LAMINAR FLOW HEAT TRANSFER WITH INLINE MIXERS INSERTS

Heat transfer coefficients were measured for heat transfer to a Newtonian fluid flowing in laminar flow through a tube with inline mixer inserts. Kenics “Static” mixer and Ross LPD mixer inserts were studied as heat transfer augmentation devices. The mixer inserts were in the inner tube of a concentric tube heat exchanger. Steam was condensed in the annulus of the exchanger. Significant heat transfer enhancement was obtained with both inserts at the expense of even greater pressure drop increases. The use of the Ross mixer insert gave greater augmentation than did the use of the kenics insert. An analysis using the analogy between momentum and heat transfer allowed the prediction of heat transfer coefficients from pressure drop measurements. The predicted coefficients were in good agreement with experimentally measured heat transfer coefficients for laminar flow.     

加导流条的间接蒸发冷却器性能实验研究

通过正交实验方法,对一台加有正弦型波纹导流条的板式换热器性能进行了研究。实验发现,阻力的实验结果大于层流的理论计算结果;随着二次空气与一次空气流量比的增加,干工况的换热器效能降低,湿工况的换热器效能增加。导流条的应用增加了流动阻力,对换热的作用具有两面性:一方面因扰动而强化换热,另一方面也可能因导流条波谷处的固定漩涡而阻碍换热。由于壁面非均匀润湿的原因,湿工况的换热器效能不增反降,因此提高换热器润湿率是提高间接蒸发冷却换热器性能的重要措施。     

Ross LPD型静态混合器内湍流传热与混合强化特性

在湍流状态Re=2640~17600下,采用恒热通量传热实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,系统研究Reynolds数Re和交错角对Ross LPD型静态混合器内湍流流动与传热性能影响,采用Nusselt数、Darcy摩擦系数、综合传热系数、速度场与温度梯度和压力梯度协同角等参数评价混合器内传热强化性能;基于CFD与LPT相耦合分析混合器内流体微元拉伸率。研究结果表明：SST k-ω模型预测Ross型静态混合器湍流阻力及传热结果与实验结果具有很好一致性;Ross混合器流场内形成与流场尺度较为接近的纵向涡,其涡心在圆形截面与半圆形截面中心间周期性迁移,横截面内湍流分散混合效率是Kenics的3.36~1.72倍;当Re>7040时,Ross LPD综合传热性能明显优于KSM;当叶片夹角为30°时,综合传热性能系数具有最大值;Ross LPD内插件具有高效低阻的技术优势和结构改进潜力。     

Ross LPD型静态混合器内湍流传热与混合强化特性

在湍流状态Re=2640~17600下,采用恒热通量传热实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,系统研究Reynolds数Re和交错角对Ross LPD型静态混合器内湍流流动与传热性能影响,采用Nusselt数、Darcy摩擦系数、综合传热系数、速度场与温度梯度和压力梯度协同角等参数评价混合器内传热强化性能;基于CFD与LPT相耦合分析混合器内流体微元拉伸率。研究结果表明：SST k-ω模型预测Ross型静态混合器湍流阻力及传热结果与实验结果具有很好一致性;Ross混合器流场内形成与流场尺度较为接近的纵向涡,其涡心在圆形截面与半圆形截面中心间周期性迁移,横截面内湍流分散混合效率是Kenics的3.36~1.72倍;当Re>7040时,Ross LPD综合传热性能明显优于KSM;当叶片夹角为30°时,综合传热性能系数具有最大值;Ross LPD内插件具有高效低阻的技术优势和结构改进潜力。     

Non-isothermal laminar pipe flow — II. Experimental

In a previous article [1] theoretical predictions of velocity distributions, pressure drops and mean Nusselt-numbers are given for non-isothermal pipe flow of power-law fluids having a temperature dependent consistency-index. In the present investigation these solutions are checked for Newtonian fluids with extensive experimental data.A flow visualization technique was used for measuring the non-isothermal, laminar velocity profiles of glycerol in a round tube. Furthermore, accurate pressure drop measurements were carried out for non-isothermal tube flow of a viscous. Newtonian liquid. Finally logarithmic mean heat transfer coefficients were measured in laminar flow heat transfer.The experimental velocity profiles, pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients show a good agreement with those predicted theoretically.     

插入扰流元件换热管强化换热效果分析

设计了一种新型插入扰流元件管式换热器,并依据相关文献的模拟数据将其与波纹管、光管在不同流速下的管内壁面平均传热系数、换热量、平均Nusselt数以及摩擦阻力的变化特性进行了分析比较。结果表明:插入扰流元件换热管在强化换热能力的同时其压力损失也会很大,所以在实际应用过程中选取插入扰流元件换热管时一定要考虑其经济性;在泵功率消耗一定时,插入扰流元件换热管的热效率与波纹管的热效率很接近。但插入扰流元件换热管在制造工艺上具有加工方便、固定灵活等优点,比较适合对现有换热器的改造。所以,该种热管同样具有广泛的应用价值。     

三维翅片管外螺旋流动传热强化

流体在螺旋隔板换热器的壳程类似于塞状流流动,几乎没有返混和流动死区.在相同压降下,其传热系数比普通的弓形隔板换热器高得多.以润滑油作为实验介质,研究了润滑油在螺旋隔板单管换热器的壳程传热和压降性能,并与光滑管进行了性能对比.采用Wilson图解法分别分离出了螺旋隔板花瓣管和光滑管单管换热器的管程传热系数,并计算出各自的壳程传热系数,壳程传热系数相对误差为±3％.实验结果表明,在相同Reynolds数下,螺旋隔板花瓣管单管换热器的Nusselt数和压降Δp分别是螺旋隔板光滑管单管换热器的2～2.7倍和1.3～1.4倍.与螺旋隔板光滑管单管换热器相比,螺旋隔板花瓣管单管换热器的传热性能的提高远高于压降的提高,证明在螺旋流条件下,花瓣管具有很好的传热强化性能.     

插入物强化管内单相流体传热的研究

为寻求强化低Re数下气体传热的较好插入物型式,在Re=500-10000范围内,对6种插入物用氢气泡示踪法进行流态显示,在恒壁温条件下进行竖直管内空气传热和阻力对比试验,得出各插入物的f-Re和Nu-Re关联式,并对各插入物进行传热强化性能评价.在此基础上进行参数范围为e/D=0.067—0.234、S/e=3.89—13.25的螺旋片试验,得出其阻力和传热关联式.综合研究流态显示结果和传热性能评价,认为在层流或过渡流区,利用螺旋流与利用边界层分离二者相比较,前者可以耗能较少而获得同样的传热强化效果.     

Thermal performance of tubular heat exchanger with multiple twisted-tape inserts

The paper presents an experimental investigation on enhanced heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics by using single, double, triple, and quadruple twisted-tape inserts in a round tube having a uniform heat-fluxed wal . The investigation has been conducted in the heat exchanger tube inserted with various twisted-tape numbers for co-and counter-twist arrangements for the turbulent air flow, Reynolds number (Re) from 5300 to 24000. The typical single twisted-tape inserts at two twist ratios, y/w=4 and 5, are used as the base case, while the other multiple twisted-tape inserts are at y/w=4 only. The experimental results of heat transfer and pressure drop in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f), respectively, reveal that Nu increases with the increment of Re and of twisted-tape number. The values of Nu for the inserted tube are in a range of 1.15–2.12 times that for the plain tube while f is 1.9–4.1 times. The thermal enhancement factor of the inserted tube under similar pumping power is evaluated and found to be above unity except for the single and the double co-twisted tapes. The quadruple counter-twisted tape insert provides the maximum thermal performance.     

间断环面槽肋片管束的传热和流动阻力

应用热 -质比拟技术 ,对间断环面槽肋片管束进行了传质与流动阻力实验 ,根据热 -质比拟关系得出传热结果 .分析了该种换热芯子在不同板间距时的传热与阻力特性 .与光板肋片管换热芯子比较 ,该种换热元件的传热与阻力都有很大提高 ,而阻力增加幅度更大 .实验结果为运用单位选用肋片管式换热器提供了依据 .     

扭曲椭圆管换热的壳程强化传热特性

通过搭建扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能测试平台,对扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能进行了实验测试,以实验数据为基础对前人得到的壳程传热与压降性能计算准则关系式的应用范围进行了分析,同时拟合得到了测试用扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能计算准则关系式,设计了与测试扭曲椭圆管换热器结构类似的折流板换热器以及折流杆换热器,采用相关计算方法对换热器的传热与压降性能进行了计算和比较,并分析了3台换热器的综合性能,结果显示扭曲椭圆管换热器传热效果好、压降低,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

换热管内置螺旋线圈的阻力及传热特性实验研究

将9种不同结构尺寸的螺线线圈分别置入换热管内进行实验研究,分析了其阻力和传热特性。实验结果表明,在相同的Re下,管内插入螺旋线圈后流体压降和传热系数都有较大提高。通过多元线性回归分析,得到了压降增量和传热系数关联式。由传热性能分析,得到了综合评价因子φ=0.77~1.60,为如何选用性能优越的螺旋线圈提供了参考依据。     

螺旋隔板三维翅片管传热实验研究与数值模拟

文章对冷却水在换热器管程流动并与壳程的热油逆流换热条件下,对螺旋隔板三维翅片管换热器的传热与压降性能进行了实验研究,并与光滑管进行了对比。在相同壳程Reynolds数下,三维翅片管的壳程Nusselt数是光滑管的2.2—2.9倍,而压降是光滑管的2.3倍左右。采用计算流体力学软件F luent 6.0对螺旋隔板三维翅片管和光滑管换热器进行了数值模拟。结果表明,螺旋流条件下光滑管表面速度矢量均匀、稳定,而三维翅片表面的速度矢量因翅片激发流体而产生湍动和不规则的二次流,从而强化了流体的对流传热。对于螺旋隔板三维翅片管换热器,壳程Nusselt数和压降的数值模拟结果与实验计算值吻合良好,最大偏差分别为6.3%和9.8%。     

三维针翅片管在螺旋板换热器应用传热强化研究

将光滑管外表面进行滚压—犁切复合加工,形成了三维A型针翅片管,应用于连续形的螺旋导流板换热器中,流体在连续形螺旋导流板换热器的壳程中类似于塞状流流动,几乎没有返混和流动死区。在相同压降下,其传热系数比普通的弓形折流板换热器高得多。文章以润滑油作为实验介质,研究了润滑油在螺旋导流板三维A型针翅片管换热器的壳程传热和压降性能,并与光滑管螺旋导流板换热器进行了性能对比。实验结果表明,在相同Reynolds数下,螺旋导流板三维A型针翅片管换热器的Nusselt数和压降△p分别是光滑管螺旋导流板换热器的2.4～2.8倍和1.2～1.4倍。与光滑管螺旋导流板换热器相比,螺旋导流板三维A型针翅片管换热器的传热性能的提高远高于压降的提高,证明在螺旋流条件下,三维A型针翅片管具有很好的传热强化性能。     

扭曲三叶管传热与流阻性能的数值研究

扭曲管换热器是一种新型高效换热器。在扭曲管强化传热机理研究的基础上,提出了一种新的扭曲管管型--三叶管。验证了标准k-ω湍流模型在圆管及扭曲椭圆管计算中的精确度,并采用该湍流模型对扭曲三叶管Re在4000～20000范围内的传热和流阻性能进行了研究。计算结果表明,扭曲三叶管的Nusselt数比扭曲椭圆管大,虽然压差增大较多但综合传热性能比扭曲椭圆管高。这是由于扭曲三叶管特殊的三叶区结构以及过渡区曲率的变化,使得三叶管内的螺旋流动比椭圆管更为复杂,速度场与温度梯度场的协同程度更好。随着Reynolds数的增大扭曲三叶管的压差及Nusselt数都逐渐增大,但综合性能逐渐降低,在低Reynolds数下扭曲三叶管的强化传热效果较为明显。内切圆直径及过渡圆弧直径越小,扭曲三叶管的综合性能越好,其中内切圆直径的影响更为显著。     

Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of enhanced titanium tubes

The present study investigated the characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop for various types of enhanced titanium tubes. The heat transfer experiments were conducted using a steam-condensing flow facility at a constant inlet temperature of cooling water, and the Reynolds number range varied from 15,000 to 65,000. The heat transfer coefficients were determined using a modified version of the Wilson plot technique and the friction factors were calculated from pressure drop measurements. The experimental results reported enable practical design to be achieved for the heat exchanger using enhanced titanium tubes and optimization of tube geometry for specific conditions.     

内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流动与传热三维数值模拟

为研究内置螺旋弹簧换热管单管强化传热原理,采用Fluent软件对内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流体流动与传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了弹簧的应用对管内流场、压降和换热性能的影响,并分别取螺旋弹簧节距p分别为2 mm、4 mm、5 mm初步研究了弹簧的节距对强化传热效果的影响。模拟结果显示：弹簧管内流体呈螺旋流动状态,管壁附近流体切向速度和径向速度有一定程度的提高,从而加剧了管内流体的混合及边界层的扰动,充分换热,弹簧管进出口温度差较光管有所增加,最高增加了0.9 ℃;相同雷诺数条件下,内置螺旋弹簧换热管Nu数均高于光管,而压降和阻力系数相比光管有明显增加,随着弹簧节距减小换热增强而摩擦阻力系数增加。     

扁管结构对平行流冷凝器制冷剂侧性能的影响

平行流冷凝器是一种新型高效紧凑式换热器,其在家用空调器中的应用还存在一些问题,如压降太大等,本文使用Yang和Webb推荐的扁管侧经验传热系数及摩擦阻力关联式,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了家用空调器中平行流冷凝器多孔扁管结构对其传热及压降性能的影响。结果表明:适当减小平行流冷凝器的扁管内孔高度、宽度、宽高比及扁管孔数,可提高其传热系数、增加压降。研究结果为家用空调器中平行流冷凝器多孔扁管参数的选取提供了理论依据。     

纵翅片结构形式对管换热器性能的影响

提出了一种可改善换热效率的百叶窗式纵翅片换热管的结构模型,对其进行简化,采用Fluent软件对换热管烟气侧流动与传热过程进行数值模拟,对比了两种百叶窗纵翅片与普通纵翅片的换热效率与压降,结果发现：百叶窗式纵翅片传热效果比普通纵翅片高130%以上。模拟了6组不同流体入口速度下传热与压降的变化情况,分析了百叶窗翅片间距与倾斜角度对传热与压降的影响,结果表明：入口速度越大,进出口温差越小,压降越大;翅片间距越大,进出口温差和压降都越小;翅片倾斜角度越大,换热效果相差不大,压降越大。搭建了简易实验平台对模拟结果进行验证。     

Design and assessment of a novel static mixer

This paper examines the performance of a novel static mixer comprising a circular tube fitted with eight alternating equi‐spaced semicircular rigid insert (baffles) as the mixer elements. Experiments were carried out to obtain the coefficient of variance (CoV) for the mixing of two streams of water and brine for Reynolds number between 60 and 700. Decreasing the baffles clearance ratio significantly reduces the CoV but at a cost of an increase in the pressure drop across the static mixer. The presence of the mixing elements (baffles) promotes a non‐laminar, turbulent‐like flow which considerably enhances the mixing. The static mixer described here represents a cost effective, easy to manufacture, low maintenance, and flexible alternative to the more sophisticated static mixers currently in use.