氧化法处理含硫气田水

川南矿区有气水同产井60多口,日产水最多可达100～200m~3。到1985年回注率达31％,而大量气田水直接外排。气田水中含S~(-2)量为20mg/L以上占5.2％,4～20％mg/L占34.8％,而排放标准规定为S~(-2)<4mg/L。通过室验室试验证明,用KMnO_4,H_2O_2和CaCl(OCl)等三种强氧化剂来处理气田水的效率较好。现场试验表明,推荐的三种氧化剂的投加浓度为KMnO_4 30mg/L、H_2O_2 15mg/L、CaCL(OCl)300mg/L。处理成本每m~3分别为0.195、0.175、0.105元     

采用芬顿法对腈纶废水进行深度处理工艺

研究了采用芬顿氧化法对腈纶废水进行深度处理的最佳工艺线路。结果表明,芬顿氧化法对腈纶废水的氧化处理效果显著,反应的最佳工艺条件为:双氧水投加量1 000 mg/L、硫酸亚铁投加量1 300 mg/L、氧化反应时间为100 min、初始反应pH值为3。腈纶废水经该工艺处理后,出水CODcr可达到150 mg/L以下的排放标准。     

Fenton试剂处理制药厂废水研究

采用Fenton试剂对制药厂废水进行催化氧化处理,分别考察了溶液pH、催化剂FeSO_47H_2O用量、H_2O_2（30％）用量、反应时间、H_2O_2投加次数及TiO_2用量对制药厂废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液pH为2．5,H_2O_2（30％）用量为12mL,FeSO_47H_2O_2用量为0．6g,反应时间为2．5h,双氧水投加3次及TiO：用量0．10g时,制药厂废水COD。,的处理效果最佳。实验结果还表明,TiO_2-Fenton试剂复合体系对制药厂废水的处理效率并不优于Fenton试剂对制药厂废水处理效率。     

Fenton氧化对剩余污泥溶胞减量的影响

采用Fenton氧化进行污泥溶胞减量,以溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)和剩余污泥质量浓度(TSS)作为评价指标,考察了H2O2投加量、Fe2+投加量、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对剩余污泥有机物溶出及剩余污泥减量的影响.结果表明:Fenton氧化破解剩余污泥的最佳条件为pH值3,H2O2投加量50 mL/L,Fe2+投加量...     

内电解法处理含聚合物采油污水实验研究

采用常规方法处理油田含聚合物污水的效果较差,利用内电解法处理含聚合物采油污水实验研究结果表明,影响有机物含量去除率的主要因素是pH值、铁屑投加量及反应时间。污水的初始pH值愈低及铁屑投加量愈大,处理效果愈好;反应时间宜控制在30～90min。在内电解反应过程中,存在一定的氧化还原作用。现场试验结果表明,在pH值为3.0、铁屑投加量为100g/L、反应时间为60min的情况下,用重铬酸钾法测定的COD去除率达75%以上,石油类物质的去除率达95%以上。     

臭氧氧化降解水中苯酚的效能及动力学

在常温常压下对臭氧氧化降解水中苯酚的效能、反应动力学及其影响因素进行了详细研究。结果表明,在臭氧投加量为8.50 mg/min,苯酚初始质量浓度为100 mg/L,初始pH值为11和反应时间为40 min时,臭氧对苯酚的降解效果最好,苯酚从100 mg/L降至0.35 mg/L,降解率达到99.65%;且自来水本底比去离子水本底更有利于水中苯酚的臭氧氧化降解。在上述实验条件下,臭氧对苯酚的降解遵循表观拟一级反应动力学,其相关系数R²=0.9929,表观反应速率常数k_A=1.06×10^-3 s^-1。实验还发现,苯酚降解的表观反应速率常数随着臭氧投加量(4.25～8.50 mg/min)的增加而增大,在臭氧投加量为8.50 mg/min达到最大值1.06×10^-3 s^-1;随着苯酚初始质量浓度(100～250 mg/L)的增大,表观反应速率常数从1.06×10^-3 s^-1下降到0.39×10^-3 s^-1;随着溶液初始pH值(5～11)的升高,表观反应速率常数从0.22×10^-3 s^-1增加到1.06×10^-3 s^-1。在某种程度上证明了表观反应速率常数分别与臭氧投加量和溶液初始pH值成正相关性,与苯酚初始质量浓度成负相关性。     

次氯酸钠氧化去除气田水中COD研究

简要分析了四川气田水的水质状况,提出了电解气田水产生NaClO氧化其中的COD的思路。对温度、停留时间、pH值及NaClO浓度等对气田水中COD氧化的影响进行了实验,得出NaClO浓度是影响COD降解的主要因素。根据实验结果,对气田水中COD中有机物进行了初步分类,并对各类有机物消耗氧化剂的量进行了分析。     

榆林能化厂高盐含油废水的回用处理方法研究

含油废水来源广、危害大、成分复杂,由于技术和经济的原因,很难完全实现达标排放。采用化学氧化-混凝~SBR处理含油废水,研究了最佳的化学氧化处理条件,以及生物处理对曝气时间的影响。研究表明:化学氧化阶段选用H_2O_2氧化含盐含油废水处理COD及油含量分别为6365mg/L和60mg/L左右的含油废水时,在H_2O_2投加量为0.2%,沉淀时间为120min,PAC投加量为200mg/L,PAM投加量在3mg/L,SBR生物处理曝气时间为8h时,含盐含油废水的COD去除率高达94.91%,出水COD达到国家二级排放标准。     

天然气净化厂Cansolv尾气处理装置废水处理

目的 解决Cansolv尾气处理装置胺液净化单元(APU)废水高盐、高有机物与还原性硫的高浓水质特征影响水处理系统的稳定运行问题。方法 详细分析了两个天然气净化厂的文丘里和APU废水的水质特征,其中,APU废水成分复杂,是影响水处理系统稳定运行的关键。采用臭氧(O₃)、O₃耦合催化剂、臭氧/双氧水(O₃/H₂O₂) 3种氧化技术处理APU废水,通过废水中COD值和TOC值变化来评价有机物降解效果,研究了反渗透膜污堵原因和O₃/H₂O₂降解有机物机理。结果 O₃/H₂O₂氧化技术为去除废水中有机物的最优方法,当200 mL废水中O₃质量浓度为22 500 mg/L、H₂O₂投加量为2 mL、反应时间为60 min时,达到最佳处理效果,COD去除率为60.8%。结论 采用O_3<...     

EDTA-金属配合物催化氧化降解羟丙基瓜尔胶

选取Fe~(2+),Fe~(3+),Co~(2+),Ni~(2+),Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)6种金属盐与乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA(L))反应制备相应的配合物,评价了其配合物在高p H条件下催化H_2O_2氧化降解羟丙基瓜尔胶的效果。结果表明,该系列配合物均具有一定的催化效果,其中Fe(Ⅱ)L效果最好,在p H13.0范围内均具有较好的催化效果。在温度为45℃,体系pH为9,H_2O_2加量为羟丙基瓜尔胶质量的10.0%,Fe~(2+)和EDTA物质的量比为1∶1,催化剂Fe(Ⅱ)L加量为H_2O_2加量的2.0%,降解40 min后,该体系可将羟丙基瓜尔胶的相对黏度降至1.5,黏均相对分子质量从2×106降至3 199,COD值从22.5 g/L降至7.6 g/L;H_2O_2加量为25%时,4 h可将COD值降至104 mg/L。     

元坝气田蒸发母液深度处理技术研究与工艺设计

元坝气田污水处理厂蒸发母液为三效蒸发系统粗盐结晶后的残液,是复杂组分共存的高盐废水,处理难度极大。研究拟对蒸发母液进行深度处理,通过工艺比选和优化后,蒸发母液经过混凝沉降、CaCl₂除SO2-₄、UV+H₂O₂协同氧化除有机物的组合工艺处理后,出水水质为ρ(固体悬浮物)<50 mg/L,ρ(SO2-₄)为4 200 mg/L,TOC值为459.25 mg/L。出水水质达到厂区采出水处理工艺进水水质要求,可回到厂区水处理工艺及装置进行处理,能有效解决母液处理和积压的难题。该组合处理工艺流程短、简单易维护,在一定程度上实现了蒸发母液的近零排放。      

Treatment of drilling wastewater from a sulfonated mud system

Treatment of drilling wastewater from a sulfonated drilling mud system in the Shengli Oilfield, East China, was studied. The wastewater was deeply treated by a chemical coagulation-centrifugal separation-ozone catalytic oxidation combined process. The factors (i.e. pH value, chemical dosage, reaction time, etc.) influencing the treatment effect were investigated, and pH = 7 was determined as optimal for the coagulation; polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) was selected as the optimal coagulant with a dosage of 18 g/L; cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with molecular weight of 8 million was selected as the optimal coagulant aid with an optimum dosage of 8 mg/L; and the optimal condition of catalytic ozonation was found to be a pH of 12 and an oxidation time of 40 min. The results showed that the combined treatment process was effective. The oil content and suspended solids content of the effluent reached the first class discharge standard according to China’s standard GB 8978-1996 (Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased to 195 mg/L from 2.34×10 4 mg/L after coagulation process and ozone oxidation at pH = 12 for 40 min.     

Fe2+/UV催化臭氧法降解腈纶废水

 研究了Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧对腈纶废水的降解特性,分析了[Fe²⁺]/[O₃]质量浓度比、气相臭氧质量浓度和光强各因素对Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧降解性能的影响规律,讨论了Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧工艺光催化反应动力学特征,并利用红外光谱分析法表征了废水中有机物基团的变化。结果表明,当[Fe²⁺]/[O₃]质量浓度比为3.2~3.8、气相臭氧质量浓度为20～30mg/L和光量子流密度为8.62×10-12 Einstein时,催化效果较好。Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧工艺降解腈纶废水符合类一级动力学反应,初始COD值在320~400 mg/L范围内,一级反应速率常数为0.01518~0.01762 min-1。温度对动力学影响具有双重性,温度为25~30℃反应最快。经Fe²⁺/UV催化臭氧降解后,腈纶废水中有机基团被有效降解。     

延长油田长2储层采出水回注结垢研究

以延长油田长2储层采油厂的采出水为研究对象,采用Scalechem软件对采出水及其与地表水、地层水的配伍进行了结垢预测。结果表明,在地面管线中,ρ(BaSO_4垢)为176mg/L,ρ(CaCO_3垢)为540mg/L;在井筒水平段,ρ(BaSO_4垢)为168mg/L,ρ(CaCO_3垢)为526mg/L,不符合油田回注水要求。需进行絮凝复配工艺处理,ρ(PAC)为60mg/L,ρ(CPAM)为1.2mg/L,最佳加药间隔为30s,搅拌时间为5min,处理后采出水透光率为88.1%,配伍性较好。采用Scalechem软件进行结垢预测,BaSO_4结垢率降低超过75%,CaCO_3结垢率降低甚至达到99%,降低了采水负荷,符合油田回注水要求。     

Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oil with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Keggin-type Polyoxotungstate in a DC Magnetic Field

Abstract

The oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds was conducted in a DC magnetic field-assisted system, composed of model compound or diesel, 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide, and an iron mono-substituted Keggin-type heteropolytungstate [(C₄H₉)₄N]₄ [PW₁₁Fe(H₂O)O₃₉] catalyst. By combining oxidative desulfurization (ODS) in a magnetic field and acetonitrile extraction, when magnetic field intensity was at 17.3 mT, the removal efficiency of the model compound dibenzothiophene (DBT) in petroleum ether with 1,000 ppm S can reach 98% at 70°C within 30 min with O/S ratio = 3 and catalyst dosage 5%, with 2% increase over that without magnetic field assistance. Under the same reaction conditions, the sulfur level of diesel oil was reduced from 5,647 to 508 ppm. This shows that the DC magnetic field facilitates the oxidation of sulfur-bearing compounds, which allowed greater sulfur removal efficiency under milder reaction conditions.     

Effect of ozonation combined with heterogeneous catalysts and ultraviolet radiation on recycling of gas-station wastewater

Ozonation is extensively applied in the treatment of drinking water and wastewater due to the powerful oxidation potential of ozone. Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) of wastewater proceeds through hydroxyl radicals as the oxidation species. The effect of ozonation alone and combined with catalysts in the presence and absence of UV-radiation was investigated to reuse the biologically pretreated gas-station wastewater instead of fresh water. Two types of catalysts: titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and activated carbon (AC) were studied. The concentration of catalyst, dark adsorption, reaction time and the improvement of biodegradability were studied. The combination of catalysts and ozonation reveals a significant improvement in the removal of contaminants present in wastewater by using the ozonation, adsorption or photocatalysis systems. Maximum dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of 91% was achieved by the combination of ozone, TiO₂ and the UV-radiation system. But, an increase in biodegradability from 0.12 to 0.33 was realised with ozone and the TiO₂ system. Furthermore, the biodegradability was increased with increasing catalyst concentration combined with ozone up to 1 g/L with TiO₂ and 0.5 g/L with AC.     

Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oil: Modeling Based on Artificial Neural Network

Abstract

Oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil was investigated using a process consisting of oxidation and distillation steps. In the oxidation step, various organic carboxylic acid/H₂ O₂ systems, especially acetic acid/H₂ O₂, were used as oxidant. They oxidize both easy and refractory sulfur compounds and convert them into oxidized sulfur compounds. The oxidized sulfur compounds are finally removed from fuel oil by distillation in the presence of water. The sulfur content of fuel oil was decreased to levels as low as 20 ppm (up to 90%) in a short contact time, ambient temperature, and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that applying this process did not have any deleterious influence on the distillation characteristic, composition, and content of fuel oil that was examined. An artificial neural network, using back propagation (BP), was also utilized for modeling oxidative desulfuration process of fuel oil. The comparison between the output of ANN modeling and the experimental data showed satisfactory agreement.     

化学混凝复合超声波处理油气田含硫废水研究

根据油气田含硫废水来源、组成、危害、处理方法及处理过程中存在的问题,提出化学混凝、超声波复合处理工艺技术。通过试验研究,得到混凝处理优化工艺条件：HNJFZ混凝剂用量3500mg／L,FASG絮凝剂用量15mg／L,pH值为8～9,处理后上清液水色清,絮体沉降速度快,COD去除率83．7％,S^2-去除率84．1％;超声波深度处理优化工艺条件：超声波频率为110kHz,声强为20W／cm^2,作用时间50min,体系pH值为3～5,COD去除率为80．2％,S^2-去除率为94．7％,处理后水样COD值为268．7mg／L,S^2-=1．1mg／L。结果表明,采用复合工艺技术对于提高油气田含硫废水处理效果显著。     

带压含硫气田水中H_(2)S的测定北大核心CSCD

目的捕集和检测带压含硫气田水常规减压取样过程排放闪蒸气中损失的H_(2)S组分,以实现带压含硫气田水中H_(2)S含量更加准确的测定,为优化和提升闪蒸气H_(2)S处理装置的设计和净化效率提供数据支撑。方法针对当前气田水减压平衡处理后H_(2)S测定结果明显偏低的问题,从带压液体取样和H_(2)S气体分析检测两个方面开展研究,讨论了取样装置、取样方法、分析检测方法、样品前处理、酸液用量和汽提时间等参数的影响。结果实现了等压取样,汽提时间为5 min,样品无须过滤前处理,解吸液为去离子水,以经典碘量法检测H_(2)S。结论通过比较实际样品带压和减压条件下H_(2)S含量的测定结果,表明该技术对准确测定带压含硫气田水中H_(2)S含量更加可靠,并将对其他带压溶液中溶解性气体的测定提供可借鉴的思路。