采油污水回注预处理实验研究

延长油田子长采油厂采油污水水质复杂,含油量和固体悬浮物含量变化幅度大,腐蚀结垢性强。采用絮凝沉降和缓蚀阻垢技术对采油污水进行回注预处理实验研究,实验结果表明:通过调节pH值和PAC、PAM加量对采油污水进行絮凝沉降加过滤处理,可以将采油污水中含油量和固体悬浮物含量分别降至3 mg/L和5 mg/L以下,HSZG-3缓蚀阻垢剂加量为30 mg/L时,腐蚀速率远小于0.076 mm/a,结垢量降至10 mg/L以下,满足注水处理要求。     

旅大10-1油田含聚污水与清水配伍性研究

旅大10—1油田注水采用将水源清水和聚合物驱生产污水混合回注,不合格的注入水会引起注水系统的腐蚀与结垢,造成注水井注水量快速递减,注水不见效,注采严重失衡。以储层保护和防止损害为目的,按照行业标准（SY／T0600—1997）预测清水与污水混合有不同程度结垢趋势;不同比例清污混合水悬浮物含量测试表明：混合污水中悬浮物含量明显增大,清污体积比为1：1时配伍性最差;X-射线衍射对滤膜上悬浮物分析表明有碳酸钙特征峰;环境扫描电镜对滤膜上悬浮物微观形貌进行观察,单一清水中悬浮物排列不规则、呈团块状产出,有长度达50μm的结晶颗粒;清污体积比为1：1时悬浮物呈颗粒状均匀分布,粒径为0．5μm～1．0μm。综合研究表明,残余聚合物能够抑制碳酸钙垢和混合污水中大晶体的形成,高钙镁离子则加剧含聚污水中残余聚合物的絮凝。     

延长油田冯坪集输站采油污水回注处理工艺研究

为了保证冯坪集输站采油污水达标回注,针对其原处理流程处理后水含油量、悬浮物、硫化物、细菌含量高,腐蚀、结垢严重的特点,采用化学氧化/絮凝沉降处理工艺,通过对p H值、除硫剂、絮凝剂、助凝剂进行优选,确定适合该站污水回注达标的工艺参数。实验结果表明:当p H值为7.5、除硫剂加量15 mg/L、PAC加量80 mg/L、PAM(1 200万)加量1.0 mg/L,先加PAC后加PAM,加药间隔20 s~30 s时,处理后水悬浮物含量0.5 mg/L,含油量0.54 mg/L,平均腐蚀速率、结垢量、细菌含量分别为0.036 mm/a、2.6 mg/L、10个/毫升,达到油田回注水水质标准。     

压裂返排液的无害化处理技术研究

针对压裂返排液的高黏度、高悬浮物含量、高含油量等特点,本文提出了"氧化破胶-絮凝脱稳-改性纤维球过滤"综合处理工艺对压裂返排液进行处理。经综合处理后,SS去除率高达99.4%,油含量去除率高达92.3%,黏度下降了86.6%。同时研发了一套撬装式压裂返排液处理装置,现场应用效果良好,各项指标均能达到油田回注水标准,处理后的返排液可作为油田回注水水源之一,实现了其无害化处理利用。     

金属膜过滤装置在油田污水处理中应用

冀东油田高尚堡联合站原有的两级污水过滤处理工艺已经无法保证回注水中悬浮物质量浓度与粒径中值2项指标稳定达标。分析含油污水的水质特征和回注水处理的工艺现状,选择在原有处理装置基础上增设了金刚砂与金属膜组合3级精细过滤分离工艺,并对其现场适应性和过滤效果进行跟踪检测。监测数据表明:经新工艺处理后的回注水平均悬浮物质量浓度1.39mg/L,平均粒径中值0.79μm,达到SY5329—1994中A2级标准,且处理水量可以较好满足高尚堡地区回注所需水量。该工艺适用于油田回注污水的深度处理。     

高含盐废水回注稀油井区的可性行研究

新疆风城超稠油油田锅炉给水采用离子交换树脂法来进行软化,在离子交换树脂再生过程中产生高含盐废水,高含盐废水的排放处理将造成高额的处理费用,同时造成环境污染。在水资源有限的情况下,将高含盐水回注稀油井区,能弥补稀油井区注水水源不足的问题,减少废水排放量。针对高含盐废水回注乌33稀油井区的效果进行研究,结果表明:高含盐废水经过"重力沉降+过滤"处理后水质满足注水指标,自身稳定性好,防膨率达到94%,但其与地层水配伍性较差,并对储层损害较大。通过投加浓度为100 mg/L防垢剂进行调节后,高含盐水与地层水的混合水阻垢率达到93.4%,悬浮物浓度可控制在5 mg/L以下,此时高含盐水对储层损害降为弱,储层渗透率略有增加,利于疏通注入水通道,降低注压,提高采收率。     

高温稠油污水处理实验与应用

新疆油田公司百口泉采油厂稠油污水处理站处理的采出含油污水,具有含油量高、乳化程度高、悬浮物含量高、温度高等特点,提高了稠油污水处理难度。研制开发了净水剂WT-01,利用含油污水处理的除油、除悬浮物方法,筛选出了对路的混凝沉降药剂和其它水质指标控制药剂,使处理后污水水质达到油田注水水质标准回注地层。通过现场投产运行,与地层水配伍良好,对地层基本无伤害。     

油田污水水质含油控制指标监测方法研究

注水是油田开发中重要的稳油增产措施之一,而油田污水经处理后回注地层,不仅节省了清水资源,还合理利用了石油开采过程中产生的废水。为了油田的可持续开发,污水回注的质量显的尤为重要,在污水处理工艺中,必须要准确掌握处理水的各项指标,尤其对水中的悬浮物、油等多项指标进行严格控制,防止其对地层产生伤害。本文通过对分光光度法测定污水含油量的影响因素进行分析,提高了污水含油量测定的准确度,为现场推广应用奠定了基础。     

磁分离技术处理注水干线冲洗水及洗井水

磁分离处理装置所应用的技术为载体絮凝磁分离,该技术利用载体絮凝和磁分离的技术原理,在磁种加载和外加磁场的作用下,达到高效絮凝和吸附分离的目的。磁分离处理技术具有较强的适应性,当来液含油量、悬浮固体含量分别高达2 200、950 mg/L时,处理后含油量、悬浮固体含量均控制在20和50 mg/L以下,可以达到集输、污水系统接收要求。进一步增设沉降工艺后,可以达到油田普通污水水质回注指标要求。     

延长油田污水处理工艺升级改造研究

通过对延长油田2014—2017年污水处理工艺调研发现,水质指标是影响油田高含水开发阶段污水处理工艺的关键因素。经污水处理站处理后的水质中悬浮物含量、腐蚀速率、SRB菌含量、铁细菌及硫化氢含量均超出B2水质指标,若油田将此类未达标水回注,一方面引起油田注入与油藏开发效果不佳,徒增开发成本;另一方面还将引发注水站及注水管网与管柱的腐蚀,油田生产安全隐患系数增加。在室内分析此污水处理站进站水质特点,筛选改性药剂和净化药剂,将污水处理工艺现状与现场测试数据相结合,比较不同方案的经济效益,制定了"两级除油+化学混凝+逆流沉降+多层滤料过滤处理流程"的污水处理工艺升级改造方案。依托成熟和先进的新技术与新工艺,使得处理后污水水质符合SY/T 5329—2012规定的B2级水质指标,确保污水处理安全达标并满足原油生产的可持续性。     

The Mechanism of Removing the Organic Matter in Heavy Oil Sewage by the Electric Flocculation Method

Oily sewage is one of the wastes produced in the oil industry production process and its quantity has been increasing year by year, which influences the environment and human health severely. Electric flocculation method is one of the wide application electrochemical treatment technologies for the oily wastewater treatment at home and abroad, which has higher efficiency than other technologies at the aspect of the organic pollutants degradation. A simulative experiment device dealing with heavy oil sewage by the electric flocculation method has been designed. The mechanism of the electric flocculation method in removing organic matter of the heavy oil sewage by analyzing the change of the composition and content of the organic matter in water samples before and after the process of the electric flocculation has been studied. Research results show the carbon/tin dioxide electrode is better than the carbon/ruthenium dioxide electrode in removing organic matter; most alkanes matter in the oily wastewater have been removed in the dispersing oil form by the electric flocculation; as the current density increases, the types and quantity of the response organic matter can be improved while types of the new synthetic organics increase. At the same time, the authors provide a theory support in specific optimization of the electricity flocculation flotation in oily wastewater treatment technology and process.     

川西边远区块采气废水现场处理设备及工艺研究

针对川西边远区块采气废水处理难、采气废水污染指标高的问题,研制出了一套适用于现场的川西边远区块采气废水处理设备。该设备由11个单元构成,主要采用电凝聚气浮技术、斜管沉淀工艺、筛板塔吸收-O3/H2O2复合氧化工艺、过滤-臭氧复合处理工艺4种先进的工艺技术。通过现场对比试验,确定出该设备的最佳工作参数:电气浮电流3 500A左右、处理流量8m3/h、一级沉淀池出水pH值13左右、双氧水加量7g/min左右、臭氧加量96g/min左右。现场采气废水试验结果表明,川西边远区块采气废水现场处理设备在去除采气废水COD、石油类、悬浮物等方面具有较好的效果,其出水污染指标达到了GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级标准,从而为川西边远区块采气废水的现场达标处理提供了一套方便、实用的设备。     

Treatment of oilfield fracturing wastewater

An integrated process was developed for treating an oilfield fracturing wastewater. Under the optimum conditions, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids (SS), and oil were higher than 98%, and the quality of the final effluent could satisfy the national discharge standard of China. The oxidation process significantly reduced the viscosity and altered the chemical structures of organics in the wastewater. The coagulation process removed a considerable proportion of SS associated with particulate organic matter. The upflow anaerobic sludge bed and biological aerated filter processes played an important role in the post-polish treatment of the wastewater.     

深度处理工艺在炼油污水水质提标改造中的应用

炼油污水厂中的中水回用浓水和反渗透浓水的无机盐类含量高、硬度高、可生化性差.将中水回用浓水和反渗透浓水与污水处理场出水混合处理,采用调节罐+高密度沉淀池+臭氧催化氧化池+改良多级曝气生物滤池+微砂加炭高效沉淀池的工艺流程,处理后出水能够达到DB 61/224—2018《陕西省黄河流域污水综合排放标准》中的指标A标准.运...     

濮城油田预氧化污水处理工艺的优化与应用

预氧化油田污水处理技术在国内各大油田均有应用,其药剂体系发展比较成熟,只是污水处理工艺各有不同。濮城油田污水处理从源头收油工艺到药剂混合工艺、沉降工艺、过滤工艺、排污工艺及自动化工艺都得到进一步优化,使工艺与技术配合更加科学合理,处理后污水各项水质指标均有较大提高。改造后的预收油罐,除油效率可达95%以上,除悬浮物效率可达60%以上,预氧化剂加注点经过优化改造后,处理后污水中铁的质量浓度由改造前的0.8 mg/L下降至改造后的0.3 mg/L,悬浮物的质量浓度平稳控制在3 mg/L以下,腐蚀速率控制在0.076 mm/a以下,使水质稳定性同步提高。     

膜法处理炼化污水的研究

炼化污水是原油炼制、加工及油品水洗等过程中产生的一类废水,污染物的种类多、浓度高,对环境的危害大。本试验的目的是采用深度处理(膜法处理法)来处理公司各生产厂所排放的污水,作为回用锅炉补水和回用循环水。试验结果表明,废水通过本系统工艺的处理,COD、氨氮、石油类的去除率可达90%以上,而且后续的超滤装置能够有效地将悬浮物质量浓度降低到1mg/L以下,各项水质指标均能达到出水目标。     

Pretreatment of super viscous oil wastewater and its application in refinery

Wastewater from super viscous oil processing cannot be effectively treated by conventional wastewater treatment plants in refineries because of its high concentration of various organic pollutants. In order to resolve this problem, a number of investigations were conducted in our work to understand the physicochemical properties, sedimentation, demulsification and pretreatment of such super viscous oil refinery wastewater. The results showed that the key issues for pretreatment of this wastewater were： （1） Optimized process parameters were used in the sedimentation and demulsification processes for oil removal to effectively recover oil and remove scum from wastewater; （2） A suitable flocculation process was selected to minimize oil, suspended solids （SS） and chemical oxygen demand （CODcr）. A pretreatment process including three continuous steps： oil removal by sedimentation, oil removal by demulsification, and flotation separation, was proposed and applied in Liaohe Petrochemical Company, PetroChina and the oil content in effluents was less than 200 mg/L and CODcr less than 2,500 mg/L, which completely met the requirement for influent of the conventional wastewater treatment plant, and the recovered super viscous oil reached 5,873 tons in the initial year in Liaohe Petrochemical Company, PetroChina.     

酒东油田注入水对岩心渗透率的损害率实验

酒东油田注水井近井地带易堵塞,严重影响了该油田的采收率。为了研究酒东油田注水井堵塞原因,对其注入水主要水质指标进行了测试分析,并通过岩心驱替实验量化分析了注入水水质指标对岩心渗透率的损害程度。首先,采用单因素分析法开展了注入水矿化度、悬浮物含量、悬浮物粒径、含油量对岩心渗透率的损害率实验,然后根据单因素实验结果设计正交实验,通过正交实验研究了矿化度、悬浮物含量、悬浮物粒径、含油量协同作用对岩心渗透率的损害率,并对正交实验后的岩心进行扫描电镜分析,进一步明确了注入水对岩心的损害情况。由正交实验结果可知,悬浮物含量对岩心渗透率的损害程度最大,其次是悬浮物粒径和矿化度百分比,含油量对岩心渗透率的损害程度最小。当模拟注入水矿化度百分比90%、悬浮物含量8 mg/L、悬浮物粒径2 μm、含油量6 mg/L时,岩心的渗透率损害率最低。     

Treatment of contaminated wastewater

The environmental impacts of petroleum are often negative because they are toxic to almost all lifestyles, and there is a possibility of causing climate change. Oil pollution in the air and in the water can be toxic and dangerous to the human body. Preliminary researchers have thoroughly studied and discussed the methods of treatment of oily wastewater. Removing oily wastewater from the oil without damaging the environment is an important problem for the oil industry. The three-phase solid, water, and oil blends can be separated from each other when a continuous oil–water separator system is used. Oil contaminated wastewater is generally treated by gravity sedimentation, coagulation, flotation, coagulation composite flotation, demulsification, membrane separation, flocculation treatment, chemical precipitation, and biological treatment and filtration.     

难生物降解炼油污水的“催化氧化+曝气生物滤池”处理技术研究

为解决炼油企业高浓度污水经"隔油+气浮+生化"的传统工艺处理时外排水难以稳定达标的问题,针对该类污水难生物降解的特点,采用"催化氧化+曝气生物滤池"组合处理工艺进行了中试研究。结果表明,利用·OH强氧化反应处理的污水经曝气生物滤池生化处理后,出水中COD、氨氮浓度、油浓度、悬浮物浓度的平均值分别为51.2,5.3,2.3,27 mg/L,COD降低率为83.1%,氨氮、油和悬浮物的平均去除率分别为80.1%,73.4%,61.6%,主要水质指标均达到国家一级排放标准。该技术不需改建炼油厂现有污水处理系统,可实现工业化应用。