无患子皂苷及其复配体系的泡沫性能研究

测定了无患子皂苷的表面活性特征参数,包括HI。B值、浊点、酸值、皂化值、临界胶柬浓度（CMC）、表面张力值（γcmc）等。研究了无患子皂苷与阴离子、非离子和两性表面活性剂复配后的起泡和稳泡结果．从微观结构上分析了复配体系,为无患子皂苷在洗涤剂配方中的应用提供了理论依据。     

无患子皂甙在不同展开体系中的薄层色谱行为

以三氯化锑为显色剂,在不同展开体系中,对无患子假种皮的不同溶剂提取物进行薄层色谱分析,建立快速有效的无患子皂甙薄层色谱分析方法。结果显示,三氯甲烷展开体系的展开效果不太理想;正丁醇展开体系有利于大极性的皂甙的展开、分离,但是不适合于小极性的皂甙的分离;苯展开体系对小极性皂甙具有良好的分离效果,但不适合于大极性皂甙的展开。薄层色谱分析操作简便,适合于不同极性的无患子皂甙的快速分析检测。     

The Treatment Efficiency and Microbiota Analysis of Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil on the Ligature-Induced Periodontitis Rat Model

Periodontitis is a common oral disease mainly caused by bacterial infection and inflammation of the gingiva. In the prevention or treatment of periodontitis, anti-bacterial agents are used to inhibit pathogen growth, despite increasing levels of bacterial resistance. Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn (SM) seed oil has proven anti-bacterial and anti-inflammation properties. However, the possibility of using this plant to prevent or treat periodontitis has not been reported previously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SM oil on experimental periodontitis in rats by using micro-CT and microbiota analysis. The distance between cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest (ABC) on the sagittal micro-CT slide showed that total bone loss (TBL) was significantly lower in CEJ-ABC distances between SM oil and SM oil-free groups on Day 14. Histology data also showed less alveolar bone resorption, a result consistent result with micro-CT imaging. The microbiota analyzed at phylum and class levels were compared between the SM oil and SM oil-free groups on Day 7 and Day 14. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterium. Firmicutes in box plot analysis was significantly less in the SM oil group than in the SM oil-free group on Day 7. At the class level, Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Clostridia, and Erysipelotrichia were the dominant bacteria. The bacteria composition proportion of Bacilli, Clostridiay, and Erysipelotrichia could be seen in the SM oil group significantly less than in t SM oil-free group on Day 7. Overall, the present results show that topical application of SM oil can reduce bone resorption and change bacteria composition in the ligature-induced periodontitis model. According to these results, it is reasonable to suggest SM oil as a potential material for preventing oral disease.     

泡沫分离法分离纯化无患子皂苷的研究

采用泡沫分离法分离纯化无患子皂苷溶液,收集溢出分离柱的泡沫液,采用紫外分光光度计分别测定原液和泡沫液的皂苷含量,通过富集比、回收率以及纯度表征分离效果。结果表明:在进料浓度为 2.0 g/L、进料量为 150 mL、气速为 32 L/h、温度为 30 ℃、pH值为4.3条件下,富集比可达到2.153,收率与纯度分别达到 79.19 % 和 74.68 %。     

Modeling of Phosphoric Acid Purification by Liquid‐Liquid Extraction

Phosphoric acid is an important industrial chemical. It is mainly produced by the wet process which consists of an attack of the phosphate rock by sulphuric acid leading to a complex solution containing a large number of impurities such as metal ions like Fe³⁺, Al³⁺, Mg²⁺, Cd²⁺ etc., which can effectively be recovered by solvent extraction process. In this present work a model of the liquid‐liquid extraction process is presented. It is mainly based on thermodynamics, where two different routes have been tested for the modeling of the complexation process. The method has been tested using a model system with Al³⁺ as the contaminant, dodecyl naphthalene sulphonic acid (HDDNSA) as the complexing agent and kerosene as the diluent. The study has also investigated the influence of various parameters such as the pH of the aqueous phase and the initial concentration of the phosphoric acid.     

单宁的提取纯化技术研究进展

对单宁提取纯化技术的最新研究成果进行了综述,着重介绍了超声波提取、微波提取、超临界流体萃取和树脂纯化等技术在提取纯化单宁中的应用,对各种方法的优缺点进行了分析,对单宁的研究现状做出总结并给予展望,旨在为单宁的开发利用提供依据。     

皂苷提取分离新技术研究进展

皂苷作为一种天然产物,具有多种生理活性。对皂苷的最新提取分离方法进行了总结,并对各方法的应用情况作了简要说明。     

无患子水提液的微生物发酵纯化及无患子乳酸杆菌发酵液抗痤疮功效

无患子（Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn）提取液常作为一种天然活性原料添加到洗护产品中,为推进无患子提取液在日化行业的应用,采用微生物发酵法对无患子水提液纯化,以耗糖量和皂苷纯度为指标,筛选出植物乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）作为发酵菌株,制得了无患子乳酸杆菌发酵液（SF）。从皮脂、炎症和致病菌的过度繁殖3个方面,研究了SF的抗痤疮功效。结果显示,质量浓度为20 μg/mL的SF对SZ95细胞脂质合成率降低了26.4%;对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的RAW 264.7细胞的一氧化氮（NO）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和活性氧（ROS） 分别降低了52.3%、57.5%、56.2%和35.9% ;采用二倍稀释法测定了SF对痤疮丙酸杆菌、糠秕马拉色菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度（MIC）别为3.125、12.5和6.25 g/L;人体功效评价结果显示,受试者面部痤疮情况显著改善。     

仙茅多糖COPb-1和COPf-1的分离纯化及结构研究

目的 :精制并分离仙茅水溶性多糖 ,并研究其结构 ;方法 :将所提仙茅水溶性多糖粗品经水溶醇沉后 ,进一步以DEAE纤维素分离纯化 ,对分离到的主要组分应用HPLC、IR等方法进行结构分析 ;结果 :从仙茅水溶性多糖提取物中分离到两个纯度较高的多糖COPb - 1,COPf- 1。其中COPb - 1分子量 :2 .6× 10 6,组成单糖有葡萄糖、果糖及木糖 ,红外光谱数据显示为呋喃型糖 ;COPf- 1分子量为 2 .2× 10 6,组成单糖有水苏糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖等 ,红外光谱数据显示为吡喃型糖。结论 :从仙茅中分离到两种多糖 ,其中COPb - 1为呋喃型糖 ,COPf- 1为吡喃型糖。     

响应面法优化荷叶生物碱盐提取工艺及其纯化

在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面法分析和优化提取条件,考察超声酸提法中酸的种类、酸的质量分数、超声时间、液固比〔液体体积(m L)与固体质量(g)的比值〕、超声功率和温度对荷叶碱提取效果的影响以及D101型大孔树脂对提取物的纯化效果。得到的荷叶生物碱盐的最佳提取工艺条件为:加热温度60℃、超声功率500 W、盐酸质量分数0.3%、超声时间41 min、液固比27,在该工艺条件下荷叶碱的得率为(4.12±0.05)mg/g。以体积分数为70%的乙醇作为洗脱液,纯化后的生物碱盐经分光光度法测得纯度为40.81%。     

乳状液膜分离提取荷叶中3种生物碱

建立了用W/O型乳状液膜分离提取荷叶中3种生物碱——N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱的方法。通过对迁移时间、表面活性剂Span 80用量、载体D2EHPA浓度、油内比、乳水比和内水相盐酸浓度的优化,获得了高效的液膜体系,为:迁移时间2.5 min,表面活性剂Span 80的质量分数为3.0%,载体D2EHPA的浓度为0.01 mol/L,油内比为10∶6,乳水比为10∶60,内水相盐酸浓度为0.2 mol/L。在优化的实验条件下,对荷叶中3种生物碱N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱的萃取率分别达到了95.6%、100%和97.9%,相应的富集因子依次为8.73、8.50和8.04。说明该乳状液膜体系能够很好地分离提取荷叶中的N-去甲基荷叶碱、O-去甲基荷叶碱和荷叶碱。     

Decolorization of Sapindus Pericarp Extract by Hydrogen Peroxide and a Comparison of Basic Characteristics Before and After Decolorization

The saponins from the pericarps of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (Sapindaceae) are attracting more and more attention because of their antimicrobial activity and their ability to act as a natural surfactant. However, the color of Sapindus pericarp extract is dark brown, which limits its application in some products. The present study aims to improve the color by adding hydrogen peroxide. An orthogonal L₉ (3)⁴ test design was applied to optimize the decolorization parameters, including the amount of added hydrogen peroxide, time, temperature and pH. The extent of decolorization was up to 89.5 % below 80 °C within 80 min, using 2.5 % hydrogen peroxide at pH 6. The characteristics of Sapindus pericarp extract before and after bleaching were compared, including the antimicrobial and foaming performance, surface activities and detergency properties. There was no significant difference in either the diameters of the inhibition zone or the minimum inhibitory concentration against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05), while these parameters for C. albicans, T. rubrum and P. aeruginosa for the sample after decolorization were 22.33, 25.00, 15.33 mm and 0.91, 0.91, 13.03 mg/mL, respectively. The foamability of the Sapindus pericarp extract after decolorization was somewhat enhanced and the foam stability reduced (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in values of the critical micelle concentration of the pericarp extract before and after decolorization. The detergency also remained at the same level. Our results show that the properties of the decolorized Sapindus pericarp extract were largely unchanged. This suggests that further development is worthwhile.     

Recovery of Saponins from Jua (Ziziphus joazeiro) by Micellar Extraction and Cloud Point Preconcentration

Juá (Ziziphus joazeiro) is a Brazilian plant and its bark has been used as a detergent and phytotherapic due to its high saponin content (2–10 %). Saponins are triterpenic glycosides with some properties that aid their use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The object of the present work was to develop an extraction and concentration process of saponins from jua bark, using green solvents such as water and ethanol. Firstly, the extraction conditions optimization was carried out using a central composite design, and compared with other methods such as Soxhlet, ultrasound-assisted extraction and micellar extraction. Then, cloud point preconcentration was tested to select the salt type and its concentration which promotes a higher concentration factor and partition coefficient at room temperature. Finally, the removal of a t-octyl phenol ethoxylate (9–10 EO) nonionic surfactant by adsorption was evaluated by optimizing the adsorbent type and its concentration, temperature and time of adsorption, in addition to the adsorbent recycling. Orbital shaker extraction leads to a recovery of 45.6 % saponins under the following conditions: temperature, 38.8 °C; jua/solvent ratio, 0.272; stirring speed, 300 rpm; extraction time, 2 h. Under these conditions, saponins recovery reached 90.8 % when using 15 % v/v of the nonionic surfactant, and a preconcentration factor of 14.2 was obtained by adding sodium carbonate 20 % w/v. The preconcentration factor decreased to a value of 10.1, after nonionic surfactant removal by a hydrophobic crosslinked polystyrene copolymer resin.     

Sub‐and Supercritical CO2‐Extraction of Hypericum perforatum L.

The extraction of Hypericum perforatum L. by liquid carbon dioxide (p = 80 bar, t = 15 °C) gave almost the same extract yield (1 %, w/w) as by supercritical (p = 100 bar, t = 40 °C) carbon dioxide, containing the same percentages of essential oil (about 6.4 %, w/w). The increase of the extract yield at higher pressure (250 to 350 bar) is due to the increase of extragent density, i.e., solubility. By increasing the grinding degree of the drug, a higher extract yield is obtained in the supercritical range under high pressure. GC‐MS analysis of the extract composition showed that the non‐terpene compounds have the highest contribution. The oil content in the drug, determined by steam distillation, was 0.058 %, w/w. The oil content in the extracts, calculated for the drug, was significantly higher (1.2 to 1.9 times).     

对氨基苯酚的分离精制

研究了对氨基苯酚(PAP)的萃取提纯技术,它适用于硝基苯催化加氢还原液的分离。研究了溶剂种类。pH值、温度、相比等因素对萃取过程的影响。对萃取使用过的溶剂采用精馏的方法进行回收,从而获得了适合于医药用的高纯度对氨基苯酚(PAP),其关键杂质4,4’-二氨基二苯醚含量低于10×10~(-6)。     

海星多糖的提取分离与抗氧化活性研究

目的:从南海海星中提取多糖并研究其抗氧化活性。方法:采用碱提-酶解法提取海星多糖,并采用离子交换层析与凝胶过滤层析法进行纯化;采用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳及凝胶过滤色谱法鉴定纯度;采用Fenton反应体系研究清除羟基自由基活性,采用邻苯三酚自氧化法研究清除超氧阴离子活性;采用H2O2损伤家兔红细胞模型研究其对生物膜的抗氧化保护作用。结果:海星多糖及阳性对照甘露醇、苯甲酸清除羟基自由基的半数有效浓度EC50分别为5.51 mg/mL、16.33 mg/mL、4.29 mg/mL;海星多糖及阳性对照维生素C清除超氧阴离子自由基的半数抑制浓度IC50分别为32.36μg/mL、18.32μg/mL;海星多糖对H2O2致红细胞损伤有良好的保护作用。结论:海星多糖具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

皂苷的提取与纯化工艺研究进展

皂苷的提取和纯化对皂苷的理论研究和有效利用具有重要意义.文章分析了影响皂苷提取、纯化过程的主要因素,介绍了国内外该方面的研究成果,对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议.     

Extraction of Lipids from Aqueous Protein‐Rich Streams using Near‐Critical Dimethylether

An extraction process for obtaining lipids from aqueous protein/lipid mixtures has been developed using near‐critical dimethylether (DME) as the solvent. The process has been demonstrated on fresh and reconstituted egg yolks, and on selected dairy by‐product streams. The lipid yield is dependent on the processing temperature, solids content and feed ratio of solvent to liquid. The extent of protein denaturation is also dependent on these parameters. The phase equilibria of DME‐water‐phospholipid mixtures are presented with modeling of the DME‐water system using the Peng‐Robinson equation of state.     

黄酮类天然产物功效成分提取和纯化技术的研究进展

综述了近年来黄酮类天然产物功效成分提取以及分离纯化方法的研究进展,为研究工作者开发利用黄酮类功效成分提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

重组戊型肝炎病毒抗原工程菌的发酵及表达产物的纯化

目的建立重组戊型肝炎病毒抗原工程菌的发酵和目的蛋白纯化工艺。方法在三角烧瓶中,探讨不同的诱导剂浓度和培养基对菌体密度和目的蛋白表达量的影响;在10L发酵罐中,探讨诱导时间、补料方式、溶氧量对菌体密度和目的蛋白表达量的影响。根据目的蛋白的理化特性建立纯化工艺。结果重组HEV抗原工程菌在10L发酵罐分批补料培养中,采用0·1mmol/L的IPTG诱导4h,目的蛋白表达量约为25%,目的蛋白产率约为2·88g/L,且以包涵体形式存在。经过对包涵体粗纯、复性、纯化,SDS-PAGE分析,纯度可达95%以上。结论建立了周期短、产率高且稳定可靠的发酵及纯化工艺,为重组HEV抗原的大规模生产奠定了基础。