硫铁矿烧渣酸浸铜反应动力学研究

研究了硫酸烧渣的硫酸浸铜过程中,搅拌速率、浸出剂初始质量浓度、固液比、浸出温度和矿物粒径对浸出率的影响,并对硫铁矿烧渣浸取铜过程动力学进行了分析。研究结果表明,该浸出过程符合收缩芯模型,与化学反应控制动力学方程式相吻合,浸出反应的表观活化能为39.19 kJ/mol,浸出过程控制步骤为化学反应控制。     

铵盐浸取风化壳淋积型稀土矿中稀土和铝的动力学研究

为了探究铵盐浸取剂的使用,揭示稀土和杂质的浸出规律,以硫酸铵、氯化铵和硝酸铵分别作为浸取剂,考察温度、铵根离子浓度和流速对风化壳淋积型稀土矿中稀土和铝浸出动力学的影响,并采用收缩未反应芯模型对浸出过程进行拟合.结果表明,在一定范围内提高温度、铵根离子浓度或流速均可提高稀土和铝的浸出速率.硫酸铵浸出速率最慢、氯化铵次之,...     

锂离子电池正极废料中有价元素的选择性回收及其动力学模型

以LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2正极片生产废料为原料,用实验室自行研发的有机酸浸取剂IPE-A分离正极片中的铝箔,并对其中的有价元素进行选择性回收.结果表明,浸取剂IPE-A浓度3.5 mol/L、还原剂H_2O_2 4%(Φ)、固液比40 g/L、60℃水浴加热、反应40 min时,Li的浸出率为98.17%,Ni,Co,Mn的浸出率分别达93.45%,94.54%,96.41%,正极废料中铝箔集流体中的Al浸出率仅为2.07%,达到了很好的分离回收效果.采用Avrami方程描述浸取剂IPE-A浸出反应的动力学,浸出Ni,Co,Mn,Li的活化能分别为36.30,36.71,36.47,33.21 kJ/mol,化学反应为浸出过程的控速步骤.     

混合铵盐用于风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取稀土的动力学研究

采用柱浸工艺对风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取稀土的动力学进行了研究.通过对淋洗剂的配比的优化,证明采用氯化铵和硫酸铵比例为7:3的混合铵盐作为淋洗剂浸取稀土的效果最佳.考察了淋洗剂质量分数、淋洗液固比、淋洗速度及矿石粒度对浸取率的影响.并进行了浸取动力学分析.结果表明.其浸取过程可定性地用Fick定律描述.且较好地符合收缩未反应芯模型;当淋洗荆质量分数低于2.5%时.动力学控制步骤为混合控制;当淋洗剂质量分效达到2.5%后,其浸取动力学属内扩散控制.动力学方程为1-2/3η-(1-η)2/3=e6.105R0.21189t.     

高炉铝酸钙炉渣浸出过程动力学

研究了高炉铝酸钙炉渣的浸出动力学,考察了搅拌强度、浸出反应温度、浸出剂初始浓度及炉渣粒度对浸出速率的影响. 结果表明,浸出过程符合一级反应的收缩未反应核模型,宏观动力学方程为1+2(1-xB)-3(1-xB)2/3= 1.108exp(-1906/T)t,表观活化能为15.84 kJ/mol,过程速率为固膜内扩散速率控制. 通过实验数据验证,表明所得模型能较好地描述炉渣的浸出过程.     

我国南方某稀土矿浸出动力学研究

本文研究了南方某稀土矿浸出动力学，考察了浸出反应温度、浸出剂初始浓度及搅拌强度对浸出速率的影响，结果表明，其浸出过程可用收缩未反应芯模型描述。属内扩散控制，导出了浸出动力学方程．为高效抵耗浸出稀土提供了理论依据。     

攀西高锰稀土矿泥盐酸浸取稀土动力学

采用盐酸浸取攀西高锰稀土矿泥,考察了浸取反应温度、矿石粒度及盐酸浓度对浸取速率的影响. 结果表明,当盐酸浓度为2 mol/L时,浸取过程符合缩核模型,表观活化能为9.59 kJ/mol,属内扩散控制,宏观动力学方程为：K=(4.15?10–4)/r02 · exp(9590/RT); 当盐酸浓度大于2 mol/L时,矿石中的锰被大量浸出,其结构被破坏,浸取过程为混合控制.     

氯化钠-氧气浸取镍钴铜硫化精矿-I.镍和钴的浸取

论述氯化钠溶液中氧气浸出浮选镍铜钴硫化精矿的过程，讨论了镍和钴的浸出行为和浸出动力学．实验证实，镍和钴的浸出速率及最终浸出率主要取决于浸取溶液中铜离子浓度和氧分压；过高的反应温度不利于镍和钴的浸出；溶液ｐＨ值基本不影响浸出．镍和钴的浸出速率受浸取液中铜离子扩散及一价铜离子与氧的化学反应混合控制．     

稀土浸出过程溶质传递的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用耦合传质的格子Boltzmann方法模拟风化壳淋积型稀土矿中稀土浸出的溶质传递过程,在验证模型有效性的前提下,获得了稀土矿填充孔隙中流体流动的速度分布和伴随流动过程的溶质浓度分布. 通过考察浸取流速对溶质传递过程的影响,得到最佳浸取流速,约为0.25~0.35 mm/s,使溶质传递效率最高. 浸取流速小于0.2 mm/s导致浸取周期过长、浸取剂消耗量大;浸取流速大于0.4 mm/s引起沟流,导致稀土不能有效地浸出. 此外,模拟所得传质舍伍德数Sh随雷诺数Re的变化关系与经验关系式吻合,表明提出的模型可用于预测稀土浸出过程的溶质传递规律.     

用氨配合法从含锌废催化剂中回收锌

针对氧化锌易溶于氨-碳酸氢铵混合溶液中生成锌氨配合物这一特点,采用含锌废催化剂为原料,经化浆、高剪切分散后加入氨-碳酸氢铵溶液浸取,通过沉淀除杂、锌粉置换和热解蒸氨得到碱式碳酸锌。考察了高剪切分散机剪切速率、反应温度、浸取剂pH和浸取时间对锌浸出率的影响。结果表明,在剪切速率为25 000 r/min、反应温度为328 K、浸取剂pH=7.5、浸取时间为2 h的条件下,锌浸出率可达90%以上,制备的碱式碳酸锌优于HG/T 2523—2007《工业碱式碳酸锌》标准要求。该研究综合利用了含锌废催化剂,无二次污染产生,符合清洁生产和资源合理利用的要求。     

蛇纹石硫酸浸出过程动力学研究

首先确定了蛇纹石硫酸浸出过程中影响浸出速率的主要因素，以此为条件，对蛇纹石中MgO的浸出速率进行了研究。结果表明：MgO的浸出动力学能适用容积反应模型，其浸出速率可表示为样品中残留MgO量的二级反应，其表观活化能约为93.20kJ/mol，属化学反应控制。     

基于微波固相法与ChemOffice软件研究煤矸石中铁铝浸出机理

采用微波固相法酸浸提取煤矸石中的铁、铝,对煤矸石原料、酸浸物和酸浸渣的化学组成、物相组成及微观形貌进行了分析,利用ChemOffice软件对煤矸石原料及酸浸未溶物所含化合物分子的三维结构及分子间键长进行模拟. 结果表明,在微波辅助酸浸条件下,煤矸石中铁、铝组分浸取率分别达98.13%和95.07%,酸浸未溶物中铁、铝组分分别为FeH(SO4)2×2H2O, FeSO3, Al2SO4(OH)4×5H2O和AlH(SO4)2×2H2O. 微波固相法的酸浸反应机理与传统加热机理不同.     

采用盐酸溶液从废旧锂离子电池正极还原浸取钴

采用盐酸和双氧水体系为浸取液对废旧锂离子电池正极进行还原处理。正交实验表明,影响Co2+浸出率几种因素强度顺序为:HC l浓度>固液比>H2O2-HCl体积比>反应温度>反应时间。最佳浸取条件为:HCl浓度为3 mol/L,H2O2-HCl体积比为1∶15,反应时间90 min,反应温度80℃,固-液比(g/mL)为1∶50。此时,Co2+浸出率达到99.6%。     

响应面优化改进硫脲法浸出炼锌渣中银的工艺

采用改进硫脲法浸出含硫铁矿炼锌渣中银,用响应面方法研究了双氧水浓度［X1/（mol·L-1）］、硝酸浓度［X2/（mol·L-1）］、硫脲浓度［X3/（mol·L-1）］和浸出温度（X4/℃）对银浸出率（Y/%）的影响,并优化了浸出工艺。银浸出率与工艺因素之间的关系符合二次模型：Y=-476.0-40.17X1+58.20X2+82.15X3+12.30X4-22.65X1X3+5.03X1X4-0.51X2X4-1.08X3X4-81.47X12-3.65X22-1.30X32- 0.11X42。双氧水浓度和硫脲浓度的一次项对浸出率的影响不显著,浸出温度的一次项、双氧水浓度和硫脲浓度的二次项对浸出率有着显著影响,硝酸初始浓度的一次项和二次项对浸出率有着高度显著影响。双氧水浓度与硫脲浓度,温度与双氧水浓度、硝酸浓度、硫脲浓度之间均存在高度显著的交互作用。模型拟合所得最优的浸出条件为：双氧水浓度为0.96 mol/L、硝酸浓度为4.12 mol/L、硫脲浓度为2.17 mol/L、浸出温度为55 ℃。此条件下,银浸出率为91.3%,接近模型预测值（92.7%）。与单因素实验相比,银浸出率提高近10%。     

铝合金表面处理工业废渣制备氢氧化铝工艺

研究了以铝合金表面处理工业废渣为原料制备Al(OH)3的工艺,探讨了NaOH浸提Al和H2SO4法沉淀制备Al(OH)3的过程,考察了碱酸浓度及用量、温度、时间等对制备过程的影响,采用正交实验确定了最佳工艺条件,分析了Al(OH)3产品的化学组成、形貌和质量. 结果表明,干燥废渣中Al含量为28.7%,以Al(OH)3晶体存在. 在加入的NaOH与废渣中Al(OH)3摩尔比为2.88:1、反应温度75℃、时间55 min的最佳浸提条件下,Al浸出率达97.5%. 在加入的H2SO4与浸提液中AlO2-摩尔比为(0.95~1.10):1及pH=5.5的最佳沉淀条件下,Al(OH)3的沉淀收率为89.2%,Al总回收率为87.1%. Al(OH)3产品为无定型白色粉末,粒径约为17 mm,纯度达95.5%.     

某混合炸药提取铝工艺与动力学研究

研究了含Al混合炸药中Al的酸解反应工艺条件及动力学行为,考察了反应温度、硫酸浓度、炸药粒度及搅拌强度对反应的影响。结果表明,用稀硫酸溶液酸解Al的较适宜条件为：温度在40~50 ℃之间,硫酸浓度0.8 mol/L,炸药颗粒尺寸50目左右;Al的酸浸过程可用“粒径不变收缩芯模型”描述,符合动力学方程g(x)=1-(1-x)^1/3=kt,为化学反应控制类型,表观活化能为42.392 kJ/mol。在此基础上,经线性回归分析,发现表观反应速率常数k与硫酸初始浓度c₀及炸药粒径1/r₀²成正比例关系。     

Manganese leaching in high concentration flue gas desulfurization process with semi-oxidized manganese ore

Manganese leaching during high concentration flue gas desulfurization process with semi-oxidized manganese ore was studied in this paper. It was found that there were different reaction pathways among which MnO_2,Mn_2O_3 and MnCO_3 in semi-oxidized manganese ore during flue gas desulphurization and manganese leaching.High SO_2 concentration facilitated redox reaction between MnO_2 and SO_2, and high concentration of H_2SO_4 accelerated MnCO_3/Mn_2O_3 leaching from semi-oxidized ore. Kinetics study showed that manganese leaching in flue gas desulfurization process with semi-oxidized ore was controlled by a mixed-control model, that is the surface chemical reaction and mass diffusion dominated both the oxidation of SO_2 and manganese leaching process. The apparent activation energy was 13.05 k J·mol~(-1) and the reaction orders with respect to SO_2 and H_2SO_4 concentration were 1.38 and 0.10, respectively. Finally, a semi-empirical rate equation based on shrinking core model was derived to describe the process.     

软锰矿氧化脱色降解糖蜜酒精废液

采用软锰矿为氧化剂,在酸性条件下对糖蜜酒精废液进行氧化脱色降解,并同时浸出Mn。考察了反应温度、H2SO4浓度、软锰矿质量浓度等因素对糖蜜酒精废液脱色率、COD去除率和软锰矿中Mn浸出率的影响,并对反应过程机理进行了初步的探讨。结果表明,在Mn浸出量较小的情况下,即可获得较高的脱色率,而COD去除率却随Mn浸出量的增大而提高。在反应后期,部分有机物只能被氧化为有机酸,而不能进一步氧化为CO2。在反应温度90℃,H2SO4浓度1.1 mol/L,软锰矿质量浓度100 g/L,反应时间120 m in及采取二段反应工艺时,糖蜜酒精废液的脱色率可达98.2%,COD去除率达78.5%,软锰矿中Mn浸出率达到92.3%。     

Reliable,environmentally friendly method for the recycling of spent Ag/α-Al2O3 catalysts using (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6

Traditionally, Ag-containing solid wastes are leached by nitric acid in order to recycle the noble metal. However, the huge amounts of emission of toxic nitrogen oxides demand the development of a new method for silver recycling. Recently, considering the Ce(IV) solution could be regenerated with electrolyzation method, our group invented a novel environmentally friendly process by using Ce(IV) as the oxidant to dissolve silver from the spent Ag/α-Al₂O₃ catalysts without NO_x emission. To find out the optimal parameters, in this work, the leaching reaction was thoroughly investigated with respect to the temperature, oxidant and HNO₃ concentrations, stirring speed, and time. The optimized leaching reaction gave the leaching silver rate 99.8% in 1 h. The kinetic plots suggested a shrinking core model with the internal diffusion-controlled process and the activation energy of 38.83 kJ·mol^-1. The order in which the experimental conditions influence the reaction was determined through orthogonal analysis:temperature > oxidant concentration > HNO₃ concentration > stirring speed.     

Mechanistic modelling of kinetics and mass transfer for a solid–liquid system: Leaching of zinc with ferric iron

A systematic approach was developed to consider liquid–solid reactions with rough solid particles and shrinking particle model. The model is able to predict the reactivities of both non-porous and porous solid particles; the reaction order with respect to the solid material varies from zero (non-porous slab) to one (porous particle).As a model system, leaching of zinc sulphide (sphalerite) with ferric iron in an acidic environment was considered. The modelling was based on experimental data obtained in a batch reactor system, for which both conventional mixing and ultrasound was applied. Rival models based on plausible reaction mechanisms were derived and discriminated qualitatively and with regression analysis. The best model described the leaching reaction as a stepwise process, where ferric ions react with solid zinc sulphide in consecutive surface reaction steps. Shrinking particle model along with the surface roughness approach was used. The model predicts first order behaviour with respect to zinc sulphide, while the reaction order with respect to ferric iron varies from one to two as the reaction progresses. This is in accordance with experimental observations. The intrinsic kinetics, liquid–solid mass transfer and the effect of ultrasound were well described by the best kinetic model.