结合上下文注意力的卷积自校正图像语义分割

针对现有图像语义分割中存在小目标对象分割精度不高等问题,提出一种结合上下文注意力的卷积自校正图像语义分割模型.使用上下文注意力机制挖掘局部区域内细粒度特征,结合上下文循环神经网络和残差学习充分挖掘图像的深层隐含语义特征;构建辅助分割模型,在给定图像和边界框注释的情况下生成每像素的标签分布,提出卷积自校正模型,实现分割模...     

多尺度注意力引导的全景分割网络

全景分割是近年来新提出的图像分割任务。现有全景分割模型大都对前景实例对象和背景未定形区采用不同的方式进行特征表示,因此需要额外的后处理和融合操作来处理各种实例重叠和语义冲突问题。全卷积全景分割网络实现了统一的特征表示,省去了这些复杂操作,但其对于前景实例对象的分割准确率不高,对图像中远距离小目标的分割效果不是很理想。针对这些问题,基于全卷积全景分割网络进行改进优化,提出一种多尺度注意力引导的全景分割网络。首先改进特征提取网络,通过在主干网中添加一条自底向上的辅助路径来增强模型的多尺度特征获取能力。其次提出一种注意力模块,通过将空洞空间金字塔池化与通道注意力融合,来引导卷积核更新,生成更匹配的权重。在Cityscapes数据集上与全卷积全景分割网络进行对比实验,图像实例级全景分割质量提高了2.74个百分点,背景未定形区全景分割质量和综合全景分割质量分别提高了1.36个百分点和1.94个百分点,对于交通灯和摩托车等小物体的类别检测准确率分别提高了4.4个百分点和8.3个百分点。提出的全景分割网络综合了全卷积全景分割网络、多尺度特征及注意力机制的优点,使得图像实例级全景分割准确率更高。     

基于注意力机制的多尺度空洞卷积神经网络模型

现有的时间知识图谱表示方法不能较好地捕获四元组内的复杂关系,而基于神经网络的模型大都无法建模随时间变化的知识,不能捕获丰富的特征信息,实体和关系间的交互性也较差.因此,文中提出基于注意力机制的多尺度空洞卷积神经网络模型.首先利用长短期记忆网络获得时间感知的关系表示.再利用多尺度空洞卷积神经网络提高四元组的交互性.最后,使用多尺度注意力机制捕获关键特征,提高模型的补全能力.在多个公开时间数据集上的链路预测实验表明,文中模型性能较优.     

基于BM-TransUNet的咽后壁识别分割

图像分割经历了从基于传统的阈值分割等方法逐步发展到基于卷积神经网络的方法. 传统的卷积神经网络在分割领域中表现突出, 但训练速度慢、分割精度不够高等局限性也逐渐显现. 为了克服这些局限性, 本文在TransUNet网络的基础上进行改进, 提出了基于BM-TransUNet网络的图像分割识别方法, 在TransUNet网络的在第1层之后加上深度可分离卷积模块, 并在编码器下采样的卷积层后引入注意力机制模块, 让算法更好地探索分割对象特征, 同时在编码器与解码器之间引入多尺度特征融合模块FPN. 本文基于自制的咽后壁数据集, 用于图像分割训练, 并将训练后的BM-TransUNet网络与多种传统分割网络的效果进行对比. 实验结果表明, 相比于其他传统的深度学习模型, BM-TransUNet网络的识别方法具有较高的分类准确性和泛化能力, 精确度Precision和Dice系数分别达到了93.61%和90.76%, 显示出较好的计算效率, 能有效地应用于分割任务.     

基于多尺度特征融合与注意力机制的脊柱CT图像分割

本文针对医学脊柱CT图像因骨密度不均匀、骨骼结构复杂或图像成像分辨率低等因素造成的分割精度较低的问题,提出一种基于卷积-反卷积神经网络的CT图像脊柱分割方法.通过引入多尺度残差模块及注意力机制改进U-Net网络,训练特征模型并进行测试.在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法能有效提高CT图像中脊柱的分割精度及分割效率,Dice系数评估值为0.97,IOU系数评估值为0.94.     

一种改进的DenseASPP网络在遥感图像分割中的应用

针对遥感图像语义分割中目标尺度相差较大以及边界模糊等问题,对DenseASPP网络进行改进.引入通道注意力模型和空间注意力模型,使关键特征点在网络中具有更大的权重;在带孔卷积采样时使用分组卷积的方式,同时在训练时采用剪枝策略,舍去权值较低的连接,实现网络的稀疏化,有效克服DenseASPP内存占用过大的问题.改进后的网...     

基于深度视觉注意神经网络的端到端自动驾驶模型

针对现有端到端自动驾驶方法中存在的驾驶指令预测不准确、模型结构体量大和信息冗余多等问题,提出一种新的基于深度视觉注意神经网络的端到端自动驾驶模型。为了更有效地提取自动驾驶场景的特征,在端到端自动驾驶模型中引入视觉注意力机制,将卷积神经网络、视觉注意层和长短期记忆网络进行融合,提出一种深度视觉注意神经网络。该网络模型能够有效提取驾驶场景图像的空间特征和时间特征,并关注重要信息且减少信息冗余,实现用前向摄像机输入的序列图像来预测驾驶指令的端到端自动驾驶。利用模拟驾驶环境的数据进行训练和测试,该模型在乡村路、高速路、隧道和山路四个场景中对方向盘转向角预测的均方根误差分别为0.009 14、0.009 48、0.002 89和0.010 78,均低于对比用的英伟达公司提出的方法和基于深度级联神经网络的方法;并且与未使用视觉注意力机制的网络相比,该模型具有更少的网络层数。     

改进U-Net的高分辨率遥感图像轻量化分割

针对传统图像分割方法分割效率低下,遥感图像特征复杂多样,复杂场景下分割性能受到限制等问题,在基于U-Net网络架构的基础上,提出一种能够较好提取遥感图像特征并兼顾效率的改进U-Net模型.首先,以EfficientNetV2作为U-Net的编码网络,增强特征提取能力,提高训练和推理效率,然后在解码部分使用卷积结构重参数化方法并结合通道注意力机制,几乎不增加推理时间的前提下提升网络性能,最后结合多尺度卷积融合模块,提高网络对不同尺度目标的特征提取能力和更好地结合上下文信息.实验表明,改进的网络在遥感图像分割性能提升的同时分割效率也提高.     

基于改进的U-Net肺结节分割方法研究

由于肺部CT图像的特征信息复杂程度高,经典U型卷积网络对肺结节分割存在准确率较低和误分割等问题.针对这一问题,提出一种改进的U型卷积网络模型.该模型将U-Net网络和DenseNet网络融合,将解码器浅层特征连接至深层特征来增强特征的复用性.通过U-Net网络与卷积条件随机场(ConvCRF)的端到端结合训练来增强边缘特征,解决了边界模糊的问题.提出一种改进的focal loss损失函数,该函数提高了结节所占的权重,解决了正负样本不平衡的问题.在LUNA16数据集中作对比实验验证了模型的性能,分割精准度达到0.9374,敏感度为0.941,该结果证明了改进模型在肺结节分割中更优.     

多尺度空洞U-Net网络的电影CMR图像分割

在电影心脏核磁共振(CMR)图像上准确分割左心室、右心室和心肌是心脏功能评估和诊断的重要步骤。然而,大多数带标注的CMR图像数据量较少,无法满足训练需求,同时CMR图像中心脏结构复杂,心室及心肌边界不清晰,导致分割效果欠佳。因此,该文提出了一种基于迁移学习和多尺度空洞U-Net网络的CMR图像分割方法,使用迁移学习,将预训练模型得到的网络参数迁移到目标模型上作为目标模型的初始化参数,提高网络的特征学习能力,解决CMR图像数据量不足的问题;在U-Net网络中引入多尺度空洞卷积模块,使用空洞卷积代替普通卷积在参数不变的情况下扩大了感受野,并且采用多尺度特征融合提取更加精细的特征,解决CMR图像边界曲线欠分割的问题。实验结果表明,该方法能有效实现心脏中左心室、右心室和心肌的准确分割,平均Dice系数和Hausdorff距离平均值分别为0.902和4.219 mm,对比其他网络分割模型明显提高了分割精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.