基于Wiener模型的pH中和过程非线性DMC控制

化工生产过程中常常涉及到pH值的控制,pH中和过程具有很强的非线性特性。通过对中和过程非线性特性的分析,引入了对象的Wiener模型,将中和过程的非线性特性分离。同时针对线性动态矩阵控制(DMC)存在的问题,采用分层优化的策略,提出了基于此模型的带有自校正参数辨识的非线性动态矩阵控制算法,实现了pH值的高精度控制。该方法具有很强的稳定性和鲁棒性,对于抑制过程流中存在的扰动,取得了比线性预测控制更好的控制效果。     

MODELING AND PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF MIMO NONLINEAR SYSTEMS USING WIENER-LAGUERRE MODELS

In this work, a Weiner-type nonlinear black box model was developed for capturing dynamics of open loop stable MIMO nonlinear systems with deterministic inputs. The linear dynamic component of the model was parameterized using orthogonal Laguerre filters while the nonlinear state output map was constructed either using quadratic polynomial functions or artificial neural networks. The properties of the resulting model, such as open loop stability and steady-state behavior, are discussed in detail. The identified Weiner-Laguerre model was further used to formulate a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme. The efficacy of the proposed modeling and control scheme was demonstrated using two benchmark control problems: (a) a simulation study involving control of a continuously operated fermenter at its optimum (singular) operating point and (b) experimental verification involving control of pH at the critical point of a neutralization process. It was observed that the proposed Weiner-Laguerre model is able to capture both the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of the continuous fermenter as well as the neutralization process reasonably accurately over wide operating ranges. The proposed NMPC scheme achieved a smooth transition from a suboptimal operating point to the optimum (singular) operating point of the fermenter without causing large variation in manipulated inputs. The proposed NMPC scheme was also found to be robust in the face of moderate perturbation in the unmeasured disturbances. In the case of experimental verification using the neutralization process, the proposed control scheme was found to achieve much faster transition to a set point close to the critical point when compared to a conventional gain-scheduled PID controller.     

MODELING AND PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF MIMO NONLINEAR SYSTEMS USING WIENER-LAGUERRE MODELS

In this work, a Weiner-type nonlinear black box model was developed for capturing dynamics of open loop stable MIMO nonlinear systems with deterministic inputs. The linear dynamic component of the model was parameterized using orthogonal Laguerre filters while the nonlinear state output map was constructed either using quadratic polynomial functions or artificial neural networks. The properties of the resulting model, such as open loop stability and steady-state behavior, are discussed in detail. The identified Weiner-Laguerre model was further used to formulate a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme. The efficacy of the proposed modeling and control scheme was demonstrated using two benchmark control problems: (a) a simulation study involving control of a continuously operated fermenter at its optimum (singular) operating point and (b) experimental verification involving control of pH at the critical point of a neutralization process. It was observed that the proposed Weiner-Laguerre model is able to capture both the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of the continuous fermenter as well as the neutralization process reasonably accurately over wide operating ranges. The proposed NMPC scheme achieved a smooth transition from a suboptimal operating point to the optimum (singular) operating point of the fermenter without causing large variation in manipulated inputs. The proposed NMPC scheme was also found to be robust in the face of moderate perturbation in the unmeasured disturbances. In the case of experimental verification using the neutralization process, the proposed control scheme was found to achieve much faster transition to a set point close to the critical point when compared to a conventional gain-scheduled PID controller.     

非线性Hammerstein模型预测控制策略及其在pH中和过程中的应用

所有实际工业过程都包含一定程度的非线性,如pH中和过程由于其本身的强非线性是工业过程控制中具有挑战性的难题,但至今为止仍缺乏有效的非线性控制方法。将基于差分方程模型的模型预测控制策略(model predictive control,MPC)推广到包含一个静态非线性多项式函数和一个线性差分方程动态环节的非线性Hammerstein系统,详细描述了基于静态非线性多项式函数的最优控制作用求解方法,提出了一套新的非线性Hammerstein MPC 控制策略(nonlinear Hammerstein predictive control,NLHPC)。pH中和过程控制仿真和控制实验表明,NLHPC的控制结果好于工业上常用的非线性 PID(nonlinear PID,NL-PID)控制器。     

Model based robust control approach for batch crystallization product design

The paper presents a novel control approach for crystallization processes, which can be used for designing the shape of the crystal size distribution to robustly achieve desired product properties. The approach is based on a robust optimal control scheme, which takes parametric uncertainties into account to provide decreased batch-to-batch variability of the shape of the crystal size distribution. Both open-loop and closed-loop robust control schemes are evaluated. The open-loop approach is based on a robust end-point nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme which is implemented in a hierarchical structure. On the lower level a supersaturation control approach is used that drives the system in the phase diagram according to a concentration versus temperature trajectory. On the higher level a robust model-based optimization algorithm adapts the setpoint of the supersaturation controller to counteract the effects of changing operating conditions. The process is modelled using the population balance equation (PBE), which is solved using a novel efficient approach that combines the quadrature method of moment (QMOM) and method of characteristics (MOC). The proposed robust model based control approach is corroborated for the case of various desired shapes of the target distribution.     

On the tuning of predictive controllers: Impact of disturbances,constraints, and feedback structure

The impact of problem formulation modifications on predictive controller tuning is investigated. First, the proposed tuning method is shown to adapt to disturbance characteristic changes and thus, takes full economic advantage of the scenario. The second topic concerns point‐wise‐in‐time constraints and the impact of constraint infeasibility. Specifically, we shift the tuning question from selection of nonintuitive weighting matrix parameters to that of a few key parameters and results in a rather intuitive trade‐off between expected profit and expected constraint violations. Finally, we show that simple modifications will allow for the consideration of various feedback structures, including computational delay and partial state information. The overall conclusions of the work are that the results of the automated algorithm will help build an intuitive understating of the dynamics of the process and ultimately result in a higher level trade‐off between profit and constraint observance. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3473–3489, 2014     

化工过程强非线性系统的变模型自适应预测控制

提出一种变模型自适应预测控制算法 ;基于非线性状态空间模型 ,通过每步在当前工作点 (非平衡点 )线性化获得线性化子模型 ,以此进行状态反馈预测控制 ,线性化子模型随工作点变化 ,且不限于平衡点。通过pH值控制的对比仿真实验 ,证明其对强非线性过程的控制效果优于传统的多模型预测控制。最后分析讨论了该控制算法存在的几个重要问题 ,并指出与之相关的未来研究方向     

化学反应器控制方案的分析与设计

化学反应器是石油化工、医药等企业常见的生产过程设备,反应机理复杂,是较为典型的单元生产过程.通过对化学反应器控制指标的分析,探讨了间歇反应器、连续反应器及pH值的控制方案,为工程技术人员设计化学反应器过程控制系统提供参考.     

氯乙烯悬浮聚合过程中pH值调节剂的应用研究

通过10L釜小试研究了氯乙烯悬浮聚合体系pH值的变化,并探索了pH值调节剂的种类、用量及加入时间对聚合反应和PVC树脂质量的影响。结果表明：在氯乙烯悬浮聚合过程中,添加pH值调节剂能提高聚合反应速率;在聚合1．0h或1．5h时开始流加pH值调节剂后,聚合分散体系较稳定;添加含NH4^ 的pH值调节剂有利于改善PVC树脂的颗粒皮膜结构、提高PVC树脂的氯乙烯脱吸性能、增塑剂吸收性能、塑化性能及热稳定性能。     

在线技改工程计成功的关键环节——青海水泥股份公司2000t/d级熟料生产线技改工程设计浅谈

设计阶段控制水泥工程造价的措施包括：推行设计招标竞争的机制：推行以设计为主体的工程项目总承包；推行限额设计，运用价值工程管理优化设计方法，加强设计变更的管理，提高设备国产化率；掌握工程造价及物资采购信息，提高投资估算，概算和设计预算的准确性等等。     

一类化工过程多变量系统的自适应非线性预测控制

针对化工过程的一类多变量非线性系统,提出了一种自适应非线性预测控制(ANMPC)算法。在采用递归最小二乘法进行预测模型参数在线辨识的基础上,将系统的静态非线性关系用一个反向传播(BP)神经网络稳态模型来表示,通过稳态模型求得的动态增益来进一步校正预测模型的参数。详述了ANMPC控制器设计步骤,通过在一个多变量pH中和过程中的仿真验证了本算法的可行性和有效性。     

pH值控制下γ-氨基丁酸分批发酵动力学模型

在3.7 L发酵罐中研究短乳杆菌CGMCC NO.1306控制pH=5.0发酵生产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的过程。结果表明,γ-氨基丁酸的发酵过程大致分为菌体生长和产物合成2个阶段。基于Logistic方程和改进的Luedek ing-P iret方程,分2个阶段建立了控制pH=5.0的细胞生长、底物消耗以及GABA合成动力学模型,运用MATLAB 6.0软件处理实验数据和模型,拟合出描述发酵过程的模型参数。经验证,模型的拟合结果和实验值吻合较好,表明此动力学模型对指导GABA的发酵生产具有实际意义。     

模糊非线性内模控制算法及其在pH值控制中的应用

pH值控制过程具有较强的非线性,历来是过程控制研究的一大热点,本文针对pH值控制系统提出了一种基于模糊推理网的非线性内模控制算法（FNIMC）。模糊推理网用于辨识对象的模糊模型;FNIMC由一个逆模控制器和具有一个可调参数的鲁棒滤波器组成。仿真结果表明该算法优于非线性PID调节器,且计算效率高。     

计算机在固定床反应器设计中的应用

用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ对固定床反应器拟均相一维理想流动的数学模型进行了计算机求解,该法直观、通用,可用于辅助设计,优化操作。     

基于强酸当量的pH自适应内模控制

针对pH中和反应过程强烈的非线性和时变性的特点,提出了自适应内模控制方案。该方案结合了非线性内模控制、自适应机制和强酸当量(SAE)的概念。基于弱酸-强碱中和反应系统的数学模型,推导了pH过程内模自适应控制器。仿真实验表明,由该方法设计的pH过程控制系统具有较好的设定值跟踪性能,对负载扰动和模型误差具有较好的鲁棒性,并且针对弱酸-强碱设计的系统也适用于强酸-强碱系统。