7075铝合金FSW接头腐蚀疲劳性能及断裂特征

以7075-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头为研究对象,对其显微组织结构、3.5% NaCl(质量分数)溶液腐蚀疲劳寿命和腐蚀疲劳断裂特征进行了研究,分析了7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的腐蚀疲劳性能及断裂过程.结果表明,7075-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线方程为lgN=5.845-0.014S,随着应力幅增大,腐蚀疲劳寿命大幅度降低;腐蚀疲劳裂纹起源于接头的热影响区,逐渐扩展最终断裂于接头的焊核区.腐蚀疲劳断口存在多个裂纹源,且受到应力集中作用的影响,裂纹源萌生于腐蚀坑处.高应力作用加剧了试样边角部分的腐蚀损伤,导致边角比平面位置腐蚀程度更严重.裂纹扩展区出现了明显的晶间断裂和疲劳辉纹;在腐蚀介质和交变载荷的共同作用下,裂纹扩展区腐蚀程度最重,晶界处产生了阳极溶解现象并产生了“冰糖块状”和“蚁巢状”的形貌特征;瞬断区产生了大量解理台阶和二次裂纹,为脆性断裂,在第二相粒子分布区域存在孔洞形貌特征.     

航空铝合金搅拌摩擦焊疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究

通过高频疲劳实验,对航空铝合金LC4CS和7075-T6搅拌摩擦焊预制裂纹穿焊缝中心、预制裂纹穿焊缝前进边、预制裂纹穿焊缝后退边、预制裂纹垂直于焊缝四种形式的焊接接头疲劳性能进行了研究,LC4CS铝合金FSW接头抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力不如7075-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头,但是相差不大.IIW疲劳试验设计标准对于FSW接头是比较保守的.该实验为建立合理的搅拌摩擦焊接接头的疲劳评定规范提供重要依据,从而推动了搅拌摩擦焊接技术在航天领域的广泛应用.     

激光-电弧复合焊接7075-T6铝合金疲劳断裂特性

研究激光一电弧复合焊接2mm板7075-T6铝合金在不同应力比尺和应力幅σa下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为．结果表明,优选的复合焊工艺参数激光功率3kW、电流110A和焊接速度3m／min条件下接头和母材的疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线存在交叉现象,即当应力强度因子幅△K小于15．6MPa·m1/2。时,接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率小于母材,反之则接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率大于母材．而对应同一△K值,高应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率快于低应力比条件下的扩展速率．应力幅或平均应力是影响疲劳裂纹扩展特性的主要因素．     

7075-T6铝合金激光-MIG复合焊焊接接头疲劳寿命原位研究

本文对7075-T6铝合金激光复合焊焊接接头的疲劳寿命进行了探究。结果表明：疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳寿命之间存在着一定的比例关系。对于母材试样,该比值为64.5%;而对于焊接接头试样,该比值为20.2%。疲劳断口表面观察发现,母材试样的疲劳断口上存在大量韧窝,而焊接接头试样疲劳断口上存在许多气孔。这些气孔被认为是引起焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生寿命急剧下降的主要原因。     

7075-T6铝合金激光-MIG复合焊焊接接头疲劳寿命原位研究（英文）

对7075-T6铝合金激光复合焊焊接接头的疲劳寿命进行了探究。结果表明:疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳寿命之间存在着一定的比例关系。对于母材试样,该比值为64.5%;而对于焊接接头试样,该比值为20.2%。疲劳断口表面观察发现,母材试样的疲劳断口上存在大量韧窝,而焊接接头试样疲劳断口上存在许多气孔。这些气孔被认为是引起焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生寿命急剧下降的主要原因。     

基于原位SEM的激光-MIG复合焊接7075-T6铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为

通过扫描电镜原位观察激光复合焊接头各区裂纹的扩展行为. 结果表明,焊缝各区组织的不同使得疲劳裂纹扩展行为发生明显改变,疲劳裂纹位于焊缝中心时,裂纹总体沿着垂直于载荷主轴的方向扩展;疲劳裂纹位于热影响区时,裂纹大致成"Z"字型路径进行扩展;疲劳裂纹在焊缝中心和热影响区扩展时都存在二次裂纹;疲劳裂纹在母材区扩展时,呈现出单一和典型的裂纹扩展模式. 此外,通过原位SEM观察获得不同循环周期下的裂纹扩展长度,进而推算得到7075-T6铝合金接头各区内疲劳裂纹扩展速率的Paris公式.     

基于等效裂纹初始尺寸的断裂力学疲劳评定

先采用裂纹模拟法对Al6082-T6铝管搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头的疲劳强度进行评定,通过将接头模拟成带标准裂纹的构件来计算焊接接头等效应力强度因子范围,并与接头裂纹扩展门槛值比较来判断焊接件是否发生疲劳失效,结果表明,裂纹模拟法能够对Al6082-T6搅拌摩擦焊接头做出合理的疲劳评定。将裂纹模拟法中模拟的裂纹尺寸作为断裂力学中的裂纹初始尺寸用于预测Al6082-T6铝管接头的疲劳寿命,预测结果良好,误差基本在3倍因子之内,结果偏保守,工程应用安全。     

2024-T4铝合金FSW接头疲劳裂纹扩展行为及寿命预测

基于ABAQUS与FRANC 3D联合仿真的方法,对2024-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头预制裂纹于不同部位的紧凑拉伸试样进行裂纹扩展分析以及寿命预测,并深入分析不同部位裂纹扩展行为存在差异性的原因.结果表明,随着裂纹长度的不断延长,裂纹尖端应力强度因子随之增大,且裂纹向前扩展路径基本沿直线扩展,ABAQUS与FRANC 3D联合仿真方法分析不同部位的裂纹尖端应力强度因子和裂纹扩展路径的理论计算和试验结果基本吻合,验证了分区域进行联合仿真的模型精度满足要求.不同部位裂纹扩展试样寿命预测结果与试验结果的相对误差均在5%左右,对焊接接头分区域联合仿真进行寿命预测是准确可行的.裂纹位于不同部位的扩展试样断口处的疲劳辉纹间距不同导致预制裂纹于3个部位的疲劳寿命由低到高为：热影响区、垂直于焊缝方向、焊核区.     

搅拌摩擦焊AA7075-T651铝合金接头的疲劳裂纹扩展(英文)

研究12 mm厚AA7075-T651铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。从搅拌摩擦焊接头以及母材中截取试样,对试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展实验。对搅拌摩擦焊接头以及母材的横向拉伸性能进行评估。用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析焊接接头的显微组织。用扫描电镜观察试样的断裂表面。与母材相比,焊接接头的ΔKcr降低了10×10-3 MPa·m1/2。搅拌摩擦焊AA7075-T651接头的疲劳寿命明显低于母材的,其原因可归结于焊缝区的析出相在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的溶解。     

TA15钛合金薄板激光-TIG复合焊接头疲劳性能研究

针对复合热源焊接在钛合金航空结构件的应用,开展了2.5 mm厚TA15钛合金薄板激光-TIG电弧复合热源对接结构焊接试验。并对TIG焊接头、复合热源焊接接头和母材进行了疲劳测试分析,分别计算各自在不同应力水平下的中值疲劳寿命,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合热源焊接接头疲劳试样断口进行观察以了解断裂路径。结果表明:复合热源焊接接头疲劳断裂发生在热影响区,复合热源焊接接头疲劳寿命大于TIG焊接头,在560、672、784、896 MPa应力水平下时复合热源接头疲劳寿命分别为母材的91.5%、90.6%、82.7%、84%。。断口由疲劳源区、裂纹稳定扩展区和瞬断区组成,起裂源位于试件表面。     

Effect of welding heat input and post-weld aging time on microstructure and mechanical properties in dissimilar friction stir welded AA7075–AA5086

The effects of welding heat input and post-weld heat treatment on the mechanical and microstructural aspects of dissimilar friction stir welds of age-hardened AA7075-T6 and strain hardenable AA5086-H32 aluminium alloys were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) residual stress analysis and tensile testing together with optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to assess the effects of process parameters on welded joints. It was discovered that joints produced without heat sink exhibited more homogeneous stir zones than other joints. Of the natural aging time studied, higher amount of solid solution during rapid cooling of welds produced higher driving force for increase in hardness in the AA7075 side during natural aging. Natural aging within stirring zone and thermo-mechanical affected zone of AA7075 side resulted in a 10 to 25 MPa reduction in the residual stress in these zones; its effect decreased considerably in the welds performed without heat sink. In addition, natural aging had no noticeable effect on the joint strength.     

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on joint properties of dissimilar friction stir welded 2024-T4 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys

The effect of post-weld heat treatment on dissimilar friction stir welded AA7075 and AA2024 joints was studied. After welding in constant parameters, solution heat treatment and various aging treatments were given to the welded joints. Microstructural and phase characterizations were done using optical microscope, SEM, FE-SEM, XRD and EDS techniques. Finally, mechanical properties of post-weld heat treated joints were evaluated and compared with as-welded joints. Results show that both 2024-T6 and 7075-T6 post-weld heat treatment procedures considerably improve the mechanical strength of the welded joint, with higher strength obtained for the 7075-T6 procedure, in comparison with the as-welded joint. This is explained by the formation of fine precipitates during the aging process, despite the abnormal grain growth. Fracture occurs at the interface between thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) on the retreating side (AA7075) of as-welded joint, while by applying post-weld heat treatment fracture location shifts towards the stir zone (SZ) of the welded joint. Also, for post-weld heat treated samples, fracture surface is predominantly inter-granular, while in as-weld joint, fracture surface is mostly trans-granular. This is explained by dissolution and coarsening of precipitates within grains in post-weld heat treated joints.     

AA7075铝合金熔化极气体保护焊十字接头根部失效疲劳寿命的预测

通过建立一经验公式来预测熔化极气体保护焊十字接头根部失效的疲劳寿命。采用高强可时效硬化的AA7075-T6铝合金作为基材进行焊接实验。实验设计概念被用来优化进行疲劳实验所需要的次数。在一伺服液压控制疲劳实验机上进行疲劳实验,实验采用恒定荷载。采用所建立的经验公式,预测的熔化极气体保护焊十字接头根部失效疲劳寿命可达到95%的可信度水平。详细讨论了十字接头尺寸对疲劳寿命的影响。     

Effect of friction welding conditions and aging treatment on mechanical properties of A7075-T6 aluminium alloy friction joints

Abstract

This article describes the effect of friction welding conditions and aging treatment on the mechanical properties of type 7075-T6 aluminium alloy (A7075) friction welded joints. A7075 was joined by using a continuous drive friction welding machine with an electromagnetic clutch in order to prevent braking deformation during as rotation speed decreases. That is, it was welded by using the 'Low Heat Input Friction Welding Method' (LHI method) developed by the authors, in which heat input is lower than in the conventional method. The maximum joint efficiency at a friction pressure of 30 MPa was approximately 25%, and that at 90 MPa was approximately 64%. These joints were made without forge pressure. The low joint efficiency was due to the existence of non-joined regions at the welded interfaces. However, the welded joint had approximately 82% joint efficiency when the friction time was 0·5 s at a friction pressure of 90 MPa with a forge pressure of 180 MPa. The welded joint softened at the welded interface and its adjacent region. It had approximately 90% joint efficiency after aging for 730 days at room temperature (natural aging). It also had approximately 95% joint efficiency after aging for 48 h at 393 K (120°C), and had no softened region at the welded interface. The heat input of the welded joint with the LHI method could be decreased to approximately 50% of that with the conventional method. The LHI method has several advantages for A7075 friction welding; less heat input than with the conventional method, and light post-weld processing (machining, etc.) because the flash can be minimised.     

梯形波纹腹板焊接梁疲劳寿命分析

针对梯形波纹腹板焊接梁结构,分别基于不同的表征应力方法(名义应力法、热点应力法、等效结构应力法)建立梁结构的有限元模型,研究焊缝处各表征应力的分布规律,分析裂纹产生的位置,计算疲劳寿命,比较不同表征应力的评定效果.结果表明,名义应力和热点应力的分布曲线相似,存在一定的波纹特性,但根据波纹变化无法准确判断裂纹产生位置及预测疲劳寿命;等效结构应力分布曲线的波纹变化特性十分显著,可较好地预测裂纹产生位置并较准确地估算疲劳寿命.因此建议采用等效结构应力作为梯形波纹腹板焊接梁结构的寿命控制参量.     

厚板铝合金FSW和MIG焊接接头疲劳性能

对厚度10 mm的6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和MIG焊接接头的疲劳强度进行了试验研究,并与6082-T6母材疲劳性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,6082-T6母材的疲劳S-N曲线最高、MIG焊接接头S-N曲线度最低,而FSW接头的疲劳S-N曲线近似位于两者之间;在高应力区FSW疲劳强度低于MIG焊接接头、而在低应力区高于MIG焊接接头.大部分FSW试样疲劳裂纹启始于焊缝根部的"弱连接"缺陷,采用机械加工去掉1.4 mm厚度焊缝根部材料后,FSW疲劳强度明显提高并接近母材数据.厚板6082-T6铝合金FSW焊缝根部质量控制是影响疲劳性能的关键因素.