紫外线吸收剂对涤纶的上染及其紫外吸收性能

为研究紫外线吸收剂对改善涤纶织物吸收紫外线性能的影响,将5只苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂经分散后用高温高压浸染法使其上染到涤纶织物上,以残液法测试紫外线吸收剂对涤纶的上染率,用紫外线透过率表征织物的紫外线吸收性能。结果表明：选用的紫外线吸收剂可以在130℃下保温40～60min上染涤纶织物,紫外线吸收剂结构、分子质量、上染温度和用量都会影响其对涤纶的上染率,分子质量适中、芳环较多、疏水性基团比例较高的紫外线吸收剂对涤纶的上染率较高;上染率较高的紫外线吸收剂能更明显地改善涤纶织物的紫外线吸收性能,上染率不够高但分子中含有2个分子内氢键螯合环的紫外线吸收剂也能明显提高涤纶织物的紫外吸收能力。     

紫外线吸收剂对涤纶的上染及其紫外线吸收性能

为研究紫外线吸收剂对涤纶织物吸收紫外线性能的影响,将5只苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂经分散后用高温高压浸染法使其上染到涤纶织物上,以残液法测试紫外线吸收剂对涤纶的上染率,用紫外线透过率表征织物的紫外线吸收性能.结果表明:选用的紫外线吸收剂可以在130℃下保温40～60 ming上染涤纶织物,紫外线吸收剂结构、分子质量、上染温度和用量都会影响其对涤纶的上染率,分子质量适中、芳环较多、疏水性基团比例较高的紫外线吸收剂对涤纶的上染率较高;上染率较高的紫外线吸收剂能更明显地改善涤纶织物的紫外线吸收性能,上染率不高但分子中含有2个分子内氢键螫合环的紫外线吸收剂也能明显提高涤纶织物的紫外线吸收能力.     

新型紫外线吸收剂的合成及应用

通过重氮化、偶合和氧化成环反应合成了苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂A,再经酰胺化反应合成了3只不同结构的紫外线吸收剂B、C、D,利用核磁共振谱和熔点测定等手段确证了其结构.采用DMF为溶剂,测量了4只紫外线吸收剂的最大吸收波长;分析了紫外线吸收剂质量浓度与吸光度的关系.将4只紫外线吸收剂经分散后用高温高压浸染法对涤纶织物进行抗紫外线整理,通过测量涤纶织物的UPF值及紫外线透过率,研究了其抗紫外线效果.结果表明:4只紫外线吸收剂均具有优异的抗紫外线性能.     

邻羟基苯基均三嗪改善染色涤纶耐光色牢度

为改善染色涤纶织物的耐光色牢度,制备了具有紫外线吸收剂性能的邻羟基苯基均三嗪结构的化合物2-(2′,4′-二羟基苯基)-4,6-二(2′,4′-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-均三嗪。采用高温高压染色方法将此紫外线吸收剂上染到涤纶织物上,测试其对涤纶的上染性能和改善涤纶织物耐光色牢度的作用。结果表明:自制紫外线吸收剂在高温高压条件下对涤纶纤维具有较高的上染能力,无论单独还是与分散染料同浴上染,都能显著提高织物的紫外线防护性能;该紫外线吸收剂单独上染的涤纶织物光致泛黄程度降低,与分散染料同浴上染能一定程度地改善染色涤纶织物的耐光色牢度。     

改善涤纶织物UV-A光致变色的研究

为改善涤纶织物光致变色和紫外防护性能,对经染色及紫外线吸收剂处理的涤纶织物用UV-A段紫外光照射,测试并分析了其颜色参数的变化和照射前后织物的紫外线防护因子(UPF)的变化.结果显示,UV-A段紫外线照射会明显改变染色织物的表观颜色,还会降低其UPF;对未染色涤纶织物的紫外线防护能力并无明显影响.采用紫外线吸收剂与染料同浴染色涤纶织物,能明显降低织物因受UV-A照射而引起的表观颜色变化和紫外线防护能力的下降.     

涤纶织物的一浴法低温染色和抗紫外线整理

采用分散金黄E-TD、红3B和蓝2BLN,以及紫外线吸收剂HLF对涤纶织物进行一浴法低温染色和抗紫外线整理。探讨了分散染料和苯甲醇质量分数,以及染色温度和时间对涤纶织物抗紫外线和染色效果的影响。优化的涤纶织物低温染色和抗紫外线一浴工艺为:染料1%(omf),紫外线吸收剂HLF 5%(omf),扩散剂NNO 2 g/L,染浴p H值5,苯甲醇30 m L/L,100℃保温处理60 min。处理后涤纶织物的染色牢度可达到4级以上,抗紫外线性能和耐洗性较好。     

双母体叠合型紫外线吸收剂的合成及其应用

针对现有商品紫外线吸收剂吸收强度弱和吸收范围窄的问题，将苯并三唑和均三嗪这两种在不同紫外线波段有较强吸收的光稳定片段引入同一分子中，合成一种具有较高摩尔消光系数和较宽紫外线吸收波段的双母体叠合型紫外线吸收剂UV—D1。     

涤纶织物的分散染料染色抗紫外同浴加工

采用紫外吸收剂PES、P12、P55与分散蓝2BLN对涤纶织物进行染色和抗紫外线同浴整理。讨论了3种整理剂对整理后涤纶织物上染率、UPF值、K/S值及耐水洗色牢度的影响。结果表明,紫外线吸收剂与染料有竞染作用,会影响织物的表观深度,当染料质量分数为0.5%,紫外线吸收剂质量分数为3%时,织物的整理效果最好,P12对织物的耐水洗色牢度有明显的提升作用。     

紫外线吸收剂上染涤纶的动力学和热力学研究

为揭示紫外线吸收剂上染涤纶纤维的规律,选取3只苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂UV-A1、UV-A2和UV-A3,采用高温高压法使之上染涤纶织物,用DMF萃取法测定上染量,并推算出紫外线吸收剂对涤纶纤维上染的动力学和热力学参数。通过比较3只紫外线吸收剂的各项动力学和热力学参数发现：分子结构较简单、分子体积较小的UV-A1与另外2只紫外线吸收剂相比,上染速率较高、扩散系数较大、半染时间较短,平衡吸附量也明显高于UV-A2和UV-A3,说明UV-A1更容易上染并扩散进入涤纶纤维;UV-A1对涤纶有更大的上染亲和力,其上染过程的热变和熵变也比UV-A2和UV-A3更大,说明UV-A1脱离水相向纤维相转移的趋势更大。     

涤纶高效光稳定剂的制备及其耐晒性能的研究

根据亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)复配非离子型与阴离子型乳化剂,并乳化几种紫外线吸收剂和受阻胺自由基捕获剂,研究其对涤纶织物进行整理后的织物抗紫外线性能.试验结果表明,紫外线吸收剂UV-360与受阻胺自由基捕获剂UV-770复配,可制备高效光稳定剂,其与分散染料同浴上染涤纶织物,可显著改善涤纶织物的抗紫外性能和耐晒性能.     

板栗壳色素化学性质及结构的初步研究

以板栗壳为材料,首先优化了板栗壳色素的纯化方法,在此基础上研究了纯化色素的化学性质、紫外-可见光谱及红外光谱。硅胶柱层析表明,优化的色素纯化方法简便有效。紫外-可见光谱分析表明:(1)色素甲醇溶液在紫外光区有两个明显的吸收峰,分别在218nm和264nm附近;(2)pH3.0、4.0条件下,紫外光区在218nm和264nm附近有明显的吸收峰,可见光区在480nm附近有小的吸收峰;(3)pH5.0、6.0条件下,紫外光区在218nm和272nm附近有明显的吸收峰,可见光区在510nm附近有小的吸收峰,中性及碱性条件下的光谱也具有相同特点。红外光谱分析表明,色素的主要吸收波数为3400、3145、3043、1715、1630、1400、1036和620cm-1。结合色素的化学性质鉴定,初步推断板栗壳色素含有苯环及酚羟基,而不具有典型黄酮类色素的结构。     

光稳定剂结构与棉上分散红TR-16耐光牢度的关系

 为探索光稳定剂结构与棉上分散红TR-16耐光牢度之间的关系,选用4类共12支光稳定剂对上染分散TR-16的棉织物进行处理,并通过光照比较它们的耐光效果. 测定光稳定剂和分散红TR-16的紫外吸收谱图,以及染色棉织物上光稳定剂在光照前后的紫外透过率。结果表明有较好效果的光稳定剂具有以下特点:最大紫外吸收能囊括分散红TR-16的紫外吸收波段;能与纤维形成平行的平面,较好覆盖染料分子;与染料分子可形成较牢固的分子间力,可提高紫外吸收剂的分布稳定性。     

Deposition of uranium precipitates in dolomitic gravel fill

Uranium-containing precipitates have been observed in a dolomitic gravel fill near the Department of Energy (DOE) S-3 Ponds former waste disposal site as a result of exposure to acidic (pH 3.4) groundwater contaminated with U (33 mg L(-1)), Al3+ (900 mg L(-1)), and NO3- (14 000 mg L(-1)). The U containing precipitates fluoresce a bright green under ultraviolet (UV) short-wave light which identify U-rich coatings on the gravel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microprobe analysis show U concentration ranges from 1.6-19.8% (average of 7%) within the coatings with higher concentrations at the interface of the dolomite fragments. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) indicate that the U is hexavalent and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) shows that the uranyl is coordinated by carbonate. The exact nature of the uranyl carbonates are difficult to determine, but some are best described by a split K(+)-like shell similar to grimselite [K4Na(UO2)(CO3)3 x H2O] and other regions are better described by a single Ca(2+)-like shell similar to liebigite [Ca2(UO2)(CO3)3 x 11(H2O)] or andersonite [Na2CaUO2(CO3)3 x 6H2O]. The U precipitates are found in the form of white to light yellow cracked-formations as coatings on the dolomite gravel and as detached individual precipitates, and are associated with amorphous basalumnite [Al4(SO4)(OH)10 x 4H2O].     

云南鲷鱼骨胶原蛋白的制备及其理化性质

以云南鲷鱼骨为原料,采用低温酸法提取制备鱼骨中的酸溶性胶原蛋白（acid-soluble collagen,ASC）, 并对ASC的氨基酸组成、亚基组成、红外吸收、紫外吸收、热稳定性、X射线衍射、微观结构、多肽片段以及溶解 性进行了全面的分析。氨基酸组成表明ASC主要含甘氨酸、脯氨酸和丙氨酸,而酪氨酸、蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸含量 较低;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果显示ASC为Ⅰ型胶原蛋白;ASC在230 nm波长处有最大紫外吸收 峰;傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射图谱表明ASC分子排列紧凑,保持了其原有的三螺旋结构;差示扫描量热分 析结果显示ASC的变性温度分别为86.5 ℃和226.2 ℃,有较好的热稳定性;扫描电子显微镜显示ASC分子分布均匀、 表面光滑呈三维立体结构;多肽片段分析结果显示鱼骨胶原的氨基酸构成主要为Gly-X-Y,符合胶原蛋白的一级结构 的特点;在pH值小于4的条件下,ASC溶解度较高,当NaCl质量分数大于4%时,ASC溶解度剧烈下降。     

质谱法测定4种真菌毒素与载体蛋白偶联物的结合比

采用基质辅助激光解吸-电离飞行时间质谱法(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOFMS)对由3种真菌毒素伏马菌素B1(FB1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)与两种载体蛋白卵清白蛋白(OVA)、血清白蛋白(BSA)分别偶联制备得到的4种小分子-载体蛋白偶联物FB1-OVA、FB1-BSA、OTA-BSA、DON-OVA的偶联结合比进行测定,并与紫外吸收光谱法进行比较。基质辅助激光解吸-电离飞行时间质谱法测得偶联物FB1-OVA、FB1-BSA、OTA-BSA、DON-OVA的结合比分别为5:1、11:1、3:1、0;紫外吸收光谱法测得OTA-BSA的结合比为4.4:1,DON-OVA的结合比为3.4:1,无法测定FB1-OVA、FB1-BSA结合比。     

UV absorption property of bamboo

This article describes ultra violet (UV) light shielding behaviour of Australian grown bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Optical reflectance showed that untreated bamboo plant has UV absorption properties. To reveal the origin of the UV absorption property, its chemical components were extracted using several polar and non-polar solvents. The extracts in most of the polar and non-polar solvents showed UV absorption property. Protic polar solvents showed better ability to extract UV absorbing chemicals than aprotic and non-polar solvents, except hexane. The chemical components of bamboo were analysed by FT-IR spectroscopy and the findings were correlated with the UV absorbance characteristics. The results confirmed that the UV absorption ability of bamboo originates from nothing but lignin. It is thus indicated that the conventional methods to manufacture bamboo fibres, such as complete degumming or viscose methods, that involve the removal of lignin, cannot retain the unique UV absorption property of bamboo plant in bamboo fibres.     

丁香酚半抗原及人工抗原的合成与鉴定

目的 合成丁香酚半抗原及人工抗原并对其结构进行鉴定。方法 采用氯乙酸对丁香酚进行结构改造, 以获得含羧基的丁香酚半抗原。将经重结晶纯化后的半抗原与牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin, BSA)经碳化二亚胺(carbide dimethylamine, EDC)偶联制备人工抗原。采用电喷雾串联三重四极杆质谱法对丁香酚半抗原的结构进行鉴定。采用紫外光谱及基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-flight time mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)对偶联物的结构进行鉴定。结果 紫外光谱结果表明, 与载体蛋白相比, 偶联物的特征吸收峰强度有一定的增强; MALDI-TOF MS结果表明, 表明丁香酚半抗原与BSA的偶联比为12.5:1。结论 本研究成功建立了丁香酚半抗原及人工抗原的制备方法, 为丁香酚抗体的制备提供了前期研究基础。     

High-pressure microfluidisation-induced changes in the antigenicity and conformation of allergen Ara h 2 purified from Chinese peanut

BACKGROUND: Peanut allergy is one of the most serious food allergies, and Ara h 2 is one of the most important peanut allergens as it is recognised by serum immunoglobulin E from more than 90% of peanut‐allergic individuals. Dynamic high‐pressure microfluidisation has been widely used in food processing as a new technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high‐pressure microfluidisation on the antigenicity and structure of Ara h 2. Extracted peanut allergen Ara h 2 was treated under a continuous pressure array of 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 MPa. Immunoreactivity was measured by indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Secondary structure was analysed by circular dichroism. Surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl groups were assessed via fluorescence and UV absorption spectra respectively. RESULTS: High‐pressure microfluidisation treatment decreased the antigenicity of peanut allergen Ara h 2, changed its secondary structure and increased its UV absorption intensity and surface hydrophobicity. CONCLUSION: The change in conformation contributed to the decrease in antigenicity of Ara h 2, and the spatial conformation of peanut allergen Ara h 2 plays a critical role in its antigenicity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry