高效复合微生物制剂强化活性污泥法在农化废水脱氮处理中的应用研究

本文主要研究了高效复合微生物制剂强化活性污泥法在农化废水脱氮处理中的应用研究,经实验小试验证,并在京博农化科技股份有限公司污水系统的中试试验研究,结果表明:在活性污泥中投加高效复合微生物制剂对废水氨氮去除率明显高于未投加菌种的系统。同时小试结果得到高效复合微生物制剂强化活性污泥的最佳实验条件为,一次投加量控制在1‰,效果较好。经过长时间现场污水系统进行中试试验运行分析,投加高效复合微生物制剂调试后系统中氨氮平均含量低于6 mg/L;并且在进水有较大波动的情况下仍可保持稳定低水平,说明高效复合微生物制剂的投加对于提高系统的氨氮降解能力效果显著。     

微生物制剂对垃圾渗滤液氨氮的降解研究

以生活垃圾卫生填埋场的垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,研究了添加复合微生物制剂以及单一菌群制剂对垃圾渗滤液氨氮的影响。结果表明,由于多种菌群协同作用而使添加复合微生物制剂的效果为最好,氨氮降解率可达81%;乳酸菌群、反硝化菌群、放线菌群对氨氮降解率分别为35.7%、60%、38%。     

聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠/水性聚氨酯复合载体制备及固定化硝化菌降解氨氮废水的研究

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、海藻酸钠（SA）、水性聚氨酯（WPU）作为基础材料,利用包埋法制备固定化微生物载体。考察了PVA、SA和WPU的用量对载体的机械强度,化学稳定性和传质性能的影响,进一步使用制备的载体对氨氮废水进行处理,考察载体物理化学性能对氨氮降解效果的影响。研究结果表明：加入一定量的PVA,SA和WPU均有助于提高载体的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,最优化原料组成为10%PVA、0.5%SA和10%WPU,在此条件制备的载体,有较强的机械性能,较好的化学稳定性以及传质性能;该载体在处理模拟氨氮废水（初始浓度100 mg/L）24 h后,氨氮去除率能达到94%,且在重复使用20 d后,氨氮去除率仍维持在90%左右,显示了该复合载体在工业氨氮废水处理领域巨大的应用前景。     

硝化微生物制剂在制革废水氨氮处理中的应用

为有效降低制革废水出水氨氮浓度,以某制革厂废水处理工程为研究对象,通过外加硝化微生物制剂实现硝化污泥的快速培养,并联合序批式活性污泥工艺（SBR）探究其对硝化污泥活性及制革废水氨氮去除性能的影响。结果表明,投加硝化微生物制剂的系统,经过19 d驯化培养,污泥可生化性能良好,实验组混合液悬浮固体浓度（MLSS）相比对照组提高610 mg/L,而污泥沉降比（SV）和污泥体积指数（SVI）分别多下降5%、3.4;污泥硝化强度及硝化速率分别为6.1 mg/（L·h）和2.84 mg/（g·h）;SBR反应器接种生理稳定的硝化污泥后,能够迅速降低废水中氨氮,连续进水72 h后去除率达89.6%,并且出水氨氮可稳定维持在废水排放标准以下。     

复合微生物制剂对芦苇人工湿地去除污染物的影响

研究了添加复合微生物制剂及酶制剂对芦苇人工湿地系统去除苏州河水污染物的影响,试验结果表明,复合微生物制剂和酶制剂的投加可以增加系统的微生物数量和酶活,提高污染物的去除率,其中氨氮去除率与硝化细菌数量之间存在明显的相关性;加菌剂组的相关性显著高于对照组,说明复合微生物制剂及酶制剂的投加强化了芦苇人工湿地氨氮的转化.     

净化水质的复合微生态制剂的研究

利用光合细菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、硝化（反硝化）细菌等3种单一菌种微生态制剂制备了一种高效复合微生态制剂,其对水质的净化效果明显优于各单一菌种微生态制剂,当光合细菌制剂、枯草芽孢杆菌制剂、硝化（反硝化）细菌制剂的配比为4：4：1时所制备的复合微生态制剂对水质的净化效果最好,氨氮降解率达到93．2％。     

载体对Al_2O_3微滤膜的影响

采用浸浆法在α氧化铝载体上制备氧化铝微滤膜,研究了载体的润湿性能、表面的粗糙度、孔的大小及载体与膜的匹配等情况对微滤膜完整性的影响。结果表明,当载体表面光滑、润湿性能良好和载体的孔径大小与悬浮粒子大小和性能之间相匹配时,才能制得表面连续、完整的氧化铝微滤膜。     

麦饭石及其改性处理微污染水动态实验研究

针对微污染水氨氮浓度高、有机物难降解等问题,进行了麦饭石及其改性处理微污染水的动态实验研究,探讨了不同改性方法处理的麦饭石对微污染水浊度、氨氮和COD的去除效果。结果表明,经Na2SO4改性的麦饭石对微污染水的处理效果较好,浊度、氨氮和COD的平均去除率分别为96.57%、67.25%、74.79%,出水浊度、氨氮和p H均可达到饮用水标准,出水COD可达到集中式生活饮用水的Ⅱ类标准。     

乳糖酶交联酶聚体口服制剂的研究

乳糖酶具有良好的抗胰酶水解性能,适于作为口服制剂治疗乳糖不耐受症,但其抗胃酸能力较差,以海藻酸(ALG)为载体,并附尤特奇膜,制备乳糖酶交联酶聚体(CLEAs)口服制剂,其最佳制备条件为:以质量分数3%ALG与CLEAs混合液在质量分数3%CaCl2溶液中凝胶30 min得到凝胶微球,并覆3层质量分数3%尤特奇包衣,经胃肠液降解释放后活力保留可达43.29%,并且在肠液中1 h后释放出最大酶活。     

PDMS基上转换材料的制备与光催化应用

将光敏剂四苯基卟啉钯（PdTPP）和湮灭剂9,10-二苯基蒽（DPA）溶解于甲苯，在Tween 20的乳化作用下与去离子水配制成O/W上转换微乳液；进一步与二甲基硅氧烷共混，将O/W上转换微乳液体系负载于固化后的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）中，制得基于三线态-三线态湮灭（TTA）机制的PDMS固态上转换树脂材料。在半导体激光器（532 nm，70 mW/cm2）激发下，固态上转换材料可发射强的绿转蓝上转换荧光，固态上转换效率最大可达22%。将该材料应用于光电流响应和光催化降解过程中：三电极体系在PDMS固态上转换树脂上转换荧光的照射下，获得了0.9 μA的光电流，证明了光电流的产生源于上转换蓝光对ZnCdS薄膜的照射；Pt/WO3粉末存在和固态上转换蓝光照射的条件下，罗丹明B染料降解作用显著，最大光降解效率达到82.3%。     

预处理方式对小麦秸秆制备高吸水性树脂的影响

以小麦秸秆为原料合成高吸水性树脂需首先对秸秆进行预处理,通过实验分析,比较了预处理方式如酸处理、碱浸泡、氨水浸泡、碱蒸煮及其联合处理对秸秆及高吸水性树脂的影响;用晶相显微镜、IR等表征了处理前后秸秆的微观形貌、化学结构及树脂的化学结构等;结果表明,比较理想的预处理方式是碱蒸煮处理〔w(NaOH)=14%的水溶液、150℃、0.6 MPa、30 m in〕结合浓度为1 mol/L的硝酸在100℃下处理30 m in,及w(NH3.H2O)=10%的氨水室温浸泡48 h结合浓度为1 mol/L的硝酸在100℃下处理45 m in;两种方式所得高吸水性树脂吸收纯水的质量倍率分别为405 g/g和293 g/g,吸收w(复混肥)=0.1%的水溶液的质量倍率分别为124 g/g和82g/g〔复混肥中w(N)=w(P)=w(K)=10%,N、P、K分别以尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾存在〕。     

甲醇中用氨和环氧丙烷合成异丙醇胺

研究了在甲醇介质中用氨和环氧丙烷制备异丙醇胺的新工艺。考察了原料配比、反应温度、体系中的水含量对反应的影响。     

铁基无硫无铬型CO高温变换催化剂制备条件研究

以铁和硝酸为主要原料制得铁基无硫无铬型CO高变催化剂,采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和BET比表面积测试对催化剂进行了表征。从助剂和工艺水平两个方面选取了比较有代表性的因素进行正交实验,通过极差和方差分析找出各个因素对催化剂活性影响的程度,从而得到较优的催化剂制备条件:铁液质量浓度235 g·L－1,氨水中w(NH3)为8%,热煮时间1 h,w(CoO)为6%。     

氨水配制系统改造实践

介绍了威顿(中国)达州化工有限责任公司氨法尾气脱硫系统中氨水配制过程的改进情况。分析了现有氨水槽配制氨水存在的问题,利用管道混合器、冷却器和调节阀等,将氨水配制由人工操作改为自动控制,既提高了工作效率,降低了劳动强度,又提高了氨水配制的安全性。     

A simple method to measure lipase activity in wheat and wheat bran as an estimation of storage quality

The purpose of this research was to develop a simple method for measuring lipase activity as an indicator of wheat and wheat bran storage quality. This simplified method does not require the separation or purification of lipase. Optimal conditions for lipase activity measurements were determined by varying the substrate (olive oil) and water concentrations, temperature, and incubation time. Following incubation, FFA were quantified spectrophtometrically using a copper soap assay, and lipase activity was expressed as units/gram (U/g), where 1 U was defined as the microequivalents of oleic acid liberated per hour. The method was tested on one commercial and four pure wheat cultivars. The lipase activity was also correlated with the development of FFA during actual storage of heat-treated commercial bran. Lipase activity in wheat bran ranged from 2.17 to 9.42 U/g, and in whole kernel wheat from 1.05 to 3.54 U/g. Optimal olive oil and water concentrations were 0.4 to 0.8 mL and 0.15 to 0.20 mL per g of defatted sample, respectively. Optimal incubation temperature was 40°C, and incubation times of up to 8 h were linear. Lipase activity was highly correlated with the buildup of FFA in stored wheat bran (R ²=0.97).     

Effect of the milling of wheat bran on its properties and reactivity during biocatalytic conversion

The possibility of using wheat bran as a feedstock for sugar production via biocatalytic conversion is demonstrated. The relatively low reactivity of this feedstock can be doubled or quadrupled by dry milling on an AGO-2S planetary mill activator. The maximum yield of reducing sugars, 68.6 g/L (initial substrate concentration, 100 g/L; glucose is the major component of the resulting sugars, 93–95%), is achieved when wheat bran milled for 7–10 min is subjected to bicatalytic conversion using the complex enzyme preparation (EP) of Penicillium verruculosum gaBG with cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and amylolytic activity at a gaBG dose of 60 mg/g (supplemented with F10 β-glucosidase EP, 40 units/g). Polysaccharides comprise 62.4% of the dry weight of the wheat bran; allowing for the water incorporated during enzymatic hydrolysis, the achieved yield is close to the theoretical figure (68.6 g/L) and there is virtually complete conversion of the wheat bran carbohydrates. Lengthening the duration of milling to 7–10 min considerably reduces the size of bran particles, lowers (by 28%) their ability to bind water, nearly doubles the content of water-soluble sugar, and increases (by 12.6%) the total content of soluble components, relative to the initial material.     

Optimization of the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Wheat Germ Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

A process of aqueous enzymatic extraction of wheat germ was carried out by a multi-enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase, pentosanase, neutrase and fungal amylase (CPNF, 2:1:2:1 w/w/w/w). Hydro-thermal heating (at 112 °C for 60 min) was more effective than oven-drying regarding emulsified oil yield. Wheat germ was ground with a rate of 10,000 rpm for 90 s. The adding level (w/w) of multi-enzyme preparation of CPNF was 1.6%. Response surface methodology was used to obtain the desired data in the process optimization. The optimal set of variables was water to wheat germ ratio (v/wt, mL/g) of 3.46, pH of 5.24, temperature of 48.49 °C and time of 6 h. The emulsified oil yield was 86.74% at the optimal levels of the tested factors. Compared with organic solvent extracted oil, the content of free fatty acid of AEE extracted oil was higher and the color was slightly darker, while the peroxide value was lower and the oxidative stability was higher owing to high content of α-tocopherol. This technique for recovering oil from fresh wheat germ with enzymes is a significant improvement in both oil yield and quality over the traditional organic solvent process.     

T型微通道装置制备尺寸均一壳聚糖微球

采用T型微通道装置制备尺寸均一的壳聚糖微球. 研究了乳化剂用量、油水两相流速比和流速等条件对乳液粒径的影响,尝试制备了不同分子量的壳聚糖乳液,并确定了交联固化方式. T型微通道装置的油相通道直径350 mm,水相通道直径65 mm,两通道接口处直径16 mm. 以1.5%(w)的壳聚糖醋酸水溶液为水相,以液体石蜡/石油醚(7/5, j)的混合物作为油相,水相流速20 mL/min,油水两相流速比为15:1,4%(w)的PO-500作为油相乳化剂,制备得到的壳聚糖乳液粒径分布系数<10%. 以戊二醛的甲苯溶液作为交联剂,当戊二醛所含醛基与壳聚糖所含氨基的摩尔比为1:1时,交联时间选择2 h.     

制备条件对纳米TiO2溶胶结构和性能的影响

以四氯化钛和氨水为原料,在低温下制备锐钛矿型纳米TiO2溶胶。通过XRD测试与对亚甲基兰和甲基橙的光催化降解实验,探讨了制备过程中酸的种类、酸的浓度、回流温度和回流时间对TiO2结构和光催化性能的影响。并得出具有高光催化活性纳米TiO2溶胶的最佳制备条件:硝酸浓度为0.08mol/L,回流温度为80℃,回流时间为2h。此条件下产物在太阳光照下对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的催化降解率大于95%。     

Enzymatic cross-linking of alkali extracted arabinoxylans: gel rheological and structural characteristics

Ferulated arabinoxylans were alkali-extracted from wheat bran at different incubation times (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 h). Wheat bran ferulated arabinoxylans (WBAX) arabinose-to-xylose ratio, ferulic acid content, intrinsic viscosity and viscosimetric molecular weight values decreased as the incubation time of extraction increased. WBAX enzymatic cross-linking capability was affected by incubation time while an increase in WBAX concentration from 5 to 6% (w/v) favored gelation. The WBAX gels formed presented a macroporous structure with mesh size ranging from 40 to 119 nm and hardness values varying from 1.7 to 5 N.