Cu、Co掺杂Mn基复合金属氧化物的低温NO_x储存还原性能

采用共沉淀法制备了掺杂铜或钴的锰基复合金属氧化物催化剂,考察了其稀燃条件下的NOx储存活性以及"稀燃/富燃"气氛中的NOx储存还原(NSR)性能。结果表明,Mn-O样品在200℃具有较好的NOx储存活性,NO-to-NO2转化率为83.4%,氮氧化物储存量(NSC)为124.2μmol/g;但其在富燃气氛中的NOx还原能力较低。掺杂少量铜或钴元素之后,样品的晶粒尺寸变小,抗烧结能力增强,同时BET比表面积增大,低温下NOx储存和还原活性均有所提高。通过H2-TPR表征发现:掺杂少量铜或钴元素之后,H2还原峰向低温方向偏移,氧物种的活性有所提高,这有助于提高催化剂的氧化还原能力;其中掺杂铜样品的氧化还原能力最强,在富燃条件下表现较高的NSR活性。     

CuO对Co_3O_4-CeO_2催化剂富氢气条件下CO优先氧化性能的影响

CO优先氧化方法是去除富氢气CO中最为有效的方法,而且钴铈催化剂又受到重点研究和关注。通过共沉淀法制备不同CuO掺杂量的8Co_3O_4-1CeO_2-c CuO催化剂,使用透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、X射线粉末衍射、N_2吸附-脱附和程序升温还原以及比表面积等测试手段对催化剂进行表征,并对其在富氢气条件下CO优先氧化性能进行研究。结果表明,掺杂适量CuO的钴铈催化剂,其催化活性较未添加CuO的催化剂明显提高,其中钴铈铜物质的量比为8∶1∶1的催化剂其CO完全转化温度降低至115℃,同时添加适量CuO的催化剂粒径明显减小,表面分散度改善,增强了Cu-Co-Ce间相互作用,具有较好的催化活性。     

氧化铈上负载不同金属(铁、钴、镍、钯)复合催化剂对甲烷完全氧化的性能研究

以氧化铈为载体,借助沉积沉淀法负载不同金属(铁、钴、镍、钯),继而研究其甲烷燃烧的反应性能。结果表明,负载金属钯的催化剂效果最佳,其在反应温度为350～600℃表现出极佳的催化活性。金属氧化物与氧化铈载体间的协同作用在该催化反应中有着很大的影响。进一步通过氢气程序升温还原手段对比不同催化剂中交界面处的晶格氧在反应中起到的作用。     

氧化铈上负载不同金属(铁、钴、镍、钯)复合催化剂对甲烷完全氧化的性能研究

以氧化铈为载体,借助沉积沉淀法负载不同金属(铁、钴、镍、钯),继而研究其甲烷燃烧的反应性能。结果表明,负载金属钯的催化剂效果最佳,其在反应温度为350～600℃表现出极佳的催化活性。金属氧化物与氧化铈载体间的协同作用在该催化反应中有着很大的影响。进一步通过氢气程序升温还原手段对比不同催化剂中交界面处的晶格氧在反应中起到的作用。     

铜掺杂Zr_0.4Ce_0.6O_2复合氧化物催化剂性能的研究

研究了铜掺杂 Zr0 .4 Ce0 .6O2 复合氧化物的还原性和催化性能 .结果表明 ,铜掺杂能显著提高该复合氧化物中氧化铈的还原性 ,降低氧化铜的还原温度 ,也能提高对 CO氧化的催化活性 ,这说明在铜与锆铈复合氧化物之间存在较强的相互作用 .焙烧处理对催化剂样品的性能亦有一定影响     

间接原子吸收法测定山楂中还原糖含量

本实验提出了原子吸收光谱法间接测定山楂中还原糖的方法。该法基于将山楂样品中可溶性还原糖溶于水后通过离心得到还原糖溶液,铜盐与还原糖反应生成氧化亚铜沉淀,沉淀经过离心分离后用浓氨水溶解,通过用原子吸收光谱法测定反应中定量析出的铜量,间接换算成还原糖含量。结论表明铜的质量浓度0~5.000μg/m L范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,标准曲线回归方程:A=0.1009C-0.004,R~2=0.997,测定山楂片中还原糖含量为:76.806 mg/g。原子吸收光谱法间接测定还原糖具有重复性好,成本低、操作简便,可应用于山楂片等食品、生物样品等样品中还原糖含量的测定。     

铜掺杂Zr0.4Ce0.6O2复合氧化物催化剂性能的研究

研究了铜掺杂Ｚｒ０．４Ｃｅ０．６Ｏ２复合氧化物的还原性和催化性能,结果表明,铜掺杂能显著提高昨合氧化物中氧化铈的还原性,降低氧化铜的还原温度,也能提高对ＣＯ氧化的催化活性和催化 这说明在铜与锆铈复合氧化物之间存在较强的相互作用,焙地催化剂样品的性能亦有一定影响。     

新型苯加氢催化剂的研制

制备了一系列不同原子比的新型苯加氢催化剂，并测定了其对苯加氢制环己烷的催化活性；考察了镍与助剂A不同原子比、不同Ni/A负载量、不同还原温度、不同浸渍方式和浸渍温度对苯加氢制环己烷反应的影响。结果表明，添加助剂A后，催化剂的还原温度降低，活性较好；以镍含量≥20％，镍、助剂A原子比为10／1．0，镍、助剂共浸制备的催化剂苯加氢活性较好。     

水热法制备铜锰纳米复合氧化物及选择氧化苯甲醇制苯甲醛

采用水热法制备出一系列铜锰纳米复合氧化物,考察了样品选择催化氧化苯甲醇的性能。结果表明,铜锰摩尔比小于1时产物主要是尖晶石型的Cu1.5Mn1.5O4,大于1时产物主要是Cu0.451Mn0.549O2,等于1时则是二者共存,所有样品均为厚度约10 nm的纳米片。铜含量增加时催化剂的还原温度降低,Cu0.451Mn0.549O2的催化活性比Cu1.5Mn1.5O4好。反应温度300℃,苯甲醇质量空速3.13 h-1时,苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性分别为94.14%和83.73%。     

废弃锂离子电池回收处理的污染物分析

本研究针对废锂钴电池及锂铁电池于不同热处理条件下的污染特性作实验分析,实验条件包括不同温度、时间、气体及投料量;实验流程包含样品收集、放电处理、拆解并通过原子光谱仪分析组成成分,直至热处理与采样分析。实验结果表明,废锂电池热处理的最佳温度为600℃,此时金属回收率最高且污染排放最低,锂钴电池的金属回收率分别为锂95.38%、钴93.99%、铜96.24%、铝85.28%,锂铁电池的金属回收率分别为锂90.01%、铁85.49%、铜83.72%、铝73.75%;不同进气组成会影响其热处理效果与金属回收率,但差距不大,若考虑操作成本与金属回收率,3种不同热处理操作气以空气最佳。废气中HCl和HF浓度在2~16μL/L,需要特别注意处理过程中酸性气体的控制去除。金属气固相分布结果表明,99.9%以上的金属成分仍存在于燃烧后残留物中,虽气相金属含量随着操作温度提高而有增加趋势,但比例极低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。