产品线工程理论应用与研究

产品线工程（Product Line Engineering）是运用软件重用思想的一种软件开发方法,它属于一种大粒度的软件复用方式,用于开发相同领域的类似产品过程。由于PLE强调针对特定产品集合的领域开发和面向重用技术,所以能有效地提高软件产品的开发效率和质量,降低软件开发成本。文中介绍了PLE理论,着重研究产品线模型、开发模式、生命周期和体系结构,介绍领域工程和应用工程在生命周期内部的交互作用。通过产品线开发周期分析和比较出PLE在系统开发过程中的特点,最后介绍PLE在HIS系统中的开发应用。     

产品线工程理论应用与研究

产品线工程(Product Line Engineering)是运用软件重用思想的一种软件开发方法,它属于一种大粒度的软件复用方式,用于开发相同领域的类似产品过程.由于PLE强调针对特定产品集合的领域开发和面向重用技术,所以能有效地提高软件产品的开发效率和质量,降低软件开发成本.文中介绍了PLE理论,着重研究产品线模型、开发模式、生命周期和体系结构,介绍领域工程和应用工程在生命周期内部的交互作用.通过产品线开发周期分析和比较出PLE在系统开发过程中的特点,最后介绍PLE在HIS系统中的开发应用.     

基于软件产品线的需求分析研究

软件产品线方法是一种面向特定领域的、大规模、大粒度的软件复用技术.在软件产品线的开发过程中,产品线需求分析是软件产品线开发的关键活动之一,软件产品线需求分析奠定了产品线构架的基础.通过分析软件产品线开发过程和软件产品线需求分析的特点,阐述了软件产品线需求分析方法以及软件产品线需求分析的实践风险.以领域分析和建模为切入点,对软件产品线的领域分析、需求建模和用例建模等关键方法和技术进行了重点的研究.     

基于UML用例图的软件产品线需求建模方法

软件产品线方法是一种面向特定领域的、大规模、大粒度的软件复用技术。明确建模和描述软件产品线需求是软件产品线开发的关键问题之一。而传统的UML用例图等方法不足以完整描述产品线需求,特别是其变化性。通过分析软件产品线开发过程和软件产品线需求建模的特殊性,采用扩展UML用例图标签的方法,实现对软件产品线需求的明确描述。以网络图书销售软件产品线为例,进行具体说明。     

弹载飞行控制软件重用技术的发展趋势研究

弹载飞行控制软件是导弹的核心软件,应用软件重用技术可以有效降低软件产品开发和维护的成本,压缩研制周期,保证软件设计质量的稳定性。本文归纳梳理了弹载飞行控制软件的特点,描述了其应用软件重用技术的现状。并据此对软件重用技术的未来发展趋势做了展望。     

地球科学应用软件框架的研究与发展

地球科学应用软件框架是面向地球系统建模与模拟领域的软件框架,其作用是通过鲁棒、灵活的软件工具提高本领域各种复杂应用中的软件互操作性、易用性、可重用性以及性能可移植性。介绍了地球科学应用软件框架产生发展的背景和3种典型的框架,并对这 3种框架进行了比较分析,展望了地球科学应用软件框架未来的发展方向。     

一种基于UML的软件产品线可变性建模方法

将UML引入到软件产品线开发中,在产品线可变性分析的基础上,提出了一种基于UML的产品线可变性建模方法。该方法不仅支持可选、多选一等可变点类型的描述,还支持软件产品线可变性的约束建模。在此基础上,还通过一个手机应用软件的产品线可变性建模实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于UML的软件产品线建模方法研究

软件产品线方法是一种面向特定领域的、大规模、大粒度的软件复用技术。文章简要介绍了基于UML的软件产品线建模方法。由于软件产品线对于产品线成员公共性和变化性的特殊关注,其用例模型、交互模型、状态模型、静态模型、特征模型和单一软件系统相比都有所区别。文章对各种模型进行描述的同时,以报业排版软件产品线样张打印功能为例,进行具体说明。     

基于构件和框架、面向方面的软件产品线开发方法CFB-AOD

本文提出了一种基于构件和框架、面向方面的软件产品线设计方法CFB-AOD(ComponentandFrameworkBased,AspectOrientedDesign)。CFB-AOD关注实际的软件开发过程,致力于在软件产品线的开发过程中融入构件技术、框架技术和面向方面技术,对软件开发特别是软件产品线开发有实际的指导意义。并以北航软件所白盒测试工具产品线QESat为例,介绍了CFB-AOD的实际运用。     

基于组件的软件产品线方法

软件产品线方法通过在软件开发的各个阶段引入不同重量级别的重用,可使软件产品开发如同在流水线上批量生产工业产品,一方面软件产品的成本可以大幅降低,另一方面软件产品的生产周期可以大大缩短,同时其质量也可以得以显著提高[1].基于软件产品线驱动的现代组件技术,把软件产品开发过程划分为塑造空间和创建空间,以行业组件框架为核心支撑,开发出一系列软件产品.     

基于特征模型的软件产品线可变性建模方法

特征建模是软件产品线开发中的一项关键活动,对特征可变性和特征依赖的建模是特征模型中最重要的组成部分。阐述了特征模型的元模型,着重讨论了特征可变性建模过程,详细分析了特征可变性、特征之间关系、特征依赖类型的识别方法和使用特征依赖矩阵的表示方法。在此基础上,还通过一个库房监视系统应用软件的产品线可变性建模实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

Automating Test Case Selection in Model-Based Software Product Line Development

We address the problem of how to select test cases for products in a controlled model-based software product line development process. CVL, the common variability language, gives a framework for materialisation of product models from a given base model, variability model and resolution model. From such product models, software products can be derived. In practise, test case development for the product line often is independent from the product development. Therefore, the problem arises which test cases can be applied to which products. In particular, the question is whether a test case for one speci c product can be also used for a "similar" product. In this paper, we show how the expected outcome of a test case to a product in a model-based software product line development can be determined. That is, we give a procedure for assigning the outcome of a given test case on an arbitrary member of a software product line. We recall the relevant de nitions for software product line engineering, describe our approach, and demonstrate it with the example of a product line of super-automatic espresso machines.     

The impact of software evolution and reuse on software quality

This paper presents a case study of a software project in the maintenance phase. The case study was based on a sample of modules, representing about 1.3 million lines of code, from a very large telecommunications system. Software quality models were developed to predict the number of faults expected from the coding through operations phases. Since modules from the prior release were often reused to develop a new release, one model incorporated reuse data as additional independent variables. We compare this model's performance to a similar model without reuse data.Software quality models often have product metrics as the only input data for predicting quality. There is an implicit assumption that all the modules have had a similar development history, so that product attributes are the primary drivers of different quality levels. Reuse of software as components and software evolution do not fit this assumption very well, and consequently, traditional models for such environments may not have adequate accuracy. Focusing on the software maintenance phase, this study demonstrated that reuse data can significantly improve the predictive accuracy of software quality models.     

Functional networks as a novel data mining paradigm in forecasting software development efforts

This paper proposes a new intelligence paradigm scheme to forecast that emphasizes on numerous software development elements based on functional networks forecasting framework. The most common methods for estimating software development efforts that have been proposed in literature are: line of code (LOC)-based constructive cost model (COCOMO), function point (FP) based on neural networks, regression, and case-based reasoning (CBR). Unfortunately, such forecasting models have numerous of drawbacks, namely, their inability to deal with uncertainties and imprecision present in software projects early in the development life-cycle. The main benefit of this study is to utilize both function points and development environments of recent software development cases prominent, which have high impact on the success of software development projects. Both implementation and learning process are briefly proposed. We investigate the efficiency of the new framework for predicting the software development efforts using both simulation and COCOMO real-life databases. Prediction accuracy of the functional networks framework is evaluated and compared with the commonly used regression and neural networks-based models. The results show that the new intelligence paradigm predicts the required efforts of the initial stage of software development with reliable performance and outperforms both regression and neural networks-based models.     

教育软件工程的研究框架与发展趋势

教育软件的开发一直缺少相适应的开发方法的研究。教育软件工程是近年来出现的崭新的研究方向,是软件工程和教育学相互融合深入的产物。首先从总体上讨论了教育软件的概念、教育软件工程在软件产品开发中和生存周期的关系,然后描述了当前应用的具有代表性的教育软件开发模型,最后是关于教育软件工程的未来研究课题内容、研究趋势整体框架和研究发展分层结构。     

Preliminary Data Analysis Methods in Software Estimation

Software is quite often expensive to develop and can become a major cost factor in corporate information systems budgets. With the variability of software characteristics and the continual emergence of new technologies the accurate prediction of software development costs is a critical problem within the project management context. In order to address this issue a large number of software cost prediction models have been proposed. Each model succeeds to some extent but they all encounter the same problem, i.e., the inconsistency and inadequacy of the historical data sets. Often a preliminary data analysis has not been performed and it is possible for the data to contain non-dominated or confounded variables. Moreover, some of the project attributes or their values are inappropriately out of date, for example the type of computer used for project development in the COCOMO 81 (Boehm, 1981) data set. This paper proposes a framework composed of a set of clearly identified steps that should be performed before a data set is used within a cost estimation model. This framework is based closely on a paradigm proposed by Maxwell (2002). Briefly, the framework applies a set of statistical approaches, that includes correlation coefficient analysis, Analysis of Variance and Chi-Square test, etc., to the data set in order to remove outliers and identify dominant variables. To ground the framework within a practical context the procedure is used to analyze the ISBSG (International Software Benchmarking Standards Group data—Release 8) data set. This is a frequently used accessible data collection containing information for 2,008 software projects. As a consequence of this analysis, 6 explanatory variables are extracted and evaluated.     

Software Evolution for Moving into and Moving within Internetware Paradigm

Internetware has been an emerging software paradigm to best support computing in the Internet era. Internetware emphasises accommodating the open, dynamic and uncontrollable natures of Internet, which directly and indirectly relates software evolvability. This paper observes that evolving non-Internetware software into the Internetware paradigm and evolving software within Internetware will be two main research and practical issues, and hence proposes an integrated approach to address these two issues. The proposed framework is based a three-dimension structure, with System Functions, System Quality and System models as dimensions. With this framework, evolving software into internetware paradigm can be viewed mainly as changing the qualities of existing software and evolving software within Internetware paradigm can be viewed mainly as changing software functions. The involved prototype tool, working examples and experiments conducted, are used to illustrate the proposed approach.     

软件复用经济学模型比较分析

说明了软件复用经济学模型的主要目的和任务,对目前国际上提出的12个模型进行了比较分析。将复用经济学模型划分为两类：成本收益模型和投资分析模型,并举例介绍了相关类型的模型。对分析的所有模型列表比较,分析了它们的适用情况和异同点,并对领域存在的问题进行了讨论。     

基于复用的软件产品线工程关键技术研究

软件复用技术在软件工程领域具有重要作用并且被广泛应用,尤其是在软件产品线工程领域,系统化的软件复用技术为软件产品线的设计和实现提供了基础。论文首先详细阐述了具有代表性的系统化软件复用支撑技术,随后在一个通用的软件产品线参考架构的基础上,探讨了复用技术在软件产品线工程领域的主要应用形式,最后针对可变性定义及其管理问题,引人并着重探讨了三种可变性管理模型及技术。