富硒小麦籽粒中硒分布规律的研究

为了探索富硒小麦中硒的赋存形态及分布规律,采用原子吸收分光光度法分别测定小麦籽粒中各主要成分中硒的含量。结果表明,富硒小麦籽粒中硒主要以有机态存在,占总硒的83．34％;小麦籽粒中硒主要赋存形态为多糖和蛋白质结合硒,其中蛋白质结合硒占总硒的43．08％;在蛋白质结合硒中,谷蛋白中硒含量较高,占总硒的22．6％。     

富硒花生中硒的赋存形态研究

采用不同的提取液分别提取花生中的蛋白质、多糖和脂肪,测定各组分中的含硒量,研究富硒花生籽粒中硒的赋存形态。结果表明:富硒花生籽粒中的硒以蛋白质结合态硒含量最高,占总硒的69.29%,其中碱溶性蛋白态硒含量最高,占硒总量的45.19%。其次是多糖态结合硒,占总硒的11.76%,其中酸溶性多糖态硒含量最高。脂肪结合态硒只占总硒的8.61%。     

富硒大米中硒形态分析

采用原子荧光光度法分析了天然富硒大米中硒的主要赋存形态、分布及含量.本实验中,硒的检测线性范围为4 μg/L～20μg/L,相关系数是r=0.999 3,总硒测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.966％(n=6),总硒的加标回收率为103.12％.实验表明富硒大米中的总硒含量为206.708 μg/kg,达到60 μg/kg～300 μg/kg的富硒标准,而硒主要以对人体有益的有机硒形态存在,含量为168.875 μg/kg,占总硒的81.70％,而有机硒中最主要的赋存形态是蛋白硒,含量90.170 μg/kg,占53.40％,其次多糖硒占9.28％,RNA硒占1.86％,其它形态的有机硒占35.46％.     

玄参中硒的赋存形态及分布研究

研究了玄参中硒的赋存形态、分布及含硒大分子的提取分离技术。采用不同的浸提液提取玄参中多糖和蛋白质,用原子吸收法测定它们各组分中含硒量。玄参中的含硒组分主要有蛋白硒、多糖硒,分别占样品总硒的58.65%、25.16%,蛋白硒是玄参中硒的主要赋存形态,在硒蛋白质组分中,又以水溶性蛋白结合硒含量最高,占样品总硒的20.95%。     

富硒茶叶中硒的赋存形态研究

利用氢化物—原子荧光光度法分析硒在富硒茶叶中的主要赋存形态及分布规律。结果表明,富硒茶叶中的总硒含量为533.5μg/kg,硒主要以对人体有益的有机结合态形式存在,其含量占总硒的比例为83.66%,而有机硒中最主要的赋存形态为蛋白硒,占有机硒含量的76.35%,茶叶中的硒还有少部分与核酸和多糖结合。     

荸荠中硒的赋存形态及分布研究

研究了湖北恩施所购买的荸荠中硒的赋存形态、分布及含硒大分子的提取分离技术。采用不同的浸提液提取荸荠中的蛋白质,水提取荸荠中的多糖,并测定它们的含量,用微波消化法消化,原子吸收分光法测各组分中的含硒量。结果表明,蛋白硒是荸荠中硒的主要赋存形态,其占总硒含量的50.45%;蛋白质组分中,以醇溶性蛋白质结合的硒量最多,占总硒含量的38.66%;也有部分硒和多糖结合。     

梭子蟹中硒形态分析及其分布研究

为研究梭子蟹中硒的赋存形态,并进一步探究梭子蟹硒蛋白组分中硒含量的分布,以梭子蟹为研究对象,采用透析法提取有机硒、连续提取法提取不同种类蛋白质、热水浸提法提取多糖、原子荧光光谱法测定原料和各组分中的含硒量。结果表明:梭子蟹中64.5%的硒是以有机硒形态存在,并主要与蛋白结合(蛋白硒占总硒的48.8%);碱溶性蛋白和水溶性蛋白是梭子蟹结合硒的主要蛋白,总结合硒量占蛋白硒含量的77.9%,按照结合硒量的多少,硒在蛋白中的分布依次是:碱溶性蛋白水溶性蛋白盐溶性蛋白醇溶性蛋白;也有部分硒和多糖结合,占总硒含量的3.59%。     

茶叶中硒赋存形态的检测研究进展

硒是人体必需的一种微量元素,具有多种赋存形态。人体摄取硒的主要途径为饮食摄入。为合理且科学评价茶叶中硒的营养水平,硒的赋存形态及含量的检测成为近期的研究热点。本文研究了茶叶中总硒及硒的赋存形态、总硒及硒的赋存形态的提取以及总硒及硒的赋存形态分析分离和检测方法,以期为茶叶中硒赋存形态的研究提供参考,推动茶叶硒赋存形态检测标准的持续发展。     

富硒虫草中硒的赋存形态及分布特点

研究恩施人工栽培的富硒虫草中硒的含量分布和赋存形态,采用不同的浸提液提取虫草中的多糖和不同种类蛋白质,双道原子荧光检测原料和各组分中的含硒量。结果表明,蛋白结合硒是虫草中硒的主要赋存形态,占总硒含量的51.44%;在不同种类的蛋白质组分中,以碱溶性蛋白质结合的硒量最多,占总可溶性蛋白硒含量的31.18%;也有部分硒和多糖结合,占总硒含量的12.01%。     

硒在堇叶碎米荠中的赋存形态及分布规律

使用水、氯化钠、乙醇和氢氧化钠等不同提取液分别提取堇叶碎米荠中的蛋白质、多糖、核酸等有机硒大分子及无机硒,并采用氢化物发生-原子荧光法(HG-AFS)测定其硒含量,研究硒在堇叶碎米荠中的赋存形态及分布规律。结果表明:堇叶碎米荠不同部位硒含量分布规律为茎叶根;叶片中有机硒的含量不仅高于无机硒,且有机硒转化率达到60%以上,硒多糖是堇叶碎米荠有机硒赋存形态的主要组成部分,占样品总硒的28.74%,其次为硒蛋白,硒蛋白组分中水溶性蛋白结合硒含量最高,占总蛋白含硒量的24.04%。     

富硒处理对萌发绿豆中几种营养成分变化的影响

为了解富硒处理对萌发绿豆营养成分的影响,本文以总抗坏血酸、还原糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、总膳食纤维这5种营养成分为指标,研究了富硒处理对萌发绿豆中这5种营养成分的含量及其变化的影响.研究结果表明,富硒处理显著抑制绿豆在萌发过程中的总抗坏血酸的合成,对绿豆萌发过程中还原糖的生成有一定程度的影响,但对绿立在萌芽过程中可溶性蛋白,游离氨基酸及总膳食纤维含量及其变化均无显著影响.     

富硒螺旋藻蛋白水解多肽的制备及其对ACE活性的抑制作用

从富硒螺旋藻(SeSP)中提取含硒总蛋白(SeSP-TP),建立蛋白酶水解制备含硒多肽(SeSP-PP)的最佳条件,体外检测SeSP-PP对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性的抑制作用,采用ICP法快速测定藻粉及总蛋白中的硒含量。结果发现,5种常见蛋白酶对SeSP-TP的水解度趋势为:胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶联合酶>碱性蛋白酶>木瓜蛋白酶>胰凝乳蛋白酶>胰蛋白酶>胃蛋白酶。利用胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶联合酶水解,可显著提高蛋白水解度,达到87.94%,且联合水解的多肽对ACE抑制效率最高(89.47%)。碱性蛋白酶水解得到的多肽对ACE的抑制率也较高。当荧光检测出的含硒多肽高于50μg/mL时,对NO的合成有明显的促进效应,而含硒蛋白效果不明显。水溶性和非水溶性组分中测定的硒含量之和占总硒的95.47%,可能在提取制备SeSP-TP过程中,部分含硒蛋白质和含硒小分子会在沉淀、复溶和透析等步骤中丢失。     

富硒双孢蘑菇硒形态分布及其营养品质和抗氧化特性

为了研究硒对双孢蘑菇子实体硒形态分布、营养品质和抗氧化酶活性的影响,通过在栽培实验中添加不同用量Na_2SeO_3的方式培养双孢蘑菇。采用原子荧光光谱法测定富硒双孢蘑菇子实体中的硒含量,分析硒在子实体中的分布情况,并以普通双孢蘑菇为对照,对富硒双孢蘑菇的主要营养成分及抗氧化酶活性进行测定。结果表明,双孢蘑菇子实体中的硒含量与培养料中硒用量呈正相关,蛋白硒含量占有机硒含量的比例约为77%~87%,蛋白质是双孢蘑菇的主要硒载体。硒用量为40 mg/kg时,可溶性蛋白和总糖含量较对照组显著增加;硒用量较高时,可溶性蛋白和总糖含量较对照组显著降低。随着硒用量的增加,总氨基酸含量和丙二醛含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶活性增强,而过氧化氢酶活性较低。本实验研究表明,适宜的硒用量可以提高双孢蘑菇子实体中硒含量,有助于改善其营养品质和生理特性。     

The influence of selenium on the antioxidant activity of green tea

This study was aimed at determining the effects of selenium on the contents of vitamin C, amino acid, total water‐soluble solids and tea polyphenol, and whether the antioxidant activity of selenium‐enriched green tea is enhanced compared with regular green tea by linoleic acid oxidation and the lard oxidation method. The contents of selenium, vitamin C and tea polyphenol in green teas were greatly increased by foliar application of selenium‐enriched fertilizer. No significant differences of the contents of vitamin C, amino acid and tea polyphenol were observed between green tea treated with sodium selenite and that without selenium. The selenium‐enriched green tea exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than regular green tea, both in linoleic acid oxidation and in the lard oxidation system. These results suggest that the antioxidant activity of green tea is significantly enhanced by the combination of selenium and green tea constituents compared with that of regular green tea. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Lipid,fatty acid,protein, amino acid and ash contents in four Brazilian red algae species

Four species of marine benthic algae (Laurencia filiformis, L. intricata, Gracilaria domingensis and G. birdiae) that belong to the phylum Rhodophyta were collected in Espírito Santo State, Brazil and investigated concerning their biochemical composition (fatty acid, total lipid, soluble proteins, amino acid and ash). The total content of lipid (% dry weight) ranged from 1.1% to 6.2%; fatty acid from 0.7% to 1.0%; soluble protein from 4.6% to 18.3%, amino acid from 6.7% to 11.3% and ash from 22.5% to 38.4%. Judging from their composition, the four species of algae appear to be potential sources of dietary proteins, amino acids, lipids and essential fatty acids for humans and animals.     

Selenium Content of Raw and Cooked Marine Species Consumed in Portugal

The present study evaluates the effects of different cooking methods (grilling, frying and boiling) on selenium contents of six marine species commonly consumed in Portugal. Forty-two composite samples of sardine, horse mackerel, gilthead seabream, silver scabbardfish, hake and octopus were digested in a microwave system and analysed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The described method is adequate for the analysis of selenium in marine species and meets the requirements of validation and quality control. Mean selenium contents in raw species ranged from 0.35 mg kg⁻¹ to 1.24 mg kg⁻¹. Cooked samples presented mean selenium contents from 0.38 mg kg⁻¹ to 1.85 mg kg⁻¹ in grilled fish, from 1.22 mg kg⁻¹ to 1.28 mg kg⁻¹ in fried fish and from 0.84 mg kg⁻¹ to 0.87 mg kg⁻¹ in boiled fish. No statistically significant differences were determined for selenium levels in raw and cooked samples and in different marine species. Estimated selenium intake agrees well with recommendations and is far below the Upper Tolerable Nutrient Level. This is the first study concerning the evaluation of the effects of cooking methods on selenium contents of marine species consumed in Portugal.     

10个产地莲藕营养成分分析与品质综合评价

为探究不同产地莲藕中主要营养成分与活性成分的含量特征,建立莲藕品质综合评价体系。对10个产地的12份莲藕样本中的粗蛋白、淀粉、脂肪、粗纤维、可溶性总糖、总黄酮、总多酚、维生素C、矿物质和氨基酸含量进行测定,结果显示,云南红河莲藕的淀粉（136.87 g/kg）、脂肪（7.26 g/kg）、总多酚（155.5 mg/kg）、总氨基酸（15.75 %）、铁（50.7 mg/kg）、锌（3.52 mg/kg）和钾（407 mg/100 g）含量最高,山东菏泽莲藕的可溶性总糖（71.35 mg/g）和粗纤维（69.84 g/kg）含量最高,江苏淮安莲藕的V_C含量最高（67.53 mg/100 g）,四川眉山莲藕的黄酮含量最高（117.92 mg/kg）,湖北荆州莲藕的粗蛋白含量最高（38.4 g/kg）,河南三门峡莲藕的磷含量最高（61.3 mg/100 g）,陕西富平1莲藕钙含量最高（323 mg/kg）,湖南湘潭莲藕的硒含量最高（9.5 μg/kg）。利用因子分析和系统聚类分析对莲藕营养成分和综合品质进行评价,因子分析表明可将评价莲藕品质的指标用2个因子表示,淀粉、钾、维生素C、硒、铁和锌含量可以用来衡量莲藕品质的优劣。综合评价显示云南红河莲藕的品质最优,陕西富平3、江苏淮安和湖北荆州莲藕的品质较差。     

Mineral composition of isolated fibre fractions from artichoke and the effect of phosphate buffer on its structure and mineral content

Soluble and insoluble dietary fibre of artichoke heart were extracted in water and phosphate buffer to determine their mineral contents and to evaluate the effect of the extraction medium on fibre structure (studied by scanning electron microscopy) and mineral composition (determined by X-ray microanalysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry). The undialysed soluble dietary fibre extracted with phosphate buffer showed a different structural organisation from that extracted with water. X-Ray microanalysis of both soluble fractions showed some differences between the Na, K, Ca and P contents, and also between the Na contents of the insoluble fractions. However, when the samples were dialysed, differences in morphology and structure between the soluble fractions were not observed. A study of the mineral composition by atomic absorption showed differences between both soluble fractions and both insoluble fractions as regards Na, Ca, Mg and Fe.     

Natural decoloration,composition and increase in dietary fibre content of an edible marine algae,Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta), grown under different nitrogen conditions

The colour, dietary fibre content and characteristics of the edible marine green algae, Ulva rigida, were investigated in relation with the nitrogen content of the algal culture medium. Colour brightness decreased and total nitrogen of the algae increased in nitrogen-enriched conditions. When nitrogen-enriched seaweeds were grown again in normal seawater for 10 days, colour brightness increased and total nitrogen concentration fell. Total dietary fibre content of the wild and nitrogen enriched algae were close (～38.0% DW) but increased markedly when the nitrogen-rich plants were cultured in normal sea-water (54.4% after 10 days). Soluble fibre were xylorhamnoglucuronan sulphate (ulvan) with close molar compositions for all the seaweed samples. Insoluble polysaccharides were composed of glucose, xylose, uronic acid, rhamnose and sulphate which molar proportions varied for the different algal samples. The soluble fibre intrinsic viscosity and the water holding capacity of insoluble fibre were not markedly affected by the growth conditions. This report demonstrates that edible seaweed aquaculture provides an alternative or a complement to post-harvest transformations of seaweeds to modify organoleptic and nutritional characteristics.     

玉米萌发过程中淀粉的变化

为了考察玉米萌发中淀粉的变化,研究了玉米萌发过程中,总糖、淀粉和可溶性糖以及具体低聚糖组分含量的变化,并且研究了萌发过程中淀粉分子量的分布情况。结果表明,总糖和淀粉含量降低,而可溶性糖含量上升。随着萌发的进行,低聚糖含量不断上升,玉米淀粉的低分子量糖含量增加。