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Dalenda Jeddi Habib Sidhom Dominique Ghiglione Henri-Paul Lieurade 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2005,14(1):37-49
The role of retained austenite in the fatigue strength of carburized 14NiCr11 steel was studied by considering two gas-carburizing
treatments leading to two maximum retained austenite fractions of 20 and 40%. These states led to endurance limit improvements
evaluated at 40 and 10%, respectively, compared with the untreated state. These improvements were explained by the evolution
of retained austenite during the cyclic loading using the dispersive x-ray diffraction technique. This reveals that the best
fatigue strength is attributed to the homogeneous transformation of the retained austenite fraction in the treated layer during
the cyclic loading. 相似文献
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三种渗碳钢中残余奥氏体在冲击磨损中的行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
渗碳钢中合金元素对渗碳过程中材料表面吸碳能力有很大影响,含有较多非碳化物形成元素Si、Mn的22Si2MnCrNi2Mo渗碳层的碳含量最低,只有0.65%;含有较多碳化物形成元素的35CrMoV渗碳层碳含量最高,可达1.05%。三种渗碳钢冲击磨损试验结果表明:冲击磨损速率随着渗碳表层碳含量的增加先降低后增加,在碳含量0.82%时冲击磨损速率出现低谷。冲击磨损过程中残余奥氏体由于应变诱发马氏体相变需消耗外加能量可降低磨损速率,得出磨损速率与相变能之间呈指数关系。 相似文献
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以贝氏体钢为研究对象,设计了4种热处理工艺,研究了不同热处理工艺下试验钢的显微组织及疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明,热轧态试验钢的微观组织以粒状贝氏体为主,其上分布有少量的板条贝氏体、马氏体和粗大块状M/A岛,残留奥氏体的体积分数为16.2%,但稳定性较差,裂纹能够直接穿过粗大的块状M/A岛继续扩展,疲劳裂纹扩展速率最快。经900 ℃奥氏体化+空冷后,显微组织以板条贝氏体和马氏体为主,M/A岛仍为粗大的块状,残留奥氏体含量减少至12.3%,疲劳裂纹扩展速率略有降低。经900 ℃奥氏体化+380 ℃盐浴等温30 min +空冷后,显微组织以细密、有序的板条贝氏体为主,残留奥氏体含量减少至10.2%,以薄膜状伴生在板条贝氏体间,板条状贝氏体及板条间的残留奥氏体薄膜会使裂纹端钝化、分叉、偏折,阻碍裂纹扩展的能力增强;经350 ℃回火240 min后,显微组织以马氏体和板条贝氏体为主,残留奥氏体含量比热轧态略微降低,为14.9%;而经450 ℃回火240 min后,显微组织以板条状贝氏体为主,其上分布有少量的马氏体,残留奥氏体体积分数减少至8.6%,也以薄膜状伴生在贝氏体板条间,同时有大量的碳化物析出,裂纹扩展速率最慢。 相似文献
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基于CALPHAD方法建立了Q&P钢的配分扩散模型,并建立了一套特定成分在特定QP工艺下的组织转变计算任务流,通过计算QP钢一次淬火过程的马氏体/残留奥氏体含量和配分过程中残留奥氏体的碳富集量,并结合Thermo-Calc软件内置的基于吉布斯自由能的马氏体相变本构模型,预测稳定保留至室温的残留奥氏体含量。利用该模型计算文献钢种(Fe-0.2C-1.28Mn-0.37Si-0.0018B, wt%)的室温残留奥氏体含量,结果显示计算马氏体转变温度比试验数据高60 ℃,计算室温残留奥氏体含量为4.41%,与试验数据基本吻合,从而验证了该计算模型的半定量性。利用该模型进一步计算分析了碳、锰元素含量和热处理制度对AQT980和AQT1180钢一次残留奥氏体含量的影响规律,计算结果显示碳、锰元素含量的增加可使钢中相变点(A3、Ms、Mf)温度下降;在固定淬火温度下,钢中的碳含量和锰含量增加可使一次残留奥氏体含量大幅增加;当碳、锰元素含量一定时,一次淬火温度的上升会使一次残奥含量大幅增加。 相似文献
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针对超级贝氏体钢中残留奥氏体组织对钢的强韧性贡献,设计了试验用钢60Mn2SiCr。通过对样品完全奥氏体化后不同温度和时间的等温处理,并通过SEM、TEM和MAUD软件分析了在超级贝氏体组织中残留奥氏体的存在、分布及数量。结果表明,残留奥氏体以薄膜状分布在贝氏体铁素体条束之间或针片内部;随等温温度的变化,其数量存在极值现象,在钢的Ms点稍上温度等温处理,可以获得残留奥氏体体积分数极大值为17.64%。此时,钢的强度为1930 MPa,伸长率7.44%,断面收缩率15.66%,具有良好的强韧性配合。 相似文献
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Case carburizing steels, such as SAE8620, are generally employed in manufacture of automotive components viz. gears and shafts. These components are often subjected to a combination of wear and fatigue loads. Though a number of coatings are available that can enhance performance under such loadings, but high processing temperatures forbid their application to heat-treated components. On the other hand, the low processing temperature for the WC/C coating permits its application to heat-treated parts. The coating exhibits favourable tribological properties, but its influence on fatigue behaviour is yet unexplored. The present work is aimed at investigating the influence of WC/C coating on the fatigue behaviour of case carburized SAE8620 steel, wherein performance of uncoated and coated specimens is compared by subjecting them to four point rotating bending fatigue tests. The results point out that the coating leads to 7% gain in endurance limit without considerably affecting the hardness and tensile strength. 相似文献
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采用X射线衍射对RE/V/Ti复合变质处理后高硅铸钢等温淬火组织中残留奥氏体量及残留奥氏体含碳量进行了测定.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和光学显微镜(OM)对高硅铸钢等温淬火热处理后的显微组织以及残留奥氏体分布形态进行了研究.结果表明,等温温度低于385 ℃时,复合变质处理高硅铸钢中残留奥氏体量及残留奥氏体平均含碳量均低于未变质高硅铸钢;385 ℃等温处理时,两者的残留奥氏体量及残留奥氏体平均含碳量基本相同.等温淬火高硅铸钢显微组织中残留奥氏体呈两种分布形态:薄膜状及块状.在相同的等温温度下,复合变质处理使残留奥氏体薄膜厚度以及贝氏体铁素体板条厚度、长度均大幅度减小,块状残留奥氏体的量大为减少,有利于高硅铸钢综合力学性能的提高. 相似文献
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研究了经离子研磨对TRIP780钢中残留奥氏体含量与稳定性的影响。首先利用电解抛光技术对TRIP780钢进行样品制备以去除样品表面的应力层,然后利用离子研磨仪对所得样品进行离子研磨,再借助场发射扫描电镜对TRIP780钢中的残留奥氏体进行形貌观察与分析,利用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)对离子研磨前后的TRIP钢中残留奥氏体含量进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,与电解抛光相比,离子研磨技术同样可以很好的去除样品表面应力层,但是对于TRIP780钢,经过离子研磨后样品中残留奥氏体的含量大幅度减少,从原来的10.1%骤降至0.02%。从残留奥氏体的菊池花样可以看出,经离子研磨后的残留奥氏体菊池花样明显变差,甚至模糊不清。经离子研磨后的TRIP780钢中残留奥氏体含量明显下降,同时其相结构确实发生了转变,由原来的面心立方结构转变为体心立方结构(即fcc→bcc),由此表明残留奥氏体在受到离子轰击后极其不稳定,易发生相变,这一点在残留奥氏体的准原位试验中得到了进一步的验证。同时离子研磨诱发了晶格的畸变,导致菊池花样清晰度明显下降,花样分辨率降低。 相似文献
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采用电子背散射衍射分析(EBSD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)等方法研究了冷轧对G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢微观组织演变规律和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:冷轧能够细化原材料晶粒;当冷轧变形量由0%增加到30%时,经二次淬火后,表层碳化物面积分数由4.38%增加到5.99%,碳化物平均粒径由0.15 μm降低到0.13 μm;经二次低温回火后,表层约0.9 mm渗碳层深范围内碳含量梯度和显微硬度梯度得到提高,平均摩擦因数由0%的0.489降低到30%变形量下的0.346,磨损率由27.2×10-6 mm3·N-1·m-1降低到9.1×10-6 mm3·N-1·m-1。表明材料经30%冷轧变形后,由于表层碳化物的面积分数和硬度得到提高,磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损逐渐减轻,使耐磨性得到提高。 相似文献
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900~1100 ℃淬火后,研究了250~600 ℃回火对高钒高速钢残留奥氏体转变及碳化钒析出的影响。结果表明,高钒高速钢的回火温度存在临界值(约450 ℃)。当回火温度低于临界值时,残留奥氏体含量变化不明显。当回火超过临界值后,随回火温度提高,残留奥氏体含量迅速降低。回火过程中碳化钒自残留奥氏体中析出是残留奥氏体转变的前提条件。碳化钒的析出取决于非平衡热力学条件,而其析出量在回火温度超过450 ℃后可根据平衡热力学估算。碳化钒的析出使得残留奥氏体向马氏体转变的相变驱动力大于临界相变驱动力,为残留奥氏体转变提供可能,但残留奥氏体的转变量主要取决于动力学因素。回火温度提高引起马氏体形核率呈指数提高,导致残留奥氏体含量迅速降低。 相似文献
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设计了新型低碳、5%锰、含铝TRIP钢,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及室温拉伸性能测试研究了不同热处理工艺对试验钢残留奥氏体和力学性能的影响,并借助Therma-Calc热力学软件对试验钢进行了平衡热力学计算.结果表明:1%Al元素的添加,使得试验钢平衡相图中的两相区温度范围扩大并向高温区移动.试验钢在660℃等温5 min后,可以获得15.1%的残留奥氏体,对应的抗拉强度803 MPa,伸长率可以达到24%,即试验钢经过一步简单的短时间两相区退火处理后可以获得数量较多的残留奥氏体和比较理想的力学性能.另外通过在640℃、660℃两个温度进行不同时间的等温退火处理发现,随着两相区等温时间的延长,残留奥氏体的量逐渐增多,最高可以达到20.5%;等温时间越长屈服强度越低,试验钢的加工硬化性能越好.最高强度-塑性匹配出现在640℃等温1h后,抗拉强度720 MPa,伸长率可以达到30%. 相似文献
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试验了固溶冷却速率对C250钢奥氏体含量影响。试验结果表明,C250钢没有热稳定化现象,固溶后甚至缓慢冷却,也不会产生残留奥氏体。但固溶后缓慢冷却,再经时效强化处理,C250钢中将产生逆转变奥氏体,固溶冷却越缓慢,时效后的逆转变奥氏体量越多。C250钢固溶后空冷+485℃时效处理状态的没有奥氏体。 相似文献
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B. K. Jha V. Sagar Dwivedi N. S. Mishra 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2002,11(1):103-106
A theoretical model has been developed for predicting the flow behavior of dual-phase steels containing retained austenite.
A good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental values is obtained by optimizing the value of load-transfer
factor and by using an additional term considered to account for the geometrically required dislocations around the hard particles. 相似文献
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Carbon (0.07%) steel samples containing about 0.04% Nb singly and in combination with nitrogen were carburized in a natural Titas gas atmosphere at a temperature of 1223 K (950 °C) and a pressure of about 0.10 MPa for 1/2 to 4 h, followed by slow cooling in the furnace. Their microstructures were studied by optical microscopy. The austenite grain size of the case and the case depths were determined on baseline samples of low-carbon steels and also on niobium and (Nb + N) microalloyed steel samples. It was found that, when compared to the baseline steel, niobium alone or in combination with nitrogen decreased the thickness of cementite network near the surface of the carburized case of the steels. However, niobium in combination with nitrogen was more effective than niobium in reducing the thickness of cementite network. Niobium with or without nitrogen inhibited the formation of Widmanstätten cementite plates at grain boundaries and within the grains near the surface in the hypereutectoid zone of the case. It was also revealed that, when compared to the baseline steel, niobium decreased the case depth of the carburized steels, but that niobium with nitrogen is more effective than niobium alone in reducing the case depth. Niobium as niobium carbide (NbC) and niobium in the presence of nitrogen as niobium carbonitride, [Nb(C,N)] particles refined the austenite grain size of the carburized case, but Nb(C,N) was more effective than NbC in inhibiting austenite grain growth. 相似文献