Isolated colonic tuberculosis

Two cases of colonic tuberculosis (TB) isolated in two elderly, not HIV seropositive women, presenting unspecific clinical manifestations (constitutional syndrome, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea) and stenosis of the colon in diagnostic imaging techniques are presented. In the second case, endoscopy showed stenosis of the colonic lumen and inflammatory mucosa, the biopsy of which demonstrated granulation tissue with no signs of specificity (in the first case, technical problems did not allow the colonoscopy to reach the affected site). In both cases, diagnosis was performed postoperatively by study of the surgical pieces. Biopsy showed granulomas with acid-alcohol resistant bacilli. Both patients responded favorably to tuberculostatic treatment.     

Laparoscopic colonic resection

We present our initial experience with laparoscopic colonic resection in 15 patients: adenocarcinoma of the colon, 10 cases, giant villous adenoma (2), arteriovenous malformation (2), and a case of benign stricture. Mean operating time was 190 minutes and there were no intraoperative complications. The margins of resection and number of resected lymph nodes in patients with malignancy were comparable to those in the conventionally operated. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.1 days. During a maximum follow-up of 15 months there were no wound or trocar-site recurrences. We conclude that laparoscopic colonic resection is technically feasible and safe. However, its use for treating malignant diseases of the colon needs further study.     

Postembolic colonic infarction

From a total of 23 cases from five hospitals, acute colonic mucosal necrosis developed in three patients following transcatheter embolotherapy for colonic hemorrhage. Although embolic therapy for lower gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with appreciable risk, these risks are less than those of emergency operation for hemorrhage. The alternative transcatheter therapeutic modality, vasopressin infusion, is often associated with continued or recurrent hemorrhage, is relatively contraindicated in patients with coronary disease, and produces numerous complications. Transcatheter embolotherapy is recommended for patients with colonic bleeding who have a contraindication to vasopressin administration, who are refractory to vasopressin, or who rebleed following treatment with vasopressin.     

Antegrade colonic enemas

Thirteen children aged 6-14 (mean 8) years in whom an antegrade colonic enema procedure was performed were reviewed retrospectively. All presented with refractory constipation or faecal soiling over a 3-year period. Nine of the children had previously undergone pull-through procedures for Hirschsprung's disease or high anorectal malformations. Two were suffering from spina bifida and two from idiopathic functional constipation. The operation was performed through a right iliac fossa incision. A catheterizable conduit was created. The appendix was brought out to the wound edge and made continent by intussuscepting the appendix base into the caecum. When the appendix was absent or unusable, a caecal tube was formed. Five patients suffered minor morbidity, six required a further operative procedure and two eventually required a sigmoid colostomy. However, the eventual outcome of a continent stoma was attained in 11 of the 13 children, all of whom would have been considered for sigmoid colostomy before introduction of the antegrade colonic enema procedure.     

Transverse distortion of continuous-cast slab

At OAO Ural’skaya Stal’, the profile of 270 × 1200 mm continuous-cast slab is often distorted: the narrow faces become convex and the broad faces become concave near the edge. The dependence of the distortion on the length of the system supporting the billet’s narrow faces is investigated. Statistically significant relationships are established between the distortion parameters. A mechanism is proposed for the distortion of the billet with the existing supporting system for the slab’s narrow faces under the mold. Measures for preventing slab distortion are considered.     

Biliary colonic ileus: an unusual cause of colonic obstruction]

PD 108635 (1) was identified as a potent dopamine D4 ligand and we wanted to replace the benzylic alcohol with a metabolically more stable moiety. Investigations led to the discovery of a series of isoindolinones having D4 affinity.     

Genetics of colonic cancer

Research in hereditary forms of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased almost logarithmically thanks in a major way to momentous discoveries in molecular genetics during the past decade. Between 10 and 20% of the total CRC burden is due to Mendelian-inherited CRC syndromes. The paradigm for hereditary CRC is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), wherein the APC germ-line mutation has been identified. This has contributed to the elucidation of genomic and clinical heterogeneity within the syndrome, wherein an attenuated form of FAP has been identified as a result of intragenic mutations within this large APC gene. The most common form of hereditary CRC is hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Several mutator genes, namely hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2 and, more recently, hMSH6/GTBP, have been identified. These molecular genetic discoveries are providing new insights into the pathogenesis of CRC. Individuals within these kindreds who are harbingers of these germ-line mutations will benefit from screening and, one day, chemoprevention.     

Specific acute colonic disorders

This article reviews a variety of specific colonic disorders that may have been an acute clinical presentation. Less common causes of colonic obstruction include volvulus, intussusception, and hernias. Nonobstructive colonic dilatation is most often due to pseudo-obstructions and toxic megacolon. Several miscellaneous disorders discussed include colonic perforation, complications of leukemia that may affect the colon, and pseudomembranous colitis. The pathogenesis and clinical aspects of these disorders are reviewed, but the radiologic features are emphasized.     

横向锻造成型工艺研究

根据用户咨询的30CrMnSiNi2A模块类锻件的性能要求具有方向性,设计了横向锻造成型工艺。通过检验,其力学性能结果完全能够满足技术条件要求。结果表明,通过横向锻造成型工艺,控制锻造时的金属流动,改变锻件的纤维组织方向。能够使锻件综合力学性能提高,满足设计要求。