玄武岩纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

以聚丙烯(PP)树脂为基体,加入玄武岩纤维(BF)和相关助剂,通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制得相应复合材料。考查相容剂对PP/BF复合材料性能影响、对PP/BF复合材料和PP/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料力学性能、微观形貌和耐热氧老化等性能进行对比。通过实验数据分析,加入相容剂后,拉伸强度提高126.8%,弯曲强度提高223.8%,弯曲弹性模量提高119.9%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度提高223.2%。在同样质量配比下,PP/BF复合材料较PP/GF复合材料拉伸强度提高9.8%,弯曲强度提高11.0%,弯曲弹性模量提高5.8%,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度降低10.7%。从微观电镜分析,加入相容剂可明显改善纤维与PP基材界面浸润程度。另外,BF比GF更易使复合材料老化,常规热氧老化剂1010和168对纤维增强PP类材料耐老化效果并不好,用等量自制热氧老化剂可解决此问题。     

长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

采用熔体浸渍包覆长玻璃纤维装置制备了长玻纤增强聚丙烯(PP/LFT)复合材料,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了同等配比的短玻纤增强聚丙烯(PP/SFT)复合材料。研究了增容剂含量、预浸料颗粒长度以及加工工艺对玻纤增强聚丙烯(PP/GF)复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:PP/LFT复合材料的力学性能明显优于PP/SFT复合材料,其拉伸强度及缺口冲击强度分别可达115.0 MPa和42.4 kJ/m~2;增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)的加入明显改善了GF与PP间的界面黏结强度,进一步提升了复合材料的力学性能,相比之下,增容剂对PP/SFT复合材料的性能提升效果更为明显;提高预浸料颗粒长度有利于复合材料纤维保留长度和力学性能的提升;适度提高加工温度,可进一步提高浸渍效果和复合材料的力学性能。     

含不同固化剂的EP/T–ZnOw复合材料的性能

研究加入不同固化剂T31和JA–1后对环氧树脂(EP)/四针状氧化锌晶须(T–ZnOw)复合材料性能的影响。测试了复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、导热性能和介电强度。结果表明,JA–1固化体系的力学性能和介电强度比T31固化体系更优越。当T–ZnOw含量为5份时,加入JA–1及T31固化剂时EP/T–ZnOw复合材料的拉伸强度最大值分别是31.4 MPa和27.6 MPa;加入JA–1固化剂时,当T–ZnOw含量为3份时EP/T–ZnOw复合材料的缺口冲击强度最高达到29.5 kJ/m2,加入T31固化剂的复合材料的缺口冲击强度基本在10 kJ/m2以内;当T–ZnOw含量为5份时加入JA–1和T31固化剂后复合材料的介电强度分别比纯EP增加了116%和106.7%。复合材料中加入T31固化剂后的导热性能要比JA–1固化剂的稍好。     

家具用PP基木塑复合材料的制备与力学性能

以聚丙烯(PP)为木塑复合材料基体,分别加入4种增强剂和3种增韧剂,通过共混挤出制备PP基木塑复合材料,研究了4种增强剂含量和粒径以及3种增韧剂含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着增强剂含量增加,复合材料的弯曲强度表现出先升后降趋势,随着增强剂粒径减小,复合材料的弯曲强度提高,增强效果从高到低依次为硅灰石、滑石粉、碳酸钙和硫酸钡;当硅灰石粒径为10μm、质量分数为15%时,复合材料具有最优的拉伸、弯曲以及缺口冲击强度。增韧剂乙烯–辛烯共聚物(POE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和苯乙烯–丁二烯–苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)可以大幅提高复合材料的缺口冲击强度,增韧效果从高到低依次为POE,EPDM和SBS。当粒径为10μm的硅灰石和POE质量分数分别为15%和20%时,复合材料综合力学性能最好,缺口冲击强度为17.61 k J/m2、拉伸强度为27.65 MPa、弯曲强度为30.28 MPa,其弯曲强度优于目前常用木质人造板材,可满足家具行业应用。     

玻纤含量对长纤维增强聚丙烯性能的影响

通过熔融浸渍工艺制备了长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料(LFT–PP),利用力学性能测试、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察等方法研究了玻纤含量对LFT–PP性能的影响。结果表明,当玻纤质量分数为50%时,复合材料力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度达到158.7 MPa,为纯PP的5.7倍;缺口冲击强度为52.6 kJ/m2,是纯PP的10.7倍。从SEM照片可以看出,玻纤与PP树脂有很好的相容性,使得复合材料具有极佳的力学性能。     

滑石粉对聚丙烯微观形态和性能影响

以滑石粉为填料通过挤出机熔融共混制备聚丙烯（PP）/滑石粉复合材料,考察了硅烷偶联剂对滑石粉表面改性前后及添加不同含量的乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE）对共混物力学性能、流变性能和微观形态的影响。结果表明,滑石粉表面改性后可以明显提高PP的缺口冲击强度,当PP/滑石粉质量比为100/10和100/30时,PP/滑石粉（改性）较PP/滑石粉（未改性）复合材料的缺口冲击强度分别提高37.8 %与36.4 %;表面改性后的滑石粉使复合材料的储能模量降低;POE的加入提高了滑石粉在PP基体中的分散性,随着其含量的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高,韧性提高。     

废印刷电路板基材填充聚丙烯的界面改性研究

利用双马来酰亚胺(BMI)与马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)作为界面处理剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯/废旧印刷电路板(PP/WPCB)复合材料,测试了复合材料的力学性能,并观察了复合材料的断面形貌。结果表明:BMI和PP-g-MAH的加入提高了PP与WPCB基材的界面结合强度,复合材料力学性能与纯PP相比有所提高,特别是冲击强度,最大增幅为137%;WPCB起到了增强增韧作用,实现了废弃资源的再利用。     

β成核剂和纳米SiO_2复合改性PP/POE复合材料研究

研究了纳米SiO2和β成核剂对PP/POE复合材料力学性能的影响,并用广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)对其进行了表征。结果表明:纳米SiO2的加料方式影响PP/POE复合材料的力学性能,先将PP和纳米SiO2共混挤出,再与POE共混制备得到的复合材料冲击强度最高。当纳米SiO2含量为4%时,PP/POE/纳米SiO2复合材料的综合力学性能最好。在PP/POE/纳米SiO2复合体系中的加入β成核剂后,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降,而韧性进一步提高,当β成核剂含量为0.4%时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值,拉伸强度也明显提高。XRD表明,β成核剂在纳米SiO2改性PP/POE复合体系中能显著诱导β晶的生成。     

PP/OBC/EPDM-g-MAH复合材料的制备及性能

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体材料,乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物(OBC)为增韧材料,三元乙丙橡胶接枝马来酸酐共聚物(EPDM-g-MAH)为相容剂,制备了PP/OBC/EPDM-g-MAH复合材料。用DSC、SEM、转矩流变仪分析了OBC及EPDM-g-MAH对PP结晶性能、断面相结构、流变性能的影响,测试了复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:加入15%OBC,PP/OBC复合材料的熔融温度升高了1.63℃,结晶度降低了5.4%,断裂伸长率及缺口冲击强度明显提高,弯曲强度和拉伸强度有所下降;含4%EPDM-g-MAH的PP/OBC/EPDM-g-MAH复合材料,OBC粒子均匀分散在PP基体中,粒径明显细化,熔融塑化扭矩值降低,结晶速率加快;与纯PP相比,断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度分别提高了128.57%和107.96%,柔韧性有较大幅度提高。     

聚丙烯/改性金云母复合材料的研究

通过熔融共混法,分别将未处理、经庚二酸(PA)处理和经PA/Ca(OH)_2复合处理的金云母与聚丙烯(PP)制备了PP/金云母复合材料。研究了改性金云母对PP结晶行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明:经PA处理后的金云母的粒径更小,分布更窄。加入处理过的金云母的复合材料中β晶的含量显著提升。添加改性金云母复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度提升效果显著。加入处理的金云母后,PP球晶尺寸明显减小,球晶形态发生变化。     

Studies on the Physicomechanical Properties of Sodium Periodate Oxidized Jute Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) Composites

In the present work, effects of oxidation and fiber content (from 20 to 35 wt. %) on the physicomechanical properties of jute-polypropylene (PP) composites were studied. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and charpy impact strength) were measured for all raw and oxidized jute-PP composites. Improved mechanical properties were obtained for oxidized jute-PP composites. Interfacial adhesion and bonding between the fiber and PP matrix were investigated by scanning electron micrograph analysis. Improved interfacial interactions and reduced water absorption were found for oxidized jute-PP composites. Water absorption tests of all composites were also performed.     

剑麻纤维/长玻纤混杂增强PP复合材料的力学性能研究

采用剑麻纤维(SF)和长玻璃纤维(LGF)混杂增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,考察了SF/LGF的比例和含量对PP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:SF/LGF在聚丙烯树脂基体中呈交叉网状分布,这有利于提高复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和软化点。在SF/LGF质量比为2 2∶,二者总质量分数为30%时,SF/LGF混杂增强PP复合材料的综合力学性能较好。     

环氧树脂/短切碳纤维复合材料性能研究

制备出了短切碳纤维增强TDE-85环氧树脂复合材料,研究了碳纤维的含量对复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维的加入有利于复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的提高,并在碳纤维含量为0.25%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击韧性、弯曲强度和弯曲模量达到最大,分别提高了29.33%、25.31%、30.28%和68.93%。此外,对复合材料的弯曲断裂面进行了微观形貌分析,结果表明一定量的碳纤维可以较好地分散在树脂基体中,同时,碳纤维原丝和树脂基体的界面结合比较弱,主要依赖于两相之间的物理嵌合。     

Long jute fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composite: Effects of jute fiber bundle and glass fiber hybridization

Two types of long jute fiber pellet consisting of twisted‐jute yarn (LFT‐JF/PP) and untwisted‐jute yarn (UT‐JF/PP) pellets are used to prepare jute fiber–reinforced polypropylene (JF/PP) composites. The mechanical properties of both long fiber composites are compared with that of re‐pelletized pellet (RP‐JF/PP) of LFT‐JF/PP pellet, which is re‐compounded by extrusion compounding. High stiffness and high impact strength of JF/PP composites are as a result of using long fiber. However, the longer fiber bundle consequently affects the distribution of jute fiber. The incorporation of 10 wt % glass fibers is found to improve mechanical properties of JF/PP composites. Increasing mechanical properties of hybrid composites is dependent on the type of JF/PP pellets, which directly affect the fiber length and fiber orientation of glass fiber within hybrid composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41819.     

玻纤毡增强聚丙烯复合材料的增容及力学性能

通过玻璃纤维(GF)毡与双螺杆挤出相容剂改性聚丙烯(PP)膜的多层叠合,以熔融浸渍法制得PP基GF毡增强热塑性塑料(GMT)复合材料,研究了相容剂PP接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和PP接枝丙烯酸(PP-g-AA)的用量(为PP基体质量的百分数)及其复配改性,以及相容剂改性PP基体分布和毡体种类对GMT力学性能的影响。结果表明,PPg-MAH可明显提高GMT的拉伸与弯曲性能,但降低了冲击性能;PP-g-AA可明显提高GMT的冲击性能,但不利于拉伸与弯曲性能的提高,只有当PP-g-AA用量超过5%后,拉伸性能才有所提升。在PP-g-MAH用量为3%的条件下,将其与不同用量的PP-g-AA进行复配改性没有对GMT力学性能产生协同作用。在各相容剂用量相近(3%~3.5%)的情况下,与相容剂复配改性GMT相比,以两层PP-g-AA改性PP为芯层、PP-g-MAH改性PP为上下表面层作为改性基体分布时,GMT拉伸与弯曲强度分别提高17%和27%、缺口冲击强度提高48%;而以两层PP-g-MAH改性PP为芯层、PP-g-AA改性PP为上下表面层作为改性基体分布时,在不损失强度与刚性的同时,缺口冲击强度提高了88%。采用连续GF毡的GMT力学性能比采用短切GF毡的GMT高,尤其是缺口冲击强度提高了89.6%。     

玻璃纤维增强生物基PA5T/56的制备与性能

通过物理共混改性制备了不同玻璃纤维含量的聚对苯二甲酰戊二胺/聚己二酰戊二胺(PA5T/56)复合材料,研究了不同玻璃纤维含量对复合材料力学性能、热性能、吸水率和结晶行为的影响.结果 表明,随着玻璃纤维含量的增加,复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性得到大幅度提升,而吸水率逐渐降低.当玻璃纤维含量的质量分数达到40％时,PA5T...     

Prospect of nanoscale interphase evaluation to predict composite properties

For meeting the requirements of lightweight and improved mechanical properties, composites could be tailor-made for specific applications if the adhesion strength which plays a key role for improved properties can be predicted. The relationship between wettability and adhesion strength has been discussed. The microstructure of interphases and adhesion strength can be significantly altered by different surface modifications of the reinforcing fibers, since the specific properties of the interphase result from nucleation, thermal and/or intrinsic stresses, sizing used, interdiffusion, and roughness. The experimental results could not confirm a simple and direct correlation between wettability and adhesion strength for different model systems. The main objective of the work was to identify the interphases for different fiber/polymer matrix systems. By using phase imaging and nanoindentation tests based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), a comparative study of the local mechanical property variation in the interphase of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin (EP) and glass fiber reinforced polypropylene matrix (PP) composites was conducted. As model sizings for PP composites, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and either polyurethane (PU) or polypropylene (PP) film former on glass fibers were investigated. The EP-matrix was combined with either unsized glass fibers or glass fibers treated with APS/PU sizing. It was found that phase imaging AFM was a highly useful tool for probing the interphase with much detailed information. Nanoindentation with sufficiently small indentation force was found to be sufficient for measuring actual interphase properties within a 100-nm region close to the fiber surface. Subsequently, it also indicated a different gradient in the modulus across the interphase region due to different sizings. The possibilities of controlling bond strength between fiber surface and polymer matrix are discussed in terms of elastic moduli of the interphases compared with surface stiffness of sized glass fibers, micromechanical results, and the mechanical properties of real composites.     

Mechanical properties of wood-fiber/toughened isotactic polypropylene composites

This study investigates the mechanical properties of wood-fiber/toughened PP composite modified by physical blending with an EPDM rubber to improve impact toughness. Wood-fiber thermoplastic composites were prepared with a modified PP matrix resin, employing high shear thermokinetic compounding aided with maleated PP for the fiber dispersion. The addition of EPDM improved the impact toughness, while it reduced stiffness and strength properties. To compensate the non-plane strain fracture toughness, the specimen strength ratio (R_sb) was adopted as a comparative measure of fracture toughness. The strength ratio increased with the addition of EPDM, while it decreased with increasing wood-fiber concentration. The work of fracture increased with EPDM level except at large wood-fiber concentration. The effectiveness of the impact modification was assessed with the balance between tensile modulus and unnotched impact energy as a function of wood-fiber concentration. EPDM rubber modification was moderately effective for wood-fiber PP composites. The examination of fracture surfaces showed twisted fibers, fiber breakage, and fiber pull-out from the matrix resin.     

超支化聚合物对聚丙烯/剑麻纤维复合材料性能影响

为改善剑麻纤维(SF)与聚丙烯(PP)之间的相容性,在PP/SF复合材料中添加超支化聚酯(H101)、超支化环氧树脂(E102),研究了两种超支化聚合物(HBP)的热稳定性及对PP/SF复合材力学性能、熔体流动性和微观形貌的影响。热重分析表明,所使用的HBP均具有较好的热稳定性;扫描电子显微镜分析发现,HBP的加入使基体与纤维结合得更加紧密;力学性能测试表明,H101可不同程度地提高复合材料的拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度;E102可提高复合材料的拉伸及冲击强度,当E102含量为10%时,与PP/SF复合材料相比,冲击强度提高了72.24%。尽管HBP含量较高时复合材料的力学性能提高,但HBP会降低复合材料的熔体流动速率,选择HBP含量时需要综合考虑。     

短碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的研究

本文研究了单螺杆挤出机加工短碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料（ＣＦＲＰＰ）的性能。结果表明，经表面处理的短碳纤维与ＰＰ复合，得到的材料其拉伸强度、冲击强度和热变形温度有明显提高，成型收缩率显著减小、电性能与半导体相近。本文还结合拉伸断面的电镜照片，比较分析了表面处理前后短碳纤维增强ＰＰ复合材料力学性能的变化。