双酚F/间苯二酚共聚型环氧树脂

采用间苯二酚、双酚F与环氧氯丙烷共聚合成一种高性能的环氧树脂,研究了不同反应温度、反应时间、双酚F/间苯二酚比例等条件对共聚环氧树脂结构材料性能的影响,确定了合成条件。结果表明所制备的双酚F/间苯二酚共聚型环氧树脂粘度比单纯双酚F环氧树脂低,其热固化结构材料的韧性、耐热性和拉伸强度较纯双酚F和间苯二酚型环氧树脂有明显提高。其最佳合成条件为:醚化温度为80℃,醚化时间5h,加碱闭环温度为60℃,加碱速度为4g/10min。间苯二酚与双酚F质量为20∶80时共聚树脂的综合性能最佳。其粘度为2 1Pa·s,比单纯的双酚F环氧树脂下降了42%;玻璃化温度为165℃,比纯双酚F环氧树脂提高了20℃;拉伸强度为102 3MPa,比纯双酚F环氧树脂提高了27%;弯曲强度为113 6MPa,比单纯的双酚F环氧树脂下降了18%。     

间苯二酚缩甲醛四缩水甘油醚的合成

采用间苯二酚、甲醛合成甲撑二间苯二酚后,再环氧化合成四官能团的甲撑二间苯二酚四缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。研究了不同催化剂用于酚醛缩合、采用不同醚化反应温度、改变醚化反应时间、环化加碱量等条件对产品质量的影响,确定了合成条件。结果表明其最优化合成条件为:采用盐酸作催化剂合成甲撑二间苯二酚,环氧醚化温度为95℃,醚化时间8 h,实际用碱量为理论用碱量的1.1倍。产品改性邻甲酚醛环氧聚合物固化体系时能显著提高其玻璃化温度,改善耐热性能,玻璃化温度可达180~190℃,比邻甲酚醛环氧体系提高了30℃以上。     

双氰胺固化双酚F/间苯二酚共聚型环氧树脂的研究

为提高双酚F环氧树脂的综合性能,以双酚F、间苯二酚与环氧氯丙烷反应制得双酚F/间苯二酚共聚型环氧树脂。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑对双氰胺-双酚F/间苯二酚共聚型环氧树脂体系固化反应的促进作用,并系统地探讨了固化体系及固化条件对固化物性能的影响。结果显示,其最佳固化工艺条件是:间苯二酚与双酚F质量比为20∶80,双氰胺质量分数为6%,2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑质量分数为4%,固化温度为110℃,固化时间为3 h。     

新工艺合成低黏度双酚A型液态环氧树脂

采用新工艺合成了双酚A型液态环氧树脂,并研究了醚化反应催化剂和闭环反应碱用量对醚化反应后体系双酚A单体残留量、合成的环氧树脂的环氧当量和有机氯含量的影响。结果表明:采用新催化剂有效提高了醚化反应双酚A的转化率,醚化反应结束后双酚A残留量14%。随着碱用量的提高,环氧当量和有机氯显著降低。新工艺的重复性好,与一步法合成的环氧树脂比较,产品具有黏度低(25℃下约为7.80～7.98Pa.s)、环氧当量低(182g/eq)、有机氯含量低(200μg/g)的特点。     

特种氢化双酚A型环氧树脂合成研究

氢化双酚A和环氧氯丙烷在催化剂作用下开环反应生成了氯醇醚,而后加碱进行闭环反应,制备了低分子质量氢化双酚A型环氧树脂,再将其进一步与氢化双酚A等进行加聚反应,得到高分子质量环氧树脂。通过对产物的环氧值、力学性能和电性能的测试,研究了环氧氯丙烷用量、碱用量、环化反应温度、时间、溶剂及催化剂对合成反应的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:环氧氯丙烷与醇羟基的物质的量比为3.0~3.5∶1,n(NaOH)∶n(醇羟基)=1∶1.1~1.2,环化反应温度25~30℃、时间4 h,甲苯为溶剂,催化剂为自制EH-10。所得氢化双酚A环氧树脂质量稳定,可替代进口。     

双酚芴环氧树脂的合成研究

以双酚芴(BHPF)和环氧氯丙烷(ECH)为原料制备了双酚芴环氧树脂。研究了ECH与BHPF物质的量比、NaOH用量、催化剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTBA)用量、反应温度、反应时间等对产品质量的影响,并采用红外、质谱等对产物结构进行了表征。结果表明:较优的工艺条件为:ECH与BHPF物质的量比10∶1,CTBA质量分数3%(基于BHPF质量),NaOH与BHPF物质的量比2.4∶1;醚化反应温度54℃,加碱反应温度65℃,精制反应温度80℃,上述各阶段反应时间分别为60 min,120 min,120 min,产物环氧值可达到0.408。     

双酚A-环氧氯丙烷醚化反应动力学

本文讨论了双酚A、环氧氯丙烷二步法合成液态双酚A型环氧树脂醚化反应动力学,并对催化醚化过程中各步反应速率常数及活化能进行了求算。结果表明,在催化剂存在下,酚羟基醚化反应为二级反应,氯醇醚闭环反应为一级反应。     

液态双酚A环氧树脂合成反应动力学

本文通过大量数据对二步法合成液态双酚A环氧树脂醚化阶段和闭环阶段的反应历程和动力学进行了探讨,并对不同文献中动力学研究的方法、观点进行了比较,指出在醚化阶段不仅存在二级反应的催化醚化反应,同时也存在催化闭环反应,此闭环反应与闭环阶段的碱催化闭环反应均为一级反应,但活化能不同。     

柔韧性环氧树脂的合成及性能研究

通过双酚S与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)的嵌段反应将HDI引入环氧树脂的分子链段中合成了新的环氧树脂。通过环氧值,力学性能和吸水率测试以及扫描电镜和热失重分析研究了合成反应中环氧氯丙烷用量、醚化温度、醚化时间、闭环温度、闭环时间对树脂及固化物性能的影响。确定了最佳合成工艺为:双酚S与环氧氯丙烷物质的量比1∶24,醚化温度为90℃,醚化时间为3 h,闭环温度为70℃,闭环时间为3 h。环氧值为0.266 eq/100 g时,固化物的冲击强度、压缩强度达到最佳,分别为23.72 k J/m2和145.50 MPa,比E-51固化物分别高出110.28%和29.07%。合成的树脂600℃下质量损失70%,比E-51固化物(质量损失90%)更能承受高温。     

三聚氰胺对间苯二酚-双酚A环氧树脂的改性研究

采用三聚氰胺对间苯二酚-双酚A环氧树脂进行改性研究,制得了一种无甲醛、不发烟、低游离间苯二酚含量的树脂产品。以游离间苯二酚含量为指标,考察了n(间苯二酚):n(环氧树脂)、三聚氰胺用量、催化剂用量、反应温度及时间对固化反应的影响。结果表明,在n(间苯二酚):n(环氧树脂)为1.3,三聚氰胺用量为10.0g,催化剂用量0.8g,反应温度为180℃,反应时间为2h的条件下,所得的树脂性能较好,其游离间苯二酚含量为0.83%,软化点在95~105℃,钢丝抽出力高达429N。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。