MODELING OF COPPER ION REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING MODIFIED SILICA BEADS

Silica beads, containing 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenoneoximc (LIX84) were prepared in order to examine the removal of copper ions from aqueous waste solutions. The process for copper ion removal using the modified silica beads was mathematically modeled using both a non-equilibrium model and an equilibrium model. The external mass transfer coefficient and effective diffusivity inside the bead pore were estimated by matching the experimental data and predicted values from the model, and the results were compared. The results of the two models were similar and in good agreement because of the relatively faster reaction rate than mass transfer rate. Sensitivity analyses showed that the external mass transfer has more influence on the copper ion removal system because of hydrophobic effects.     

REMOVAL OF VOCs FROM THE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY PERVAPORATION USING A FILLING-TYPE MEMBRANE

The membranes were prepared by the incorporation of highly hydrophobic silicalite and carbon molecular sieves (CMS) from different precursors into the PDMS casting solutions. The pervaporative removal of VOCs, such as benzene, from aqueous solutions was carried out using the separation factor and permeation flux as the evaluating parameters. The effects of the CMS types and structures, feed concentrations on the pervaporation performance were preliminarily investigated.     

REMOVAL OF METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING PYROLYZED RICE HUSKS: ADSORPTION KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIA

Four carbon/silica-containing materials obtained by pyrolysis of rice husks were characterized and their adsorption properties towards some metal ions were evaluated. GC/MS analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy were applied for identification of functional groups finely dispersed on the surface. Their amounts were gravimetrically determined after extraction with acetone. The specific surface area and porosity of the materials were characterized by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and by mercury porosimetry, respectively. The adsorption properties of the carbonized rice husks towards Fe(III), Pb(II), Cr(III), and Cu(II) ions in single- and multicomponent aqueous solutions also containing Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Cd(II) were studied in a batch system. The effects of contact time, acidity of initial solutions, and metal ion concentrations were followed. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyze kinetic data. Equilibrium experimental data were fitted to linear Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacities for single- and multicomponent adsorption were calculated and compared with literature data. A correlation between the adsorption properties of pyrolyzed rice husks and their textural and surface parameters was established. Possibilities for desorption of the investigated ions were estimated.     

乳状液膜法提取分离水中苯胺

采用非流动载体乳状液膜体系对水中苯胺的提取进行了研究.考察了影响苯胺传质的几种因素：内水相盐酸浓度、外水相pH值、表面活性剂种类和浓度、乳水比等.结果表明,在适宜的操作条件下,当水中苯胺浓度为500 mg·L^-1时,经过一级液膜处理,水中苯胺的含量可降到1.5 mg·L^-1.另外初步探讨了表面活性剂的结构和性质对膜相黏度、界面黏度、稳定性和苯胺传质速率的影响.     

Ce-Cu复合催化剂用于对硝基苯酚废水处理研究

通过络合法制得Ce-Cu复合催化剂,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和程序升温还原对催化剂性能进行了研究,考察了该催化剂用于废水中对硝基苯酚去除性能。结果表明,催化剂中Cu氧化物能很好地溶入CeO2晶格形成表面具有多孔结构的Ce0.86Cu0.14O2固溶体催化剂,催化剂中Cu-O键得到一定程度的削弱,使其可还原性能得到提高而提高了催化剂中氧化物的活性。Ce0.86Cu0.14O2催化剂可将废水中对硝基苯酚的质量浓度由150 mg.L-1降到1.8 mg.L-1左右,对硝基苯酚去除率可达98.8%。     

ADSORPTION,KINETICS, AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES ON REMOVAL OF 4,4-DDT FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING LOW-COST ADSORBENTS

The removal of a chlorinated pesticide (4,4-DDT) from aqueous solutions by a batch adsorption technique using different low-cost adsorbents was investigated. Two adsorbents, wood sawdust (A) and cork wastes (B), were used to determine adsorption efficiency. The influence of the adsorbent particle size and the organic matter of water (humic acids) on the removal process was studied. The obtained results were compared to those obtained with a commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC, F400, Chemviron) (C). Kinetic studies were performed to understand the mechanistic steps of the adsorption process. The rate of the adsorption kinetics of 4,4-DDT on the low-cost adsorbents was found best fitted with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This is in contrast to the rate of the adsorption kinetics of the PAC F400, which was best fitted with the Lagergren model. The application of the Morris-Weber equation showed that the adsorption process of 4,4-DDT on these adsorbents was complex. Both the adsorption on the surface and the intraparticle diffusion were the rate-controlling mechanisms. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable to the adsorption process and their constants were evaluated. The adsorption capacity (q_m) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm (69.44 mg·g^?1, 19.08 mg·g^?1, and 163.90 mg·g^?1, respectively, for A, B, and C) showed that the process is highly particle size dependent, that the organic matter influenced the adsorption process negatively, and that wood sawdust is the most effective adsorbent for the removal of 4,4-DDT from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents studied exhibited a possible application in water decontamination, as well as in treatment of industrial and agricultural waste waters.     

离子交换树脂法纯化和回收Lyocell纤维纺丝溶剂NMMO

采用阴、阳离子交换树脂处理Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ纤维纺丝凝固浴,纯化回收凝固浴中的溶剂ＮＭＭＯ。研究结果表明,阴离子交换树脂脱色效果好,阳离子交换树脂能去除ＮＭＭＯ的分解产物吗啉和甲基吗啉,用回收后的ＮＭＭＯ作为溶剂纺出的纤维性能良好。     

减压膜蒸馏及其应用于易挥发性有机物分离的研究现状

本文叙述了减压膜蒸馏分离技术及其机理，并讨论了其应用于水溶液中易挥发性有机物分离的研究现状。     

HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING TiO2, MgO,AND Al2O3 NANOPARTICLES

This study investigated the removal of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Pb²⁺ from aqueous solutions using nanoparticle sorbents (TiO₂, MgO, and Al₂O₃) with a range of experimental approaches. The maximum uptake values (sum of four metals) with multiple component solutions were 594.9, 114.6, and 49.4 mg g^?1, for MgO, Al₂O₃, and TiO₂, respectively. The sorption equilibrium isotherms were described using the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The best interpretation for experiment data was given by the Freundlich model for Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺ in single- and multiple-component solutions. A first-order kinetic model adequately described the experimental data using MgO, Al₂O₃, and TiO₂. SEM-EDX both before and after metal sorption and soil solution saturation indices (SI) in MgO nanoparticles indicated that the main sorption mechanism for heavy metals was attributable to adsorption and precipitation, whereas heavy metal sorption by TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ adsorbents was due to adsorption. These nanoparticles may potentially be used as efficient sorbents for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. MgO nanoparticles were the most promising sorbents because of their high metal uptake.     

利用低浓度表面活性剂胶团强化超滤处理含锌废水

利用低浓度的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）,对含Zn^2＋废水进行了胶团强化超滤（MEUF）研究．结果表明：进料液的静置时间为3h时,Zn^2＋在SDS胶团上的吸附达到平衡状态。当Zn^2＋的浓度一定时,由于发生在膜表面的浓差极化现象的影响,在进料液中投加浓度低于1倍临界胶束浓度（CMC）的SDS,不但在很大程度上降低了SDS的用量,而且亦可获得较高的Zn^2＋截留率和渗透通量,Zn^2＋的截留率主要受膜表面SDS浓度的影响。随着进料液中SDS浓度的升高,渗透通量逐渐降低,而渗透液中SDS的浓度随之不断增大,但无论进料液中SDS浓度有多大,渗透液中SDS的浓度都不会高于1倍CMC（2．25g／L）,所以渗透液中的SDS的损失相对较小。Zn^2＋截留率随进料液中Zn^2＋浓度逐步增大而逐渐减小,基于低浓度表面活性剂的胶团强化超滤技术适宜处理低浓度含Zn^2＋废水．     

生物法深度处理印刷线路板含铜废水的试验研究

针对传统物化法无法彻底破除印刷线路板生产废水中络合态铜的特点,在经过一系列物化处理的基础上,采用UASB+好氧组合工艺对其进行深度处理。试验研究中,通过控制污水在反应器中的停留时间、pH等参数,来优化反应器的运行效果。试验结果表明,控制厌氧阶段pH=7±0.5、温度30~35℃、水力停留时间12 h;好氧阶段水力停留时间10 h、DO质量浓度为2~4 mg/L,处理系统对COD的去除率在85%以上,总铜去除率保持在80%左右,氨氮去除率达到90%,处理出水稳定达到污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)中规定的一级排放标准。     

MODIFIED PLANTAIN PEEL AS CELLULOSE-BASED LOW-COST ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF 2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION: ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS,KINETIC MODELING,AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES

In this study, the feasibility of using modified plantain peel to remove 2,6-dichlorophenol from iaqueous solutions was investigated under batch mode. The effects of physical factors such as initial 2,6-dichlorophenol concentration, contact time, biosorbent particle size, biosorbent dosage and temperature on the removal process were evaluated. The results showed that biosorption of 2,6-dichlorophenol was dependent on these factors. The equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherm models. The four tested isotherm models provided good fits to the experimental data obtained at 30°C; however, the Freundlich isotherm model provided the best correlation (R² = 0.9874) of the experimental data. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity (Q _max ) was found to be 14.25 mg/g. The biosorption kinetics data of 2,6-dichlorophenol were analyzed by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion, and liquid film diffusion models. The five kinetic models fitted well to the biosorption kinetic data; however, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best fit when the biosorption mechanism was controlled by film diffusion. Thermodynamic quantities such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°), standard entropy change of biosorption (ΔS°), and activation energy (E_a) were evaluated, and it was found that the biosorption process was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic in nature and of dual nature, physisorption and chemisorption; however, the physisorption process was dominant. Therefore, modified plantain peel has potential for application as an effective bioadsorbent for removal of 2,6-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution.     

THERMODYNAMIC STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION OF SOME ORGANIC ACIDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY UNMODIFIED AND MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE CLAYS

In this study, the adsorption of some organic acids from aqueous solutions on modified and unmodified montmorillonite clays was carried out as a function of temperature and initial concentration of the adsorbate, through adsorption isotherms and their thermodynamic parameters (ΔS, ΔH, and ΔG). The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents increased with the concentration, at constant temperature, and decreased with the increase of temperature, at constant concentration. The negative values of ΔG and ΔH showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. In general the experimental data were well represented by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models.     

NEW CATION EXCHANGE RESINS BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL CONTAINING CARBOXYL GROUPS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SOME TEXTILE CONTAMINANTS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Two cation exchange resins having carboxyl contents, 628 and 424 meq/100 g sample were prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid in presence of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution using methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The prepared resins were characterized by investigation of their potentiometric titration, durability, water solubility, and swellability. The removal of Cu²⁺ ions (in the form of copper sulfate) from aqueous solution using these resins was studied under different conditions, including resin particle size, copper sulfate concentration, time, pH, liquor to resin ratio (LR), agitation speed, and resin capacity. A comparison was also held among the removal of other cations, namely Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺, in their sulfate forms. The resins were also utilized in the removal of some basic dyes from their aqueous solutions.     

STUDY OF HG(II) REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING LIGNOCELLULOSIC COCONUT FIBER BIOSORBENTS: EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC EVALUATION

Lignocellulosic coconut wastes such as pith and fiber, which are abundantly available and cheap, have the potential of being used as low-cost biosorbents for heavy metal ion removal. In this study, pristine (CF-Pristine) and NaOH-treated (CF-NaOH) coconut fibers were used as a biosorbent for Hg(II) removal from an aqueous solution. The coconut fiber biosorbent (CFB) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The Hg(II) sorption capacities obtained for CF-Pristine and CF-NaOH were 144.4 and 135.0 mg/g, respectively. Both the equilibrium and kinetic data of Hg(II) sorption onto CFB followed the Langmuir isotherm model and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. A further analysis of the kinetic data suggested that the Hg(II) sorption process was governed by both intraparticle and external mass transfer processes, in which film diffusion was the rate-limiting step. These results demonstrated that both pristine- and alkali-treated coconut wastes could be potential low-cost biosorbent alternatives for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions, such as water containing Hg(II) produced in the oil and gas industry.