超临界CO_2萃取甘草素

介绍在超临界状态下，用ＣＯ＿２作萃取剂，用水－乙醇作夹带剂从甘草中萃取甘草素、异甘草素、甘草查耳酮Ａ及甘草查耳酮Ｂ的实验方法；研究了超临界ＣＯ＿２萃取过程中的最佳工艺条件。     

MODELING ANALYTICAL TESTS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION FROM SOLIDS WITH LANGMUIR KINETICS

A model for the analytical supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) tests from solid samples in which desorption of the solute from the surface of the solid is the rate determining step is presented. The desorption process is described by the Langmuir kinetics. The two stages of the test (static and dynamic) are modeled, where each of the two phases (solid and supercritical fluid) are considered well mixed. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved analytically for the static stage and numerically for the dynamic stage. Dimensionless curves of concentrations of the two phases and fractional recovery during the two stages of the tests are predicted. These curves are characterized by two dimensionless parameters for the static stage, the equilibrium constant and the fractional initial capacity, in addition to one parameter for the dynamic stage, the desorption coefficient. The model provides a good fit to experimental results for SFE from solids. The trends in the fitted parameters with respect to pressure and temperature are in agreement with theory.     

超临界CO2萃取蛋黄油及数学模拟

在萃取器为 1.2L的试验装置上 ,在温度为 45℃、压力为 32 .0MPa、原料粒度 (D)为 1.2mm的条件下 ,进行了超临界CO2 萃取蛋黄油的研究 .考察了CO2 的流量和原料粒度对萃取的影响 .建立了超临界CO2 萃取蛋黄油的数学模型 ,该模型能较好地反映实际萃取过程 .根据模拟结果得到外扩散传质系数和流体流速的 0 .5 48次方成正比     

超临界CO2萃取单宁酸的研究

研究了从五倍子原料中超临界CO2萃取单宁酸的方法,通过对影响萃取的各种因素的实验,得出了优选的超临界CO2萃取条件为萃取温度为44℃、压力为25 MPa、夹带剂为乙酸乙酯,萃取120 min效果最佳,得率为57.83%.经测定,萃取得到的单宁酸含量大于96%,本研究为制备高纯度单宁酸提供了一条新的途径.     

超临界CO2萃取单宁酸的研究

研究了从五倍子原料中超临界CO2萃取单宁酸的方法,通过对影响萃取的各种因素的实验,得出了优选的超临界CO2萃取条件为：萃取温度为44℃、压力为25 MPa、夹带剂为乙酸乙酯,萃取120 min效果最佳,得率为57.83%.经测定,萃取得到的单宁酸含量大于96%,本研究为制备高纯度单宁酸提供了一条新的途径.     

超亚临界流体CO_2萃取32号机油

使用Ｃｈｒａｓｔｉｌ模型对前文［１］报导的３２号机油在超、亚临界ＣＯ２中的溶解度数据进行了关联,给出了关联参数。在自行研制的间歇式萃取装置上,压力为７．４～１４．９ＭＰａ的范围内,使用超、亚临界ＣＯ２对３２号机油进行了萃取试验,并对试验结果进行了分析讨论     

超临界二氧化碳染色的现状研究

针对传统水染工艺不能从根本上解决印染行业水环境污染严重及资源消耗、浪费大的问题,介绍了一种全新的清洁生产技术——超临界CO2染色,重点论述了超临界流体和超临界CO2染色工艺的特点,对国内外超临界二氧化碳染色技术在合成纤维和天然纤维纺织品染色中的研究现状作了全面分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

VULCAN-SUPPORTED Pt ELECTROCATALYSTS FOR PEMFCs PREPARED USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE DEPOSITION

In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) deposition was used to prepare vulcan-supported Pt (Pt/Vulcan) electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and the effects of process variables on the properties of the electrocatalysts were investigated. The two different methods used to reduce the organometallic precursor were thermal reduction in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure and thermal reduction in scCO₂. In the former method, the maximum Pt loading achieved was 9%, and this was governed by the adsorption isotherm of the Pt precursor between the scCO₂ phase and the Vulcan phase. By using the latter method, higher Pt loadings of 15% and 35% could be achieved. The Pt/Vulcan catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The average particle sizes for Pt/Vulcan 9%, 15%, and 35% catalysts were 1.2, 1.3, and 2 nm, respectively. Electrochemical surface areas obtained from CV data were found to vary with the Pt loading.     

超临界二氧化碳的应用研究

超临界CO2 具有气体的低粘度、高扩散系数和液体的高密度 ,且化学惰性 ,无毒无腐蚀 ,临界状态容易实现 ,是一种性能优良的环境友好溶剂。本文在超临界CO2 作为萃取剂、化学反应介质、取代传统工艺助剂和溶剂及用于分析测试等方面综述了其应用研究。     

THE SOLUBILITY OF PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE

The solubilities of twenty-five paraffinic model compounds, octadecane (C₁₈H₃₈) through tetracosane (C₂₄H₅₀) and related monofunctional derivatives, were measured in supercritical carbon dioxide at 310 and 320 K. The derivatives included sulfides, amines, phosphines, ketones and other functional groups. Several of the solutes were liquids at the extraction temperatures and pressures, and both liquid and fluid phase binary composition data are reported in some cases. A systematic attempt was made to explore how the presence of a particular functional group on the solute molecule affected the solubility of the compound relative to the parent hydrocarbon of equivalent chain length.     

THE SOLUBILITY OF PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE

The solubilities of twenty-five paraffinic model compounds, octadecane (C₁₈H₃₈) through tetracosane (C₂₄H₅₀) and related monofunctional derivatives, were measured in supercritical carbon dioxide at 310 and 320 K. The derivatives included sulfides, amines, phosphines, ketones and other functional groups. Several of the solutes were liquids at the extraction temperatures and pressures, and both liquid and fluid phase binary composition data are reported in some cases. A systematic attempt was made to explore how the presence of a particular functional group on the solute molecule affected the solubility of the compound relative to the parent hydrocarbon of equivalent chain length.     

超临界二氧化碳中钯催化的有机化学反应

介绍了本研究小组近年来在超临界二氧化碳介质中钯催化有机化学反应的研究结果,主要反应类型包括钯催化的烯烃、炔烃和胺的羰基化反应,烯烃的氧化反应和炔烃的环三聚反应等.     

EXTRACTION OF TRANSITION METALS FROM WOOD PULP FIBERS USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE

The supercritical fluid extraction of manganese and iron from solid matrix (wood pulp) is demonstrated experimentally. Supercritical carbon diodixe is used together with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl) dithiocarbonate (FDDC) as the ion-pairing reagent. The metal content of the pulp samples was determined by inductively couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Optimum conditions were determined to be 30 min each of static and dynamic extraction with 200 atm pressure at 40 °C. Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) extracted under these parameters exhibits an 80% decrease in manganese content, and 91% after a second, sequential extraction. The simultaneous removal of iron was found to be only 6% and supports evidence that it is much more strongly bound to the TMP matrix than manganese.     

超临界二氧化碳染色的原理及研究进展

介绍了超临界二氧化碳染色具有染色时间短、匀染透染性好、染后不用还原清洗等优点,且整个染色过程中不会造成任何污染,解决了传统染色工艺使用大量的水造成浪费大,存在环境污染严重及资源消耗和有机溶剂染色的生态、成本、很难工业化应用的问题。同时介绍了超临界二氧化碳染色法的基本原理,对国内外超临界二氧化碳染色技术在合成纤维和天然纤维纺织品染色中的研究现状作了全面分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

陶瓷热压铸成型的超临界CO2流体脱蜡

利用超临界CO2流体萃取技术从陶瓷热压铸成型坯体中萃取有机粘合剂。对陶瓷热压铸成型中所使用的有机载体组分进行研究,对陶瓷热压铸成型超临界CO2流体脱蜡工艺条件进行了探索。研究了陶瓷坯体厚度、萃取压力,温度及时间对萃取率和陶瓷坯体脱蜡质量的影响。结果表明：由60％(质量分数,下同)非极性分子石蜡(熔点57℃)和40％极性分子蜂蜡(熔点58℃)组成的混合蜡作为热压铸浆料的有机载体,在压力为30MPa,温度为45℃的超临界CO2流体中脱脂可获得无缺陷的陶瓷热压铸成型生坯,脱蜡时间从34h减少到3h。由超临界CO2流体脱蜡后烧成的陶瓷试件具有小的变形及高的致密度。     

超临界流体萃取天然药物的研究现状及发展趋势

综述近年来迅速发展起来的超临界萃取技术在天然药物提取中的研究现状，并对其今后的发展方向和趋势进行分析和讨论     

超临界CO2辅助PTFE/PP挤出的研究

研究了超临界CO2辅助聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)/聚丙烯(PP)共混体系的挤出成型过程。结果表明,超临界CO2辅助挤出成型过程中,超临界CO2对PTFE/PP体系能起到一定的增韧作用,并且超临界CO2作为一种增塑剂,能降低PTFE/PP体系的粘度,改善体系的流动性和加工性。     

在超临界CO2中制备生物可降解PEC/OMMT纳米复合材料

将聚碳酸亚乙酯(PEC)与有机蒙脱土(OMMT)在超临界CO2(sc-CO2)中溶胀并混合,制备了生物可降解PEC/OMMT纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪及万能电子拉力机等对PEC/OM-MT纳米复合材料的性能进行表征和分析。结果表明,70℃下制备的PEC/OMMT复合材料为插层型纳米复合材料;该复合材料的热稳定性和玻璃化转变温度都得到较大改善;加入少量OMMT,复合材料的拉伸性能得到明显提高。与熔融插层法和溶液插层法相比,sc-CO2法既可以解决PEC在熔融插层中面临的热降解问题,也可以避免溶液插层中使用大量有机溶剂造成的污染问题,是制备PEC/OMMT纳米复合材料的一种新方法。     

有机物在超临界CO2中无限稀释扩散系数的分子动力学模拟

根据物质的实验临界常数或与物质最基本分子结构相关的Joback或Lydersen临界常数估算法得到物质的临界常数,结合Lennard-Jones流体的对比状态方程,按照对应态原理得到了38种有机物分子的新的Lennard-Jones位能参数。由这些位能参数结合简单的组合规则,首次对一些高附加值的复杂实用有机物在313.15　K、16MPa的超临界CO     

有机物在超临界CO_2中无限稀释扩散系数的分子动力学模拟

根据物质的实验临界常数或与物质最基本分子结构相关的Joback或Lydersen临界常数估算法得到物质的临界常数,结合Lennard-Joned流体的对比状态方程,按照对应态原理得到了38种有机物分子的新的Lennard-Jones位能参数.由这些位能参数结合简单的组合规则,首次对一些高附加值的复杂实用有机物在313.15 K、16 MPa的超临界CO_2中的无限稀释扩散系数采用分子动力学模拟的方法进行了研究.模拟结果表明,采用这种新思路可以有效地预测超临界体系的扩散性质,满足超临界萃取工艺开发和设计的需要.