酚醛树脂基新戊二醇磷酸酯阻燃剂的合成及其性能研究

通过用新戊二醇磷酰氯对线型酚醛树脂(PF)酚羟基实行磷酰化封端处理,制备了线型PF基新戊二醇磷酸酯(NDMPP)阻燃剂,将其应用于阻燃PA6。采用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振磷谱(31P NMR)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征了NDMPP的结构,采用热重(TG)分析研究其热分解行为,采用极限氧指数(LOI)和UL 94测试其阻燃PA6材料的阻燃性能,采用万能材料试验机和冲击试验机测试阻燃材料的力学性能。1H NMR,31P NMR和FTIR结果表明,线型PF中大约82%的羟基被磷酰化,NDMPP中的磷含量约为11.9%。TG分析结果表明,NDMPP阻燃剂在氮气气氛下起始分解温度超过250℃,600℃的残炭率达到43.5%,显示出良好的热稳定性。当NDMPP质量分数为25%时,其阻燃的PA6达到UL 94 V–0等级,LOI达到33.4%,而拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量分别为纯PA6的76%,41%,72%和71%。     

N，N-双（2-（1,3-二氧异吲哚-2-基）乙基）丙烯酰胺的合成与表征

以邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)、二乙烯三胺(DETA)为原料,经亲电加成-消除反应合成有机中间体双(2-邻苯二甲酰亚胺)胺(DETA-2PA),其再与丙烯酰氯(AC)发生酰胺化反应合成有机中间体N,N-双[2-(1,3-二氧异吲哚-2-基)乙基]丙烯酰胺(AC-DETA-2PA)。通过FTIR、1HNMR、元素分析、HRMS、HPLC对产物结构进行了确证,并用TGA、荧光光谱对产物的性能进行了测试。考察了反应温度、反应时间、n(AC)∶n(DETA-2PA)及催化剂用量4个因素对合成AC-DETA-2PA胺值的影响。通过响应面设计对AC-DETA-2PA的合成工艺进行了优化,确定其较佳合成工艺条件为:n(AC)∶n(DEETA-2PA)=1.6∶1.0,反应温度为25℃,催化剂氢化钠用量占反应物(AC和DETA-2PA)总质量的8.46%,反应时间4h。在该条件下,AC-DETA-2PA的胺值可达2.96 mg KOH/g。     

原位还原-缩合配位法合成β-(2,4-二氨基苯氧基)乙醇-水杨醛Schiff碱锌(Ⅱ)配合物

通过原位还原-缩合配位法合成了β-(2,4-二氨基苯氧基)乙醇-水杨醛Schiff碱锌(Ⅱ)配合物,并用FTIR、1H NMR、TG-DTG和DSC方法分析了产物的结构。结果表明,在实验条件下,锌(Ⅱ)配合物的收率为53.1%,且β-(2,4-二硝基苯氧基)乙醇(2,4-DNPE)还原产物β-(2,4-二氨基苯氧基)乙醇(2,4-DAPE)的氧化被有效抑制;TG-DTG及DSC分析表明,产物在温度超过114℃时即出现明显分解,在630℃时基本分解完全;在N2氛围中,锌(Ⅱ)配合物完全分解后的残余物为原样品质量的27.81%,结合FTIR和1H NMR的分析结果,说明锌(Ⅱ)配合物为目的物。     

苯酚-尿素-乙二醛树脂的合成工艺研究

为从根本上消除木材胶合制品的甲醛释放对环境和人体健康的危害及改善尿素-乙二醛(UG)树脂的性能,选择无毒、低挥发的乙二醛代替甲醛,与尿素、苯酚反应制备苯酚-尿素-乙二醛(PUG)共缩聚树脂木材胶黏剂。研究了在反应的不同阶段加入苯酚以及苯酚的加入量对树脂性能的影响,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)对树脂的结构进行了表征。结果表明:在所研究的合成条件下,PUG树脂的pH和状态受苯酚加入量和加入时间的影响不大,苯酚的加入量为尿素总量的10%为宜;树脂中主要含有氮氢(N—H)、氧氢(O—H)、羰基(C=O)、饱和碳氢(C—H)、醚键(C—O—C)及碳氮(C—N)键等主要官能团。     

新型无卤阻燃共聚酰胺66的制备及表征

以自制双(4-羧苯基)苯基氧化膦(BCPPO)、尼龙(PA)66盐为原料,通过两步共缩聚反应制得了无卤阻燃共聚酰胺66(FR-PA66)。以特性粘度为考察指标,对合成工艺进行了优化,得到制备FR-PA66的最佳工艺条件:BCPPO与PA66盐初始混合物的pH为7.5,水溶液缩聚阶段反应温度为210℃,压力为1.75MPa,反应时间为90min;熔融缩聚阶段反应时间为25min。运用傅立叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热-热重分析法、扫描电子显微镜等手段对FR-PA66的结构和热稳定性进行分析。结果表明,FR-PA66的热分解温度及残炭率均高于PA66;共聚单体BCPPO的引入提高了FR-PA66的热稳定性,且有一定的阻燃作用。     

2-(2-咪唑基)-(4-正丁氧基)苯甲酰苯胺的合成工艺改进

2-(2-咪唑基)-(4-正丁氧基)苯甲酰苯胺具有潜在的抗肿瘤效应。本文通过改进合成路径,经过关环反应、还原反应以及酰化反应,成功合成了化合物2-(2-咪唑基)-(4-正丁氧基)苯甲酰苯胺(6),六步反应总收率达到30%,且各步反应都能放量反应,反应中间体及目标化合物结构经MS、1H NMR、13C NMR确证。     

9,9-二(4,4’-二羟基-3,3’-二甲酰基苯基)芴的合成研究

文章以双酚芴、氢氧化钠、三氯甲烷为原料合成了高对称性结构的9,9-二(4,4’-二羟基-3,3’-二甲酰基苯基)芴,用IR、1H NMR和13C NMR对产物结构进行了表征与分析。研究了氢氧化钠用量、反应时间、反应温度、三氯甲烷与双酚芴摩尔比对反应的影响。结果表明:三氯甲烷与双酚摩尔比为9∶1,10%氢氧化钠浓度,在80℃下回流7 h是比较适宜的合成条件。     

新型含三嗪结构氧杂膦菲阻燃剂的合成

以三聚氯氰、对羟基苯甲醛和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为主要原料,经两步反应合成了一种新型含三嗪结构氧杂膦菲阻燃剂PN-FR。第一步反应以三聚氯氰、对羟基苯甲醛为原料,二氯甲烷和水为混合溶剂,相转移催化剂作用下回流反应2 h,得2,4,6-三(4-醛基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪(ZJT),收率98.8%;第二步在n(DOPO)∶n(ZJT)∶n(催化剂)=3.2∶1∶0.8,66℃回流反应3 h条件下得目标产物PN-FR,收率95.8%。用FTIR、EA、1HNMR、LC/MS、TG和DSC对中间体和产物作了结构表征和热性能分析。将该阻燃剂初步应用于环氧树脂绝缘层压板的阻燃,当阻燃剂质量分数为15%时,绝缘层压板氧指数达到36.2,通过UL-94 V-0级测试。该文研究工作的新颖性,已为四川省科学技术信息研究所2006年10月26日出具的第A0601512号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

阻燃剂Cyagard RF-1的制备及结构表征

Cyagard RF-1[化学名亚乙基双三(2-氰乙基)溴化磷]是目前应用广泛的耐热高温阻燃剂,对聚烯烃具有较好的阻燃作用。以绿色环保的四羟甲基硫酸磷(THPS)为原料,合成高纯度的三(2-腈乙基)膦,再与1,2-二溴乙烷在水中反应制取目标产物亚乙基双三(2-氰乙基)溴化磷(ETPB)。并用FTIR、NMR、TG-DTA等对产物结构进行了表征。     

新型功能性助剂—2-(4-环氧丙氧基苯基)-2-噁唑啉的合成与表征

通过以2-对羟基苯基-2-噁唑啉为中间体,可以成功地从对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸乙酯出发合成一种新型的功能性助剂—2-(4-环氧丙氧基苯基)-2-噁唑啉,其结构经1H NMR及13C NMR检测为所设计的目标结构。该结构具有110℃的熔点。     

新型磷–氮–卤三系阻燃剂的合成及其在PP中的应用

五硫化二磷、对卤苯酚和二乙胺经过两步反应,合成了两种新型磷–氮–卤三系阻燃剂:O,O’–二(4–卤代苯基)二硫代磷酸–N,N–二乙铵(4–XC_6H_4O)_2PS_2NH_2Et_2[X=Br(1),Cl(2)],用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、紫外–可见吸收光谱和热重分析测定了两种阻燃剂的结构和热稳定性,并测定了它们在聚丙烯(PP)材料中的阻燃性能。热分析结果表明:两种阻燃剂的热稳定高,热分解温度分别为234.8℃和200.7℃;阻燃剂在PP中的质量分数为30%时,两种阻燃剂的极限氧指数(LOI)分别为28.5%和27.1%,垂直燃烧等级达到UL94 V–0级,表明所合成的两种阻燃剂具有良好的阻燃性能和潜在应用前景。     

三嗪阻燃剂的合成及阻燃ABS研究

合成了一种含溴、氮的三嗪阻燃剂——2，4，6-三(2，4，6-三溴苯氧基)-1，3，5-三嗪，利用FTIR、NMR和TG对其结构和热分解行为进行了表征，研究了在三氧化锑协效剂的存在下，本阻燃剂和十溴二苯醚对ABS阻燃和力学性能的影响。结果表明，该三嗪阻燃剂的合成产率为99．4％，具有优良的热稳定性，用其阻燃的ABS的阻燃性能和力学性能都优于十溴二苯醚。在该阻燃体系中，低的Sb／Br比有利于提高ABS的阻燃性，氮、溴表现出协同阻燃作用。     

六苯氧基环三磷腈的合成及其在丙烯酸树脂中的阻燃应用

以六氯环三磷腈（HCCP）、苯酚、氢化钠为原料,碳酸钾为催化剂,丙酮为溶剂,在氮气保护下合成了六苯氧基环三磷腈（HPCP）。采用红外光谱、核磁氢谱、碳谱、磷谱、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析技术对产物进行了表征。将HPCP作为阻燃剂添加到丙烯酸树脂中,测试了HPCP不同添加量的丙烯酸树脂的阻燃性和热稳定性。结果表明,当HPCP的添加量为20 wt %时,丙烯酸树脂的垂直燃烧可达UL-94 V-0级,极限氧指数从17.5 %增加到32.2 %,空气中700 ℃时残留质量提高至18.95 %,平均热释放速率（Mean HRR）和总热释放量（THR）分别降低至43 kW/m2和37 MJ/m2。     

基于环三磷腈/磷酸酯反应型磷-氮阻燃剂的合成、热降解及应用

以六氯环三磷腈(HCCP)、对羟基苯甲醛及亚磷酸二乙酯等为原料,成功合成了一种反应型磷-氮膨胀阻燃剂六(4-磷酸二乙酯羟甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(HPHPCP),HPHPCP结构经傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(NMR)证实。热失重(TG/DTG)表明HPHPCP具有较高的热稳定性及良好的成炭性,氮气氛下的起始分解温度为162.7℃,800℃时残炭量大于40%(质量分数);利用HPHPCP的羟基结构,应用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料中,可以显著提高聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃性能,添加30%的HPHPCP就可以使聚氨酯氧指数达到27%。     

A novel halogen‐free intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen and its application in polypropylene systems

A novel halogen‐free intumescent flame retardant, pentaerythritol spirobisphosphoryl‐dicyandiamide (SPDC), was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and ³¹P NMR spectra. The new flame retardant was used in polypropylene (PP) to prepare flame‐retardant materials whose flammability and thermal behavior were studied by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) method, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cone calorimetry (CONE). The mechanical properties were also investigated. The results indicated that when the addition of SPDC reached 30 wt%, the material showed both excellent flame retardancy and anti‐dripping abilities for PP. Moreover, the LOI value of the PP‐IFR(30%) was 32.5, and it passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating test. The CONE results revealed that in PP, SPDC(30%) significantly decreased the peak heat release, total heat release, and smoke relative to their values for pure PP. The morphological structures observed by SEM demonstrated that SPDC could promote the formation of a homogeneous and compact intumescent char layer. The TGA data showed that SPDC could enhance the thermal stability of PP and effectively increase the char residue formation. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

A novel flame retardant, tetra(5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐ dioxaphosphorinanyl‐2‐oxy) neopentane (DOPNP), was synthesized successfully, and its structure was characterized by FT‐IR, ¹H NMR, and ³¹P NMR. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrate that DOPNP showed a good char‐forming ability. Its initial decomposition temperature was 236.4°C based on 1% mass loss, and its char residue was 41.2 wt % at 600°C, and 22.9 wt % at 800°C, respectively. The flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of novel intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene (IFR‐PP) composites containing DOPNP were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, TGA, cone calorimeter (CONE) test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that DOPNP effectively raised LOI value of IFR‐PP. When the loading of IFR was 30 wt %, LOI of IFR‐PP reached 31.3%, and it passed UL‐94 V‐0. TGA results show that DOPNP made the thermal decomposition of IFR‐PP take place in advance; reduced the thermal decomposition rate and raised the residual char amount. CONE results show that DOPNP could effectively decrease the heat release rate peak of IFR‐PP. A continuous and compact char layer observed from the SEM further proved the flame retardance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.     

DBBDP阻燃聚碳酸酯性能研究

合成了一种新型无卤固态耐高温磷酸酯阻燃剂——4,4'-二羟基联苯双(二苯基磷酸酯)(DBBDP),利用FTIR、元素分析、1HNMR、31PNMR及TG对其结构及热分解行为进行了表征。研究了该阻燃剂对聚碳酸酯(PC)阻燃性能、力学性能、热分解行为及灼烧残炭的影响。结果表明:阻燃剂用量为4%即可使PC达UL94V—0级(3.2mm),氧指数(OI)接近30%。DBBDP还能改善PC的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度及弯曲模量等力学性能。DBBDP虽不能增加PC的成炭率,却可加速PC的交联成炭。此外,扫描电镜照片显示,DBBDP可使PC残炭的炭层加厚,但不能有效改善炭层的表面沟痕。     

Flammability behavior of unsaturated polyesters modified with novel phosphorous containing flame retardants

Two phosphorous containing reactive flame retardants namely Triallyl phosphate (TAP) and diethylene glycol modified tetra‐allyl phosphate (DTAP) are synthesized and incorporated successfully in commercial Unsaturated polyester (UPR) in various amounts (5, 10, and 15 phr) to yield flame retardant unsaturated polyester (FRUPR) composites. The structures of reactive flame retardant monomers are confirmed by FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, and³¹P‐NMR spectroscopy. Further, FRUPR composites are characterized for their mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties. It is observed that tensile strength and hardness of composites are enhanced with the addition of flame retardants; however, flexural strength and impact resistance are lowered. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study reveals that there is a significant increase in glass transition temperature with the addition of flame retardants suggesting the formation of dense and crosslinked structure in FRUPR composites. Thermal stability and the flame retardant properties are also observed to be improved with the increase in concentration of flame retardant in UPR as evidenced from Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA). Beyond 10 phr concentration of flame retardants, all composites show V‐0 rating on UL‐94 test. Also, increase in phosphorous content in composites leads to gradual improvement in limiting oxygen index values. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1483–1491, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Synthesis,characteristic of a novel flame retardant containing phosphorus and its application in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)

A novel flame retardant (SPDH) containing phosphorus was synthesized through the reaction of 10‐(2, 5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐9, 10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO‐HQ) and synthesized intermediate product 3, 9‐dichloro‐2, 4, 8, 10‐tetraoxa‐3, 9‐diphosphaspiro(5.5)undecane‐3, 9‐dioxide (SPDPC). The structure and properties of SPDPC and SPDH were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). After blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA), the flame‐retardant properties of EVA/SPDH composites were estimated by cone calorimeter, limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 tests, whereas the thermal stabilities were investigated using TGA. The morphological microstructure of the char formed by EVA/SPDH composite after combustion in cone calorimeter was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the flame retardant and thermal stability were improved by incorporation of SPDH. The rich foamy char layers were observed from the residues after combustion in a cone calorimeter, which exactly benefits the improvement of thermal stability and flame retardant property of materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.