煤层开采对岳城水库库区渗漏的影响研究

申家庄煤矿位于岳城水库库区漳河北岸．鉴于岳城水库的重要性和申家庄煤矿在地方经济中的重要地位，综合现场测试、矿井涌水量统计、水质分析、理论计算以及数值模拟结果，论证了库区水体与新生界地层、新生界与基岩含水层、基岩含水层之间以及库区水体与基岩含水层之间的水力联系，结果表明，只有库区水体和新生界含水层之间发生水力联系。其余会水层和地表水体之间不会发生水力联系，煤层开采不会造成岳城水库库区水体发生渗漏．     

浅谈小井沟水库坝址区水文地质条件

小井沟水库坝址地层为须家河组砂泥岩互层，以砂岩为代表的含水层和以泥岩为主的相对隔水层构成了多层含水层．由于岩层分布、埋深及径流条件差异较大，其含水层特点也各不相同。为工程安全起见，分析并研究坝址区附近水文地质条件．对于建坝防渗具有重要意义。     

细鳞河水库坝址区水文地质特征分析

细鳞河水库坝址地层砂砾组,以砂岩为代表的含水层和以泥页岩为主的相对隔水层构成了多层含水层,坝址处第四系覆盖层以下基岩,两岸山体基岩无明显断裂,稳定性较好,库区无明显渗漏区。为了确保水库扩建工程的安全起见,分析并研究坝址区附近水文地质条件,为其水库扩建提出依据。     

西北半干旱地区大水矿床成因机制——以锦界煤矿为例

:以锦界煤矿为例,通过矿床水文地质分析,研究矿坑涌水量的构成及其影响因素,结果表明:锦 界煤矿开采破坏了顶板隔水层,导通了充水通道,改变了原有的水循环模式,使孔隙水与裂隙水通过充 水通道进入采空区和工作面,涌水量达到５３００ｍ３／ｈ,从而形成了大水矿床。在此基础上,提出矿区含水 层的保护措施,为矿井安全生产和该地区水资源保护提供科学依据。     

浅析溃坝流量对桥址断面洪水计算的影响

以新建铁路泊江海子煤矿铁路专用线涉河路基、桥涵设计中拟建桥梁位置断面洪水计算为例,分析溃坝流量对桥址断面洪水计算的影响。     

富水岩层隧道区域涌水量预测方法及工程应用

为预测穿越富水岩层区域隧道的涌水量,依据工程实例提出随机性数学模型和确定性数学模型进行涌水量预测的方法。通过理论解析公式和数值解等确定性数学模型对比分析隧道单位长度涌水量,并讨论了围岩渗透系数、隧道半径、地下水位高度、隧道含水层厚度对隧道涌水量的影响。研究表明,除佐藤邦明公式外,各影响参数有较强的敏感性。单位长度涌水量随各影响因素的增大而增大,数值解的增长趋势最为显著,佐藤邦明公式的增长趋势最不明显。研究成果可为富水区隧道突涌水灾害治理提供理论支持。     

碳酸盐岩井综合洗井技术

在所有岩石中，作为地下水储存和运移空间的裂隙，以碳酸盐岩裂隙的空间分布最不均匀，加之并在施工过程中许多因素的影响，造成许多碳酸盐岩井（指主要含水层岩性为碳酸盐岩的井）涌水量很小。而已有的增大碳酸盐岩井涌水量技术措施适用面又都很窄，致使许多涌水量很小的碳酸盐岩井因无法达到有使用价值的水量而报废。为此，从1990年以来，河南新密市水利局科技人员对豫西山区47眼涌水量小于15米3／时的碳酸盐岩井进行了详细调查，发现绝大多数涌水量小的碳酸盐岩井不仅其含水层裂隙不发育、连通性差，而且含水层裂隙也被充填，甚至多数被…     

淮北平原河流污染对浅层地下水影响试验研究

正一、研究区概况及研究对象的选定淮北平原浅层地下水为第四至第三系松散岩系地下含水层组埋深0~50m,属潜水~弱承压水,由全新统Q4及上更新统Q3组成,含水层顶板埋深5.5~12.0m,底板埋深40~50m,则上、下两个韵律层构成:20~25m以浅,含水层厚度8~17m,以粉细砂为主夹亚砂土,下部25~50m,含水层厚度2~8m,岩性粉细砂夹中砂、亚砂土。富水性又分为富水区、中等富水区     

邹庄煤矿矿坑涌水量预测研究

基于对邹庄煤矿区域含水层补给条件的分析,通过数值法和解析法计算了矿坑涌水量,并对计算结果进行了对比分析。对于模型边界、含水层厚度及性质,数值法的处理方法可以较准确地反映含水层实际情况。与解析法相比,数值法的预测结果更加符合涌水量的动态变化特征,总体认为数值法预测的矿坑涌水量比较符合实际。     

浅谈鹤岗市区水文地质条件

鹤岗市地层为砂砾层、泥页岩,另外还有岩浆岩分布,构成了以砂岩为代表的含水层,由于岩层的分布、埋深及径流条件差异较大,其含水层的特点也各不相同。为了合理开发利用和保护好地下水,分析和研究该区的水文地质条件具有重要的意义。     

多含水层渗流系统电导示踪模型

在利用钻孔测定含水层水文地质参数时,如遇到多含水层情况,需使用栓塞系统对各含水层进行隔离探测,由于现场操作较为不便且钻孔条件要求高,故提出多含水层渗流系统电导示踪模型。在不使用栓塞系统的情况下,考虑含水层涌水或吸水等不同情况,通过测定抽水条件下各含水层的电导率,建立多含水层渗流系统电导示踪模型确定含水层渗透性参数。当钻孔中只存在涌水层时,直接利用电导率曲线面积与溶质质量的比例关系求解出流量;当钻孔中同时出现涌水层和吸水层时,根据溶质质量曲线的斜率可较准确地确定吸水层的位置,再由斜率的变化计算出含水层的流量。基于某工程实例采取3种方法求解各含水层的渗透系数、静水头、渗流速度、导水系数等水文地质参数,结果表明,采用电导示踪模型计算结果与同位素示踪测试及注水试验测试结果吻合较好,且电导示踪模型方法现场操作更为简便,可极大地提高含水层水文地质参数的测定效率。     

煤田矿井涌水量预测三维数值模型

针对煤田矿井涌水量预测的复杂性,以山西平朔安家岭井工矿为例,在概化出矿区水文地质概念模型的基础上,建立了安家岭井工矿矿井涌水量预测的地下水三维非稳定流数值模拟模型,并结合矿井生产,按矿井掘进工作面进行了平水期和丰水期两个方案的涌水量预测,获得了各工作面不同时期地下水位分别疏干到4#煤底和9#煤底的矿井涌水量。该方法将矿井涌水量预测和矿井的水文地质结构及矿井生产进度紧密结合起来,具有较高的精度。     

攀枝花盐边县太田煤矿区水文地质特征及涌水量预测

以太田煤矿区为研究对象, 在大量收集研究区域地质资料, 气象资料的基础上, 分析研究区地质条件及水文地 质条件。将太田区煤矿水文地质类型划分为以大气降雨补给为主的水文地质条件简单的裂隙充水矿, 其后重点分 析矿床充水条件及充水通道, 根据分析, 最后选择/ 大井法0及/ 暴雨峰值系数法0初步预测标高 1 300 m 处矿坑正常 涌水量及多年最大涌水量。本次调查研究结果可为矿井建设生产提供科学的水文地质资料。     

用于裂隙岩溶含水层回灌的屋面雨水径流水质特性研究

本文以北方地区裂隙岩溶水典型城市济南市为研究区，监测分析了2008年2月至8月降水过程的降雨量、降雨强度，同时对研究区13次天然降水的11项指标与位于裂隙岩溶水直接补给区7次降水形成的屋面径流的28项指标进行检测，识别出屋面径流主要污染物类型，探讨了2008年春季和夏季各次降雨形成的屋面径流中不同污染物随降雨历时、降雨强度和季节的变化规律；分析了径流污染物的来源，并对屋面径流雨水通过井回灌裂隙岩溶含水层用于饮用水的处理方法及效果进行了探讨。济南市屋面水质的研究为济南城市屋面雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层提供了依据。     

含水层砂岩指数在新疆新生界砂岩承压含水层单井出水量预报中的应用

三塘湖以北地区是新疆最近探明的主要煤田之一,在煤系地层之上覆盖有水量较丰富的新生界砂岩承压含水层,是煤田开发过程中重要的供水水源之一。本文提出含水层砂岩指数的概念,以三塘湖北煤田供水水文地质详查资料为基础,建立承压含水层砂岩指数与单井出水量的关系。结果表明:承压含水层砂岩指数与单井出水量间具有极显著的线性相关关系,砂岩指数预测单井出水量的相对误差一般小于50%,平均绝对误差仅7.59m3/d,平均误差1.07%,拟合程度较高;宜井区(单井出水量>500 m3/d)相对误差一般<15%,拟合程度高。该成果对于今后宜井区承压含水层单井出水量的预测以及地下水开采井的合理布置具有重要的现实意义。     

3D Variable Density Flow Simulation to Evaluate Pumping Schemes in Coastal Aquifers

A three dimensional model is presented for the simulation of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers by considering the development of a transition zone and thus the variable density flow approach. The model is applied to a heterogeneous coastal aquifer to study the effects of the pumping rate, the salinity of freshwater inflow and the thickness of the aquifer, on the degradation of pumped water quality through wells in certain location. Even for an optimum pumping scheme solution based on a simple two-dimensional flow model, we simulate freshwater degradation in pumped water which depends on the salinity of freshwater inflow and aquifer thickness.     

A Decision Support System to Manage the Groundwater of the Zeuss Koutine Aquifer Using the WEAP-MODFLOW Framework

This paper describes the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for groundwater management of the ‘Zeuss Koutine’ aquifer in southeastern Tunisia using the WEAP-MODFLOW framework. First, a monthly MODFLOW model was developed to simulate the behaviour of the studied aquifer. A conceptual model of the study area was designed and a WEAP schematic representing the real hydraulic system was developed. In addition to the studied aquifer, other water resources available in the region, such as desalination plants and groundwater, were taken into consideration in this DSS. Inputs to the hydrogeological model include natural recharge and inflow from higher neighbouring aquifers. Outputs are mainly agricultural, touristic and urban water consumption. It was shown that the DSS developed was able to evaluate water management scenarios up to 2030, especially future water consumption, transmission link flow and active cell heads of the MODFLOW model for each time step. Results for the Zeuss Koutine aquifer demonstrated that desalination plants already built in the cities of Jerba and Zarzis have contributed to decreasing the continuous drawdown observed before 1999. The use of a sea water desalination plant to supply Jerba and Zarzis in the future is a solution for reducing the Zeuss Koutine aquifer drawdown. Defining its optimal capacity over time poses a new research question.     

五龙煤矿涌水量及可利用水量评价

为了有效利用五龙煤矿矿坑排水,并对矿坑排水量进行有效预测,在调查分析矿坑涌水量数据的基础上,利用水文学的方法分离矿坑涌水量的稳定和随机成分,并对未来(2010年、2015年、2020年)矿坑涌水量进行预测,据此获得了五龙煤矿可利用设计水量的序列数据。     

Groundwater Exploration and Assessment in Rural Communities of Yobe State, Northern Nigeria

The provision of adequate water supply and sanitation to the rapidly growing urban populations is increasingly becoming a problem for governments throughout the world. The continuing expansion of the numbers of people in cities who need water and sanitation services form a continuous pressure to either invest in additional production capacity or to stretch the available supplies to serve more people. Due to rapid increase in population growth in the Yobe State north of Nigeria, there is a shortage in the water supply to Damaturu city the capital of the state and surrounding villages. At the present the total water supply is about 10,000 m³/day abstracted form the shallow alluvial groundwater aquifer using 29 production wells. Due to the expected increase in water demand and the limited potentiality of shallow aquifer system, other deep aquifers were explored and investigated to evaluate their potentiality for future water demand. Vertical Electrical Sounding Method was used for the geophysical survey of the study area. Groundwater flow model was developed and calibrated against the historical information. Three wellfields were designed to provide Damaturu city and surrounding villages with the required water. The calibrated model has been used to evaluate the aquifer potentiality and the effect of future withdrawals on the deep aquifer system. It was found that the aquifer system within the study area consists of two main layers. The upper layer is the Chad formation comprises an alluvial sand and gravel with intercalation of thin sility clay layers. The second layer is Keri-Keri formation consists of sandstone formation which is not explored before. During this study the Kerri-Kerri aquifer system was investigated as an alternative source for groundwater for future demand. The study presents an integrated groundwater resources management strategy for present and future water supply for rural communities.