纳米TiO2/PTFE复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能

利用磨损试验机、扫描电子显微镜等方法研究了表面处理与未处理纳米TiO2(质量分数为6％)填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料的干摩擦性能。结果表明，纳米TiO2能明显提高：PTFE耐磨性并改变其磨屑形成机理。表面处理纳米TiO2在PTFE中能较均匀分散。纳米TiO2填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数比PTFE稍大，纳米TiO2表面处理与否对PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数影响不大，但表面处理纳米TiO2填充聚四氟乙烯耐磨性比PTFE有显著提高，表面处理与表面未处理纳米TiO2填充PTFE复合材料的耐磨性比PTFE可分别提高7倍和3倍左右。导致PTFE磨损的重要机理是粘着磨损。     

Preparation and properties of polytetrafluorethylene filled ethylene–propylene–diene monomer composites

Ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/polytetrafluorethylene (EPDM/PTFE) composites based on EPDM and electron beam irradiated PTFE powders (MS‐II, MS‐III, and MS‐V, with mean diameter 5 μm, 1 μm, and 0.1 μm, respectively) were prepared by a mechanical compounding technique. The curing characteristics, morphologies, mechanical properties, and abrasion behaviors of these composites were investigated. The curing measurements indicated that the addition of lower loading of MS‐III or MS‐V enhanced the lubrication of EPDM compounds and delayed the curing process. The morphological structure of the composites demonstrated that the MS‐III and MS‐V were uniformly dispersed in EPDM matrix and the efficient polymer–filler interfacial interactions were constructed. In comparison with EPDM/MS‐II and EPDM/MS‐III, EPDM/MS‐V exhibited outstanding tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, and abrasion resistance due to the nanometer particle dimension and good dispersion of MS‐V as well as the stronger interfacial interactions between MS‐V and the EPDM matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Thermal and physicomechanical properties of gamma‐irradiated EPDM/waste newsprint microfibers composites treated using acrylic styrene emulsion as a coupling agent

This investigation deals mainly with thermal stability and crosslinking density of EPDM/newsprint microfibers composites. The recycled newsprint microfibers were treated using a different ratio of acrylic styrene emulsion (5, 10, and 15 wt% fiber) as a bonding agent to reinforce EPDM rubber matrix. The effect of microfibers content, namely, 5 up to 50 phr (part per hundred part of rubber) and the effect of ionizing radiation on EPDM/newsprint microfibers composites properties were investigated. The microfibers structure and EPDM/microfibers composite were investigated using X‐ray diffraction and FTIR analysis; the results indicate that bonding has occurred between the treated newsprint microfibers and EPDM polymer matrix. EPDM/untreated newsprint microfibers composites have achieved higher crosslinking density than EPDM matrix up to 50 phr microfibers content and up to 100 kGy then decreased with increasing gamma irradiation dose. Meanwhile treatment of the microfibers using 10 wt% acrylic styrene leads to improve crosslinking density at any microfibers content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out for the microfibers and their composites. TGA indicated that the thermal stability of microfiber was enhanced using acrylic styrene. Whereas there is a slight improvement in thermal stability and activation energy of the composites due to adding treated microfibers using 10 phr microfiber content treated using10 wt% acrylic styrene emulsion and irradiated with 60 kGy gamma radiation dose. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E91–E106, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

表面处理Al2O3增强PTFE基复合材料的摩擦学性能

利用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了表面处理与未处理纳米Al2O3对填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料摩擦学性能的影响，采用扫描电子显微镜观察试样混合效果和磨损表面形貌并分析其磨损机理。结果表明：填充PTFE摩擦系数比PTFE略有增加。纳米Al2O3可以提高PTFE耐磨性，表面处理纳米Al2O3在PTFE中能较均匀分散，其耐磨性比相同含量但未经表面处理的纳米Al2O3填充PTFE高一倍。导致PTFE磨损的重要机理是切削和粘着磨损。     

纳米碳化硅改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用不同偶联剂对纳米碳化硅进行表面处理后,制备了聚四氟乙烯/纳米碳化硅复合材料,考察了偶联剂种类和含量随载荷变化对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察和分析了复合材料磨损表面形貌及其磨损机理。结果表明,经表面处理的纳米碳化硅填充后的复合材料硬度和摩擦磨损性能均有提高,以钛酸酯偶联剂（NDZ101）处理效果最好;随着偶联剂含量的增大,钛酸酯偶联剂（NDZ101）处理的复合材料的磨损量和摩擦因数均增大,偶联剂最佳含量为填料质量的1 %;偶联剂处理后的纳米碳化硅与基体之间形成了良好的界面,复合材料的磨损以黏着磨损和磨粒磨损为主。     

软木纤维增强PP复合材料的研究

采用软木纤维作为增强材料提高聚丙烯性能。为了改善软木纤维和聚丙烯母体之间的相容性,用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)对软木纤维进行接枝处理,用MAPP或用三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)对软木纤维进行改性处理。结果表明,与未经处理木纤维的复合材料相比,三种处理方法都使复合材料的热性能、加工性能和力学性能有了较大的提高。用MAPP接枝和用MAPP表面处理木纤维的方法比用EPDM表面处理木纤维的方法在提高复合材料热性能、加工流动性和拉伸强度方面更为显著。用EPDM表面处理木纤维在改善复合材料的冲击强度、断裂伸长率上更明显。此外,木纤维在复合材料中的浓度对复合材料其它性能的影响,以及MAPP接枝木纤维和MAPP处理木纤维的不同实验结果也进行了评价。     

Conifer fibers as reinforcing materials for polypropylene‐based composites

Conifer fibers were used to reinforce polypropylene (PP). To improve the compatibility between the conifer fibers and the PP matrix, the fibers were either grafted with maleated PP (MAPP), treated by adding MAPP, or mixed with ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer (EPDM). The treatments resulted in improved processing, as well as improvements in the thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant composites compared with the composites filled with untreated conifer fibers. Moreover, MAPP grafting and MAPP treating displayed more obvious benefits than EPDM treating in terms of thermal properties, processing flowability, and tensile strength improvements. EPDM treating also produced more significant benefits than either MAPP grafting or MAPP treating in terms of impact strength and tensile elongation improvements. These improvements were attributed to surface coating of the fibers when EPDM was used. In addition, the effect of the concentration of the conifer fibers on the properties of the composites and the difference between MAPP grafting and MAPP treating were evaluated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2833–2841, 2001     

PTC effect in carbon black‐filled ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer systems

The positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effects of carbon black (CB)‐filled semicrystalline and amorphous ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) composites were studied. The semicrystalline EPDM/CB composite exhibited a low PTC effect followed by a pronounced negative temperature coefficient (NTC) effect, while the amorphous EPDM/CB composite exhibited only an NTC effect. By the effect of γ‐ray irradiation, not only was the NTC effect of the composites eliminated, but also a high PTC effect appeared. The PTC intensity reached as high as six orders of magnitude even for an amorphous EPDM/CB composite and the PTC transition temperature decreased with the irradiation dose. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1571–1574, 2001     

纳米SiC粒子的表面处理对PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的性能影响

对表面处理与未处理纳米SiC填充的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料进行力学与摩擦学性能测试,研究了纳米SiC含量和表面处理对复合材料力学和摩擦磨损性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜对拉伸断面形貌进行观察,探讨了复合材料的增强机理。结果表明,未处理纳米SiC填充PTFE后,其复合材料的硬度和耐磨性均有不同程度的提高;表面处理纳米SiC后,PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、减摩性能均比未处理的有所提高;表面处理SiC在PTFE基体中有较好的分散性,与PTFE基体界面的结合较好,未处理纳米SiC在PTFE基体中分散性较差。     

The effects of dynamic vulcanization and compatibilizer on properties of paper sludge‐filled polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer composites

The effects of dynamic vulcanization (DV) and dynamic vulcanization plus compatibilizer (DVC) of paper sludge (PS) filled polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (PP/EPDM) composites on torque development, mechanical properties, water absorption, morphology, and thermal properties were studied. Results show that DV and DVC composites exhibit higher stabilization torque than unvulcanized composites (UV). The dynamic vulcanized (DV) and dynamic vulcanized plus compatibilizer (DVC) composites exhibit higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus but lower water absorption than unvulcanized composites. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of tensile fracture surface of DV and DVC composites shows the improved interfacial interaction between PS and PP/EPDM matrix. The DV and DVC composites also exhibit better thermal stability and higher crystallinity than unvulcanized PP/EPDM/PS composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Thermal insulation behaviour of Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/kevlar fiber based hybrid composites containing Nanosilica for solid rocket motor insulation

The current research discusses the properties of an elastomeric heat-shielding material, based on nano-silica (NS) filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber/Kevlar fiber (KF) hybrid composites. The developed elastomeric insulating material consists of an aromatic polyamide fiber (KF) and silica nanoparticles. An in-depth analysis of mechanical properties, density, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis, and heat release rate of the insulating materials -was performed. TEM micrograph represents an excellent distribution of nanoparticles in the EPDM matrix. The improvement in the mechanical and the flame retardancy of the NS filled EPDM/KF hybrid composite insulations is based on the fiber/matrix adhesion. Maleic anhydride grafting confers polarity to the nonpolar rubber matrix. The char residues of the insulations inspected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are depicting a rigid and rough surface by the optimal composites, which can aid in better insulation. The optimal formulation of the hybrid composites exhibited a 220% enhancement in char residue with improved thermal stability and mechanical properties.     

Electrical and flammability properties of alumina trihydrate filled polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer composites as insulators in cable applications

Polymeric insulators role in power systems and insulation is one of the most important subjects in high voltage applications. This study investigates the effect of alumina trihydrate (ATH) loading on electrical and flammability properties of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blend. ATH fillers were incorporated into the matrix to improve the tracking and flammability resistance of the composites. PP/EPDM (60:40) was used as matrix and compounding of ATH filled PP/EPDM composites was done using a twin‐screw extruder. Electrical and flammability tests of composites were performed. The results show that flammability decreased with increasing ATH loading in PP/EPDM composites. The effects of electrical stresses are investigated by measuring the carbon tracking (CT) and leakage current (LC) on the surface of composites. The CT and LC of PP/EPDM/ATH composites were found to decrease with increasing ATH content; however calculating the normalized degradation index (NDI) illustrated that all the sample were in accepted range. Field emission scanning electron microscope was used to relate the electrical properties with the morphological analysis, which showed that addition of ATH prevents the degradation of the matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:493–498, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical and thermal properties of gamma irradiated ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/vermiculite clay/maleic anhydride composites

Vermiculite clay (VMT) was first treated with 2 M of hydrochloric acid. The VMT, before and after acid‐treatment, was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy. The untreated (VMT) and acid‐treated vermiculite clay DVMT) at different contents (2.5–10 phr) and maleic anhydride (MA) at different contents (3–10 phr) were mixed with ethylene polyethylene diene rubber (EPDM) via direct melt compounding in an internal mixer. The mechanical and thermal properties of gamma irradiated composites were studied. The results indicated that the physical properties of gamma irradiated EPDM/DVMT/MA nanocomposites were greatly improved after loading with either DVMT or MA. The improvement was achieved when the content of DVMT clay was 5 phr, MA 7 phr and irradiation dose at 75 kGy. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E3–E11, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯复合材料非等温结晶动力学研究

通过冷压烧结的方法制备了聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯（PTFE/POB）复合材料。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了PTFE/POB复合材料的非等温结晶行为,并利用Jeziorny法对所得DSC数据进行分析。结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,结晶峰向低温方向移动,结晶温度范围增大,结晶度下降;Jeziorny方程能够较好地描述PTFE/POB复合材料的非等温结晶动力学;POB有异相成核作用,改善了PTFE的结晶性能,提高了PTFE的结晶速率。     

Mechanical and physicochemical properties of electron beam irradiated rubber/clay nanocomposites

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of both styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/clay and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/clay nanocomposites containing clay contents from 3 to 10 phr prepared by melt blending method has been investigated. The prepared composites were subjected to electron beam irradiation doses of up to 150 kGy to induce radiation curing, whereas the mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength (TS), tear strength (Ts), and elongation at break (E_b) were studied as a function of irradiation dose and clay content. TS and Ts increased with increasing irradiation dose up to 100 kGy, they were decreased with further increase in dose. An increase in TS and Ts for SBR and EPDM nanocomposites containing various organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) contents (3–5 phr) was noticed, whereas a decrement behavior was observed at higher OMMT content. The elongation at break decreased continuously with both irradiation dose and OMMT content. The crosslink density for either EPDM or SBR samples increases with increasing irradiation dose up to 150 kGy and by increasing clay content up to 5 phr, whereas it decreases at higher clay content (7–10 phr). At 5 phr OMMT and 100 kGy irradiation, SBR nanocomposites showed higher TS and Ts than EPDM nanocomposites, while the crosslink density of SBR is lower. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1600–1610, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Tribological properties of the polyacrylate/PTFE coating modified by POSS in the space environment

The irradiation conditions in the low earth orbit (LEO) severely inhibit the development of polymeric materials for solid lubrication coatings used on the external surfaces of spacecraft. To solve the problem, octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (OvPOSS) were covalently grafted onto poly(methyl/butyl methacrylate) composites (PMB). The results showed that the appropriate incorporation of OvPOSS (10 wt %) significantly reduced the friction coefficient and improved the wear resistance of the OvPOSS/PMB composite coatings. Furthermore, the impact of OvPOSS on the tribological properties of PMB/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubrication coatings in the space environment was investigated. In particular, the degradations, mass losses, surface morphologies, and chemical compositions of POSS/PMB/PTEF composite coatings were characterized under ultraviolet (UV), electric irradiation (EI), and atomic oxygen (AO). The results indicated that OvPOSS provides numerous Si O Si bonds in the polymer matrix that improve the resistance to UV and EI. Besides, a passivating SiO₂ layer was formed to prevent further erosion and degradation of the underlying PMB and PTFE components during AO irradiation. Particularly, the wear resistance of OvPOSS/PMB/PTFE coatings under AO irradiation increased significantly compared with the pristine PMB/PTFE coating. Overall, our results indicate that POSS-containing composites are a good prospective material for space application in the LEO. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48730.     

海泡石对三元乙丙橡胶阻燃性能的影响

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为基体材料,考察了海泡石的用量对复合材料力学性能及阻燃性能的影响,并与填料白炭黑进行了对比.结果表明,随着海泡石用量的增加,EPDM复合材料的力学性能明显提高,但是不如白炭黑增强效果显著.随着海泡石用量的增加,EPDM复合材料的氧指数呈增加趋势,最大热释放速率及总热释放量都呈降低趋势.与白炭黑...     

三元乙丙橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料

利用熔融插层和双羟基甲基十二烷基氯化铵插层剂改性黏土的方法，制备了三元乙丙橡胶／黏土纳米复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)的测试结果表明，形成的纳米复合材料为剥离型。探索了制作该纳米复合材料的最佳工艺方法。研究了这种材料的力学性能及老化性能，分析了该有机黏土增强橡胶的机理。结果表明，在对黏土进行有机改性时，插层剂中的双羟基与黏土中的氧原子形成了氢键，而使黏土层间的相互作用减弱，层间距增大，使三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)分子链插入黏土层间而导致黏土剥离是该纳米材料形成的主要原因。有机黏土用量为15份时，试样的拉伸强度高迭24．9MPa，扯断伸长率为666％；前者比纯EPDM提高了3～4倍，后者上升了140％。试样的撕裂强度也有明显的改善，而邵尔A型硬度却随有机黏土用量的增加没有明显的变化。同时，试样的耐热老化性能也有了明显的改善．     

The role of rubber characteristics in preparing rubber/clay nanocomposites by melt compounding

Rubber/organic clay (OC) nanocomposites were produced by melt blending. Polar or unsaturated matrices (e.g., NBR and SBR) could easily enter into OC layers, whereas using nonpolar unsaturated rubber (EPDM), without other additives' help, intercalation structure could not be directly obtained. For the EPDM system, an intercalated structure was observed in presence of stearic acid (SA) for composites composed of SA and OC. Transmission electron microscopy observation showed that the dispersion of clay in nonpolar saturated rubber matrix was much poorer than that in polar or unsaturated matrix. The same effect of polar matrix was confirmed by comparison between IIR/OC and BIIR/OC systems. Moreover, using OC pretreated by SA (S‐OC), the dispersion of clay was obviously improved in the investigated nanocomposites, due to the intercalation of SA into OC interlayers. Especially in the nonpolar saturated EPDM system, the intercalation structure could be easily observed. Relative to the corresponding nanocomposites using OC, tensile strengths and the stresses at low strain of NBR and SBR based nanocomposites with S‐OC were significantly improved; while with EPDM nanocomposite, using S‐OC, only tensile strengths were improved but the stresses at low strain were almost the same, which should be related to the different interfacial force between OC and different rubber matrices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Bioinspired Design of LDH‐Based Mobile Building Materials with Enhanced Mechanical and Ultraviolet‐Shielding Performance

Glass fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene composites (PTFE/GF composites) with the excellent performance have been given considerable attention due to their increasing applications in large architecture areas such as stadiums, amusement parks, parking lots, etc. However, the brittleness of glass fiber can hinder the performance of PTFE/GF composites. The PTFE/MLDH (modified ZnAl‐layered double hydroxide)/GF composites inspired by layer‐layer structure are prepared via the multi‐layered dipping method, which consists of GF acting as a reinforcement, PTFE acting as matrix, and MLDH acting as the layer‐layer structure. The results of study show that the high strength and surperflexibility of PTFE/MLDH/GF composites are higher than pure PTFE/GF composites. Especially, when the PTFE/MLDH/GF composites contain 1.6 wt% MLDH, the folding endurance reaches up to 39 035 times, the tensile strength reaches up to 163.57 MPa, and strain reaches up to 8.33%. More significantly, the strength and surperflexibility are illustrated by a mechanism model and it is used to further broaden the application of PTFE/GF composites in mobile building materials. Moreover, it is discovered that the PTFE/MLDH/GF composites have unique translucent performance and excellent ultraviolet‐shielding properties in this study, which further broaden its range of applications.