基于CdTe／CdS量子点与金纳米粒子的荧光共振能量转移测定三聚氰胺

量子点具有良好的光学性能和高的光致发光量子产率,已广泛应用于生物分析。该文利用金纳米粒子（AuNPs）与CdTe／CdS量子点相互作用,发生荧光共振能量转移（FRET）而猝灭Cdrre／CdS量子点的荧光．加入三聚氰胺后使量子点的荧光恢复这一现象,建立了一种基于CdTe／CdS量子点与AuNPs的FRET测定三聚氰胺的高灵敏方法。     

水溶性量子点CdSe／ZnS与蛋白质非特异性相互作用研究

研究了巯基乙酸修饰的水溶性量子点CdSe/ZnS与不同蛋白质的非特异性相互作用.发现牛血清白蛋白,卵清蛋白,血红蛋白和免疫球蛋白G均能增强巯基乙酸修饰的水溶性量子点CdSe/ZnS的荧光,而细胞色素C却使量子点的荧光猝灭;探讨了量子点与蛋白质作用导致荧光强度变化的原因.这些结果表明,在使用巯基乙酸修饰的水溶性CdSe/ZnS量子点作为生物探针时,必须要考虑不同蛋白质与量子点的非特异性相互作用.     

碳纳米复合材料在电化学生物传感器中的研究进展

碳纳米材料以其优异的导电特性和机械性能及极佳的生物相容性在构建电化学生物传感器中备受关注,为电化学生物传感器的开发和研究开辟了一片广阔天地。将碳纳米材料与其它纳米材料复合,是一种拓展和增强其应用的有效方法。碳纳米材料在电化学生物传感器方面的应用主要是作为传感器界面的修饰材料、生物分子的固载基质以及信号标记物等。该文综述了碳纳米复合材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用,包括碳纳米管纳米复合物、石墨烯纳米复合物、富勒烯及碳量子点纳米复合物。并展望了未来基于碳纳米材料的电化学生物传感器的研究方向。     

半导体物理学的发展现状及应用探析

作为探究凝聚态物理学关键性研究分支的半导体物理学,给当今的微电子制作技术奠定了强有力的客观基础。现如今科技水平节节攀升,有力的推进了半导体物理学的调研水准,带动其利用率也到达历史新高。文章概括陈列了晶体管、半导体超晶格和纳米量子三种元件的演变历程,规划了半导体纳米材料的前景轨道,并以之做铺垫解读了它演变的特征。     

基于退火效应硒化铅融合量子点制备及探测器性能研究

硒化铅纳米结构材料因其多激子产生效应、快速光敏吸收和近红外发射而被广泛应用于太阳能电池和光电探测器，并成为探测器领域的研究热点。在制备硒化铅量子点的基础上，通过退火工艺得到了一种新型的纳米材料融合量子点。所需的最佳退火温度可以有效减少缺陷，提高融合量子点的活性。为了体现融合量子点与其他材料相比的优势，采用旋涂法制备薄膜并用于光电导器件的研制。退火温度从室温提高到470℃,通过透射电子显微镜观察了不同温度下硒化铅量子点的融合现象，并研究了量子点退火对光电导器件性能的影响。量子点之间的平均距离随着退火温度的升高而减小，这增强了量子点之间的相互融合。实验数据表明，硒化铅活性层的最佳退火温度为310℃,开关比K和响应度R在310℃时达到最大值，响应度增加3倍以上。这是因为硒化铅活性层中载流子的迁移率增强。并成功制备了光电导探测器Au/PbSe融合量子点/Au(100 nm),为后续制备新的量子点器件奠定了基础。     

基于纳米材料的电化学生物传感器研究进展

该文主要从纳米尺寸材料电极的构建以及纳米材料作为生物分子指示剂两部分展开讨论,描述了依赖于阵列纳米管排列的生物分子与电极间的直接电子传递,纳米管、纳米颗粒为基质的纳米电极的构建,以及以金纳米颗粒、DNA量子点和蛋白为基础的多路分析技术与负载于CNT的新的纳米生物标记,特别讨论了纳米电化学方法在检测DNA和免疫传感器领域取得的研究进展.     

PBA传感器的响应机制及其在 药物分析领域应用的研究

介绍采用直角三杯法测定表观猝灭常数,并结合光谱扫描,近似判断基于荧光猝灭原理的PBA膜和光纤化学传感器的响应机制,是由动态猝灭、静态猝灭、内过滤和能量共振转移四个因素中的前两项或多因素复合作用的结果.报导了用PBA传感器测定中国药典收藏的秋水仙碱等12种药物的结果,显示基于荧光猝灭原理的光纤化学传感器在医药卫生等领域有广泛的应用前景.     

量子点生物传感器及其在生物医学分析检测中的应用

综述了基于新型半导体纳米材料—量子点(QDs)的各种生物传感器如荧光生物传感器、微流控芯片生物传感器、光纤生物传感器、适配体生物传感器、分子马达生物传感器等的原理、特点,并对其在生物医学分析检测中的应用与其发展的局限性与发展前景进行了综述.     

一种用于测定氧浓度的 荧光传感器的开发及研究

基于化学发光及氧及对荧光的猝灭作用，开发了一种荧光氧传感器。考虑到气体猝灭（氧）在高分子半透膜内同时存在吸附与溶解作用，一个新的荧光猝灭动力学模型建立起来了，该方程能够很好地说明荧光猝灭的机理，并能够非常准确地拟合实验数据。     

单壁碳纳米管的猝灭效应用于银离子的检测

基于单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)良好的猝灭性能,发展了利用单链DNA(ssDNA)和单壁碳纳米管的荧光探针用于对Ag+进行检测的方法。其中富含C碱基的FAM标记的单链DNA(ssDNA)与单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)发生π*π间的相互作用后,其荧光被猝灭。当有Ag+加入时,ssDNA会由于C-Ag+-C作用形成发夹结构,刚性增强从而脱离碳纳米管使荧光信号较好的恢复,据此可检测Ag+。该方法简便,避免了ssDNA一端标记荧光基团另一端标记猝灭基团的较为昂贵的标记费,对Ag+的检测下限为0.6nmol/L,可应用于实际水样中的检测。     

Luminescent quantum dot-bioconjugates in immunoassays, FRET, biosensing, and imaging applications

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs), such as CdSe-ZnS core-shell, are highly luminescent and stable inorganic fluorophores that represent a promising alternative to organic dyes for a variety of biotechnological applications. They show size-tunable narrow photoluminescence spectra spanning nearly the full visible region of the optical spectrum for QDs with CdSe cores. We have developed several approaches to conjugate either one type or a combination of biologically distinct proteins to CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs rendered water-soluble by surface ligation with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) groups. QD-protein conjugates prepared using these approaches were found to exhibit high specificity and stability in immunoassays and in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays as well as in prototype QD bioconjugate sensors. Tunable QD emission over a wide range of wavelengths permitted effective tuning of the degree of energy overlap between the QD donor and an acceptor dye, allowing control over the rate of FRET. Additionally, we have used these QD-bioconjugates in live cell labeling. These hybrid bioinorganic conjugates represent a promising tool for use in many biotechnological applications.     

Chaos in Semiconductor Microstructures

Some main experimental and theoretical aspects of chaos in semiconductor microstructures are reviewed in these lecture notes. The lecture, which is meant for non-specialists, evolves from a general introduction to basic concepts of semiconductor microstructures, through a presentation of various studies of chaos in these structures, to a more thorough discussion of the specific topic of how to probe quantum chaos with deformable semiconductor quantum dots. Only broad outlines and simplified arguments are used to explain the central ideas.     

Monochromatic LEDs based on perovskite quantum dots: Opportunities and challenges

Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as one of the most promising candidates for the monochromatic light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) approaching the Rec. 2020 color gamut due to their extremely narrow emission bandwidth. Another important aspect are the high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) values that can be obtained either in solution or thin films making these materials as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications such as LEDs or solar cells. Considerable research efforts in chemistry, chemical engineering, solid‐state physics, and material sciences have been made in the past years. The new opportunity in the field of semiconductor quantum dots is still in the beginning phase and is expected to remain active in the following years. Here, in this invited commentary, we briefly discuss and summarize the opportunities and challenges in both fundamental and technological aspects, based on our work and the recent work in this field.     

Quantum Communication and Information Processing with Quantum Dots

This paper reviews the single photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots and their applications to quantum information systems. By optically pumping a system consisting of a semiconductor single quantum dot confined in a monolithic microcavity, it is possible to produce a single photon pulse stream at the Fourier transform limit with a negligible jitter. This single photon source is not only useful for BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD), but also find applications in other quantum information systems such as Ekert91/BBM92 QKD and quantum teleportation gate linear optical quantum computers.     

ZnSe and ZnS light emitting diodes

As successful p-n junctions have not been made from ZnSe or ZnS, other techniques have been used to excite electroluminescence in single crystal devices of these very efficient phosphor materials. Light is emitted when ms or mis devices are operated in reverse bias, or mis devices in forward bias. In reverse bias, electrons tunnel from the metal into the semiconductor, where they are accelerated in the depletion region until they excite luminescence by impact in suitable centres. The most efficient devices contain manganese as the activator, and the emission is yellow-orange in colour. In the forward-biased devices, holes are injected into the n-type semiconductor by excitation over the hole barrier. Radiative electron-hole recombination via a luminescent centre produces the emission. With ZnSe diodes, the self-activated emission can be excited to produce yellow or orange-red emission. With very pure ZnSe, free excition recombination is obtained and a blue emission results. With ZnS, attempts are being made to excite the blue self-activated emission in an effort to produce an efficient blue-emitting diode. The physics and technology of the two types of device are discussed.     

Controlled-NOT gate sequences for mixed spin qubit architectures in a noisy environment

Explicit controlled-NOT gate sequences between two qubits of different types are presented in view of applications for large-scale quantum computation. Here, the building blocks for such composite systems are qubits based on the electrostatically confined electronic spin in semiconductor quantum dots. For each system the effective Hamiltonian models expressed by only exchange interactions between pair of electrons are exploited in two different geometrical configurations. A numerical genetic algorithm that takes into account the realistic physical parameters involved is adopted. Gate operations are addressed by modulating the tunneling barriers and the energy offsets between different couple of quantum dots. Gate infidelities are calculated considering limitations due to unideal control of gate sequence pulses, hyperfine interaction and charge noise.     

NiFe2O4纳米材料的气敏性能研究

以FeSO4·7H2O和NiCl2*6H2O为原料,通过新型化学共沉淀法制备了纳米尺寸的NiFe2O4粉体,利用XRD、TEM等手段研究了其结构特性.NiFe2O4是一种新型的P型半导体气敏材料.以NiFe2O4纳米粉体为原料制备了烧结型旁热式气敏元件,该元件对甲苯具有较高的灵敏度和好的选择性,并对气敏机理给予了解释.     

Use of neural network algorithms for elaboration of fluorescent biosensors on the base of nanoparticles

In this paper, the results of application of artificial neural networks for extraction of fluorescence contribution of nanoparticles used in biomedicine as biomarkers and drug carriers against the fluorescence background of inherent fluorophores of biological objects are presented. Principle possibility of solving this problem is shown. The used architectures of ANN allow detecting fluorescence of carbon dots against the background of proper fluorescence of egg protein with reasonably high accuracy-not worse than 0.002 mg/mL.