱土/尼龙6复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能

通过挤出注塑的方法制备了尼龙6(PA6)/蒙脱土插层复合材料,并考察了材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。结果表明,红磷加入PA6/OMMT复合材料后,无熔滴现象并且阻燃级别达到FH-1;当有机蒙脱土用量为质量分数5%~7%时,该复合材料的综合性能较好。     

Viscoelasto-plastic rheological experiment under circular increment step load and unload and nonlinear creep model of soft rocks

The viscoelastic-plastic creep experiments on soft ore-rock in Jinchuan Mine III were performed under circular increment step load and unload. The experimental data were analyzed according to instantaneous elastic strain, visco-elastic strain, instantaneous plastic strain and visco-plastic strain. The result shows that instantaneous deformation modulus tends to increase with the increase of creep stress; soft rocks enhance the ability to resist instantaneous elastic deformation and instantaneous plastic deformation during the multi-level of load and unload in the cyclic process. In respect of specimen JC1099, the ratio of visco-elastic strain to visco-plastic strain varies from 3.15 to 6.58, and the ratio has decreasing tendency with stress increase as a whole; creep deformation tends to be a steady state at low stress level; soft rocks creep usually embodies accelerated creep properties at high stress level. With the damaging variable and the hardening function introduced, a nonlinear creep model of soft rocks is established, in which the decay creep is described by the nonlinear hardening function H of viscidity coefficient. The model can describe the accelerated creep of soft rocks since the nonlinear damaging evolvement variable D of deformation parameter of rocks is introduced. Three stages of soft rocks creep can be described with the uniform creep equation in the nonlinear creep model. With this nonlinear creep model applied to the creep experiments of the ore-rock of Jinchuan Mine III, the nonlinear creep model’s curves are in good agreement with experimental data. Foundation item: Project(2007CB209400) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(50774093) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(200801) supported by Open Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Key of Safe Mining Techniques of Coal Mines     

EVA插层复合材料的取向结构对阻燃性能的影响

利用蒙脱土(MMT)特殊的片层结构,采用挤出工艺、熔融插层法制备了乙烯醋酸乙烯脂/蒙脱土(EVA/MMT)和乙烯醋酸乙烯脂/有机蒙脱土(EVA/OMMT)纳米复合材料,用锥形量热仪测试并分析了材料的燃烧性能。结果表明,添加OMMT的复合材料具有阻燃作用;复合材料中蒙脱土片层的(横、纵)取向影响材料的阻燃性;横向取向的EVA/OMMT复合材料有更低的热释放速率和质量损失速率,具有较好的阻燃性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征不同取向材料燃烧后炭渣的形貌,表明形成的炭层也为横、纵取向,解释了插层复合材料的横、纵取向对材料阻燃性的影响。     

Al(OH)_3对SEBS/PP/OMMT插层复合体系性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)/聚丙乙烯(PP)/Al(OH)3/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)复合材料,并采用锥形量热仪、拉伸测试仪等测试了材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。测试结果表明,添加Al(OH)3,使SEBS/PP/OMMT复合材料的热释放速率、峰值热释放速率和总热释放显著降低,且随着Al(OH)3添加量的增加,复合材料的峰值热释放速率降低愈明显;体系中OMMT和Al(OH)3添加量(质量分数)均在10%时复合材料的综合性能最佳。