RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF LOW-RANK COAL-WATER SLURRIES

The rheological behavior of low-rank coal-water slurries was studied using a Brookfleld Rheolog viscometer. A Sarpy Creek subbituminous coal from Montana, with particle sizes ranging from 0.044 mm to 0.223 mm, was used. The solids concentration in the slurry varied from 15 to 65 weight % and the temperature was maintained constant at 82°F. The rheological behavior of the slurry made from as received coal was compared with that of the slurry made from hot water dried coal

Coal-water slurries, made from both as received and hot water dried coal exhibited pseudoplastic behavior. The shear stress was found to be related to the shear rate by the power law model. As expected, the apparent viscosity was found to increase sharply with solids loading. It was also observed that the apparent viscosities of the slurries made from hot water dried coal were lower than those made from as received coal.     

PREPARATION OF HYDROTHERMALLY TREATED LRC/WATER FUEL SLURRIES

The hot-water coal drying process is a means of thermally beneficiating and dewatering lignite and subbituminous coal for the purpose of preparing dense low-rank coal/water fuel. In hot-water coal drying, which is a form of hydrothermal treatment, low-rank coal in a water slurry is treated at elevated temperatures of 513 to 623  K and at pressures in excess of the equivalent saturated steam pressures lo minimize vaporization of the water. This produces a coal product which contains less than one-third the inherent moisture of the raw coal and which is resistant to moisture reabsorption. The hydrothermally treated coal/water slurry resulting from the process can be concentrated by mechanical means (centrifuge, pressure filter)to form a pumpable coal/water fuel with greater than 60 weight percent bone-dry solids content and with an energy content greater than 15·4 MJ/Kg (6600 Btu/lb). Hydrothermal treatment also beneficiates the coal by reducing oxygen and minerals. Over 94 percent of the energy content of the raw coal remains in the product. Low-rank coal/water fuel is typically a pseudoplastic fluid, and for some low-rank coals, the slurry is stable towards settling, without the use of additives.     

中间相炭微球(MCMB)水基流延浆料流变性能的研究

以Tween80为分散剂,制备中间相炭微球（MCMB）水基流延浆料。实验结果表明,随着MCMB固含量的增加,其黏度也逐渐增大。当分散剂Tween80的质量分数为1．5％时, 电位绝对值可达300mV（pH=2）,MCMB浆料黏度为最低值16．4mPa·s,适当延长球磨时间有助于中间相炭微球颗粒在浆料中分散,当球磨时间8—12h,浆料pH值控制在4—6范围,MCMB固含量为60％时,中间相炭微球（MCMB）浆料黏度最小,流变分散性最好。     

木钠添加剂对水煤浆流变行为的影响研究

研究了木质素磺酸钠(简称木钠)对水煤浆流变行为的影响,包括木钠的浓度和分子量、浆体温度、p H值及木钠与NDF在预剪切条件下的流变性能.结果表明:木钠的添加量超过煤重的0 .8%时,煤浆表观黏度随添加剂的增加而增加.不同分子量的木钠对煤浆的流动性会有不同的影响.分子量在1 0 0 0 0～5 0 0 0 0级分对流变性较为有利.煤浆的温度低于60℃时,煤浆的黏度会不断减少;超过60℃时,黏度会有增加.煤浆溶液在弱酸和弱碱条件下,p H值为9时可使黏度较低.木钠在上述不同的条件下均有较为理想的假塑性.在预剪切实验中,随着预剪切时间的增加煤浆黏度会不断增加.     

分散剂对超细α-Al2O3浆料流变性的影响

以66％丁酮(质量分数,下同)和34％乙醇的共沸混合物为溶剂,测定了α-Al_2O_3超细粉体在该溶剂系统中所得浆料的流变性。研究了三油酸甘油酯(GTO)、蓖麻油(CTO)以及它们的混合物对α-Al_2O_3粉体在该溶剂中的稳定性的影响。实验发现,在0～300 s~(-1)的剪切区,不同条件下测得的流变曲线均符合Casson模型。实验结果显示,同时加入GTO与CTO的浆料,当GTO所占比例在2/3到5/6的范围内时,其流变性明显优于由单种分散剂分散的浆料。     

高浓煤水混合物流变特性

引言 增压流化燃烧用的高固相浓度煤水混合物(又称水煤膏,CWM)是一种由水和一定粒度分布的煤颗粒(有时也加入脱硫剂)直接混合而成的高浓度多级分散悬浮体系,影响其流变我的因素相当复杂.     

Al2O3/NiAl复相陶瓷料浆流变性的研究

本文主要对Al2 O3 NiAl复合体系料浆的稳定分散特征作了初步研究。结果表明 :对Al2 O3和NiAl单体系 ,当溶液的pH >10 .6时 ,颗粒表面的 ζ电位达到最大值 ;当料浆中Al2 O3含量在 40wt %以上时 ,其稳定分散的最佳pH范围为 11～ 12 ,当料浆浓度为40vol%、5 0vol%和 60vol %时 ,最佳分散剂用量分别为 0 .6%、2 .8%和 8.0 % ;对浓度小于 3 0vol %的NiAl料浆 ,最佳pH范围为 9～ 11,分散剂最佳用量为 0 .5 % ;在最佳分散条件下制得的 5 0vol % (Al2 O3 NiAl-2 0 )的复相陶瓷料浆具有良好的稳定分散性     

SYNTHESIS,RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR,AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAFT-TYPE ACS RESIN

Graft-type ACS resin and α-methylstyrene (α-Mst)-containing ACS were synthesized by suspension polymerization. The effect of concentration of initiator and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on reaction was discussed. The graft efficiency (GE) increased with the increasing concentration of initiator in the first stage, but it began to decrease when the initiator concentration exceeded 3.3–3.5×10^?4mol L^?1. The GE decreased gradually with the increasing concentration of PVA. The rheological behavior, mechanical properties, and morphological structure of resins were studied. The rheological behavior became worse with the increasing content of chlorinated polyethylene and the melt is a pseudo-plastic liquid. The impact strength of graft-type ACS resin increased as the content of chlorinated polyethylene increased. The rheological behavior and impact properties of α-Mst-containing ACS resin got better because of the introduction of α-Mst, and the comprehensive properties was the best at the 5% α-Mst content of ACS resin.     

湿法超细研磨中无机材料浆体的流变性研究

概述了无机材料超细粉体机械研磨制备中浆体的流变性能、流变性能的表征方法和流变学行为的经验方程模型.对影响超细粉浆体流变性能的参数(如固相含量、颗粒粒径和分布、形状、温度、pH值及分散剂)进行了讨论.对浆料流变学性能进行最优化以提高超细粉体的产量,降低能耗,提高产品细度.提出了今后的研究重点应放在湿法超细研磨过程中分散剂种类及用量对浆体流变学性能改变机理的研究,并建立可描述浆体流变性能与粉碎参数、分散剂用量、能耗和颗粒大小的数学关系.     

Al2O3料浆流变性能的研究

研究了pH值、分散剂柠檬酸铵添加量、固相含量对Al2O3料浆流变性能的影响.结果表明:当pH为9-10时,当分散剂柠檬酸铵添加量为2wt%时,所制备的Al2O3料浆粘度最低,该料浆流动性能最佳.同时,料浆粘度会随料浆固相含量增加而增加.     

超高分子量聚丙烯腈溶液的流变性

本文研究了超高分子量聚丙烯腈—二甲基亚砜溶液的流变性能,探讨超高分子量聚丙烯腈(UHMW—PAN)的分子量、总固浓度及不同的毛细管长径比对纺丝原液的粘度、非牛顿流动指数、结构粘度指数、最大松弛时间的影响,并探讨了与原液可纺性的关系,为纺制高强高模聚丙烯腈纤维和能耐反冲洗的聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜提供了依据。     

含盐氮化硅浆料粘弹性的研究

反离子的价态和浓度往往是制约浓悬浮体浆料制备的关键因素。本工作以含有不同氯化钠浓度的２０ｖｏｌ．％氮化硅浆料（ｐＨ＝１１）为研究对象,借助于流变仪,通过稳态和动态扫描的方法研究了介质中盐浓度对浆料流动行为和粘弹行为的影响,得到与经典ＤＬＶＯ理论不相一致的结果,并且这些流变参数之间具有较好的一致性。     

尼龙11的流变性能研究

使用XLY -Ⅱ型流变仪研究了尼龙 11的流变特性。实验结果表明 ,尼龙 11为假塑性流体。在不同温度下 ,其非牛顿指数为 0 .6～ 0 .7。由于其表观粘流活化能较大 ,故熔体特性受温度影响较大。     

Energy Analysis of Low-Rank Coal Pre-Drying Power Generation Systems

Low-rank coal (LRC) is widely used for power generation in many regions of the world. However, due to the high moisture content of LRC, the overall efficiency of LRC-fired power plants without a pre-drying system is relatively low. Studies show that the overall efficiency can be improved by pre-drying the coal, and the fluidized bed drying technique is found to be a desirable choice because of its high drying rate, high processing capacity, and low maintenance cost. In this paper, two novel, fluidized-bed, LRC pre-drying systems were integrated into a 1000 MW LRC-fired power plant. Superheated steam and hot air were used as the fluidizing medium. Models for each component of these power generation systems were developed based on material and energy balances. The performances of these power plants were calculated under the typical operating conditions, and parametric analyses were also performed to evaluate the effect of operating parameters. The power generation efficiency is found to increase remarkably with a properly operated LRC pre-drying system.     

NON-IDEALITIES IN THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SUSPOEMULSIONS

The viscous flow behaviour of four sets of suspoemulsions (mixtures of suspensions and emulsions) is investigated. Three sets were aqueous systems and one set was a non-aqueous system. In any given set the starting components, i.e. the pure suspension and the pure emulsion, had the same dispersed-phase concentration (volume fraction) and the same continuous-phase, and they were mixed in various proportions to obtain the suspoemulsions. The rheological behaviour of the pure emulsions, in all four sets, was nearly Newtonian. The pure suspensions were Newtonian, yield-pseudoplastic, yield-pseudoplastic, and shear-thickening, respectively. The suspoemulsions are found to exhibit non-ideal behaviour i.e.. the viscosity of the suspoemulsions does not vary linearly with the volume percentage of emulsion droplets in the mixed dispersed-phase. Both positive and negative deviations from ideal behaviour are observed. The reasons for the observed non-ideal behaviour are discussed in terms of heteroflocculation (flocculalion between emulsion droplets and solid particles), dilution, and screening effects.     

低阶煤与浒苔低温共热解产物特性研究

采用自行设计的低温干馏装置,将不同配比下的低阶煤-浒苔混合物进行低温共热解,考察随着浒苔配入量的增加各热解产物的产率和品质的变化.结果表明,当浒苔配入量为30%时,焦油产率达到最大值11.39%,比低阶煤单独热解提高了28.61%.此时,热解焦油中烷烃类含量为48.66%,酚类含量为9.12%,明显高于原始焦油中相应组分的含量,热解焦油的n(H)∶n(C)提高了9.87%,表明热解焦油达到了一定程度的轻质化.同时煤气成分中CH4和H2的含量有所增大.SEM检测显示,混合热解时半焦表面变得粗糙,形成了明显的裂纹中心.混合热解的半焦热值相对于浒苔单独热解的半焦热值有显著提高.     

间苯二甲酸共聚酯的流变特性

对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ＰＥＴ）中加入间苯二甲酸的无规共聚酯（Ａ２）的流变性能进行了研究。结果表明：Ａ２熔体是切力变稀流体;共聚酯大分子中第三组分的加入,使体系粘度降低,粘流活化能比ＰＥＴ高,表明共聚酯粘度对温度的敏感性较大;同一温度下,共聚酯的非牛顿指数比常规聚酯的高,说明共聚酯的流动偏离牛顿流体的程度小;共聚酯的弹性雷诺指数有所升高,但相对于常规聚酯的变化量不大。     

PAA-PEO对ZrO2-H2O悬浮液流变性能的影响

利用一种新型的分散剂—梳型共聚物poly（acrylic acid）-pofy（ethyfene oxide）（PAA—PEO）,研究了pH、分散剂的添加量及固含量对ZrO2-H2O悬浮液的流变性能的影响。结果表明：在pH为3、PAA-PEO的添加量为0．3wt％,ZrO2-H2O悬浮液的粘度最低;固含量在31vol％以下时,浆料都保持稳定状态;随着固含量的增加,浆料的粘度也增加,当固含量达到33vol％时,浆料呈现出明显的剪切变稀行为。     

HDPE在振动场中挤出成型时的流变行为

利用自行研制的新型液压振动挤出装置研究了高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）在振动场中挤出成型时的流变行为。研究表明,HDPE熔体在振动场中的表观粘度与振动频率、振幅、口模温度和挤出机螺杆转速均有关,随着振动频率的增加,表观粘度先降至最低值,然后回升到一定程度后基本保持不变,但始终低于未施加振动时的表观粘度;振幅越大,振动场对表观粘度的影响就越大;口模温度超过熔点时,振动场对表观粘度的影响有所增大;螺杆转速越大,振动场对表观粘度的影响就越小。     

8%Y2O3-ZrO2水基料浆的流变性质研究

详细研究了固含量、球磨时间、分散剂用量和pH值对8％摩尔分数Y2O3稳定ZrO2水基料浆流变性质的影响。结果表明：料浆均表现出剪切变稀行为，且为假塑性流体。确定了最佳实验参数，当pH=10，分散剂用量为2％体积分数，球磨24h的ZrO2水基料浆，稳定性好，适合于成型薄片ZrO2固体电解质材料，并最终制备出体积分数为56％，适合浇注的ZrO2陶瓷料浆。