激光干涉仪无线测控的设计和实现

针对传统激光干涉仪需要手动调节光学部件问题,设计并开发了一种激光干涉仪无线测控系统,该系统可以无线调节激光干涉仪光学部件的位置。系统采用nRF2401无线射频技术,与传统的nRF2401运用相比,该系统采用奇偶校验和CRC校验的双重校验,提高无线射频传输数据的正确率。同时系统采用闭环控制,提高了激光干涉仪的精确度和稳定性,避免了光学部件的过量调节对激光干涉仪的损伤。     

基于受激布里渊散射的自调Q掺铒光纤激光器简化模型

文中分析了在980nm低功率连续泵浦源泵浦的条件下基于瑞利(RS)受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应的掺铒光纤激光器的自调Q过程。根据泵浦功率与重复频率、有效单模光纤长度与输出功率、有效单模光纤长度与脉冲宽度(FWHM)以及光纤干涉环分光比与输出功率等关系,通过仿真得知单模光纤长度为10m和光纤干涉环分光比为70:30时的输出功率最大,得到了最佳有效单模光纤长度和最佳光纤干涉环分光比,优化了激光器结构参数,并建立了自调Q掺铒光纤激光器的简化模型。     

半导体激光器高精度稳频输出控制系统

为了在光纤干涉仪中得到光源高精度稳频输出,采用高稳定度的恒温控制以及功率稳恒控制方法,通过高信噪比的运算放大器、半导体制冷器,设计了一种激光电源驱动系统,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。其能为半导体激光器提供温度控制精度在±0.01℃,制冷驱动电流可达800mA,同时使得半导体激光器输出波长控制精度在±0.1nm,驱动电流最大输出可达180mA,输出电流的稳定度为10-4~10-5。结果表明,该系统不仅结构简单,而且温度控制稳定、准确度高,可使半导体激光器的输出波长保持稳定,保证了干涉型光纤传感器的测量准确度以及在通信领域中的应用。     

Microwave signal generation using an optical self-heterodyne technique

A new technique for mixing optical waves to generate microwave-frequency signals using an injection laser diode and a fibre-optic interferometer is reported. A beat signal is produced by interfering light from the laser with light from the same laser emitted earlier at a different frequency. The interferometer consists of an evanescent-field fibre coupler joined to a length of single-mode optical fibre. The laser is tuned by pulsed or bipolar current waveforms superimposed on a DC bias current. Feedback from an external cavity stabilises the laser frequency and reduces its linewidth. Efficient mixing at difference frequencies from 250 MHz to 2 GHz is obtained, with spectral widths of less than 1% of the centre frequency.     

一种测量液体旋光特性的共光路外差干涉技术

为了提高旋光特性检测的灵敏度,设计搭建了一套基于塞曼效应的共光路外差干涉仪应用于旋光液体的旋光特性检测.采用塞曼效应激光器作为光源能发出两束正交线偏光,简化了实验装置的复杂性;且在系统中利用平衡检测与差动放大器,可降低激光器本身与外部环境所造成的大部分噪声,从而提高检测灵敏度.结果表明,对(0～50)mg/dL的低浓度葡萄糖水溶液的旋光特性测量,其检测灵敏度可达2.3×10-5(°).这种结构简单的干涉仪可应用于固态、液体或气态旋光物质的旋光特性分析中.     

激光超声与皮肤的作用机理及其振动检测系统

为了探索激光超声在生物组织无损探测方面的应用,用有限元方法研究脉冲激光激发皮肤产生超声波的机理,并构建一个具有较高检测灵敏度的光学干涉系统。首先,在建立由表皮、真皮和皮下脂肪构成的皮肤模型的基础上,研究脉冲激光激发皮肤产生超声波机理的数值分析技术;其次,用解析的方法论述光学外差干涉法检测微弱超声振动的基本原理;最后,构建一种线偏振光外差干涉实验系统。结果显示．用主频为62．42KHz、幅值为74V的方波信号激励超声探头作为振动信号源,测得振动信号频率和幅值分别为62．38KHz和76．4mV。表明有限元方法是研究激光超声机理的一个有效手段,所构建的干涉系统可用于微弱超声振动检测的实验研究。切形     

Autocorrelation function measurements with fibre interferometers

A polarisation-maintaining single-mode-fibre interferometer is described. The combination of a stress-induced birefringent fibre and its temperature change offers an interferometer with a very accurate optical delay line. Using the interferometer the autocorrelation function of a semiconductor laser is measured directly.     

Coherence of a room-temperature CW GaAs/GaAlAs injection laser

The temporal coherence of a stripe-geometry double-heterojunction GaAs/GaAlAs laser operating CW at room temperature was determined. A heterodyne detection scheme was used involving the mixing of the laser field with a frequency-shifted and time-delayed image of itself in an interferometer. Because the laser device oscillated in several longitudinal modes, the autocorrelation function of its output exhibited resonances for specific time delays. The rate at which the amplitude of these resonances decreased with increasing time delays provided a measure of an apparent coherence length associated with individual longitudinal modes. The coherence length, so defined, was found to increase linearly with drive current in excess of threshold. This observation is interpreted as evidence that the intrinsic linewidth of a longitudinal mode is inversely proportional to the coherent optical power in that mode. Apparent coherence lengths were a few centimeters for a few milliwatts of total optical power emitted per facet. For a perfectly balanced interferometer, a sharp heterodyne beat signal was also observed when the laser device was operated considerably below threshold, i.e., in the LED mode.     

基于等光频细分重采样的调频干涉测距方法

为了解决调频连续波(FMCW)激光器调制非线性导致的测量信号频谱展宽降低激光干涉测距精度的问题, 采用一种基于等光频细分重采样的调频干涉测距方法, 进行了理论分析和实验验证, 获得了双光路测距系统对不同位置目标信号等光频细分重采样后的波形数据, 并进行了频谱分析。结果表明, 通过等光频细分重采样的方法, 使用细分后的时钟信号点对距离大于辅助干涉光路光程差的目标测量信号进行重采样, 消除了激光器的调制非线性的影响, 并且避免了采样点数不足引起信号失真的问题; 在4.3m测量范围内, 等光频细分重采样测距系统与激光干涉仪相比最大残余误差不超过±18.46μm, 最大测量标准差为23.39μm; 该方法使用的辅助干涉光路光程差很短, 受环境的影响较小, 可以获得稳定的时钟信号, 并且可以减少双光路FMCW测距系统的体积与成本。该研究为长距离、高精度调频连续波测量提供了实用参考。     

基于多波长光学系统结构的透射波前检测

基于多波长波前检测技术的实际需要,设计了多波长激光干涉仪光学结构。结构基于菲索干涉原理,使用分光棱镜集成5个波长的激光光源。通过笼式系统减小了光学结构各部分的同轴误差,采用消色差镜头作为干涉系统的准直系统和成像系统,缩短了调整准直系统行程的同时,也减小了系统内部光学系统的色差。使用该光学结构对光学系统进行测量,采用转换多项式法计算的Zernike系数-波长曲线符合预测结果。多波长激光干涉仪光学结构提高了多波长透射波前的检测效率,有利于多波长透射波前检测技术的工程化和推广,并为新仪器的开发提供了借鉴。     

多因素影响下法布里-珀罗干涉仪透射频谱特性

法布里-珀罗(F-P)干涉仪是具有重要科研和实用价值的光学仪器,能广泛应用于光学鉴频、锁频以及光谱超精细结构的测量研究。然而,在实际应用中干涉仪的频谱特性将受到诸多因素的影响。从入射光束发散角、入射光频谱、干涉仪平板吸收损耗、平板表面缺陷和不平行度等因素对F-P干涉仪频谱特性的影响做了深入的研究。在考虑了上述诸多实际因素情况下,理论上导出了F-P干涉仪的透射频谱函数的一般表达式;定量给出了由发散角引起的透射频谱整体平移量;提出了等效发射激光谱宽的概念,将入射光束发散角、入射光频谱、干涉仪平板表面缺陷和不平行度等对透射频谱的展宽效应合并处理,给出了定量的等效关系式。这些结果可为法布里-珀罗干涉仪的设计与应用提供借鉴。     

用于在线检测的紧凑型多测量模式干涉仪

光学干涉仪由于高精度、全口径、非接触特点在光学元件的检测中具有极其广泛的应用。针对光学元件加工在线检测需要,提出了一种紧凑型的多测量模式瞬态干涉仪。该系统可同时实现单波长激光干涉、多波长激光干涉以及LED干涉显微测量等多种工作模式,以分别满足不同动态范围宏观面形以及表面粗糙度等显微结构的干涉检测。针对在线检测应用中复杂的环境振动影响,系统采用偏振相机来实现瞬态的偏振移相波前检测。为验证系统方案的可行性,对测量系统的主要误差因素进行了分析,并对不同工作模式下的金刚石车削机床在线检测结果与Zygo激光干涉仪和Zygo光学轮廓仪进行了比对实验,同时也利用多波长技术对自由曲面进行了在线检测。结果表明该系统可实现高精度的多测量模式,并且还可以满足大动态范围波前测量要求。该系统结构紧凑,整体尺寸仅为195 mm×160 mm×65 mm,极其适合车削机床的在线安装及检测。同时系统基于瞬态波前检测,具有对环境扰动不敏感的特点,在机床对中工具在线调整以及加工元件等在线检测中具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于自准直原理的小视场镜头波像差测试系统

为实现对小视场光学镜头波像差的快速、高精度检测,将自准直原理与斐索型激光球面干涉仪检测波像差原理结合起来,提出一种基于自准直原理的光学镜头波像差检测系统。介绍了斐索型激光球面干涉仪检测波像差的工作原理,并详细论述了基于自准直原理的波像差检测系统的装调及检测方法。结合自准直光路的特点,实现对干涉仪光轴、被测光学镜头光轴以及高精度平面反射镜光轴的精确定轴,从而实现了系统光路的快速装调。实验证明,此系统可有效解决小视场光学镜头在波像差检测过程中的光轴偏斜问题,实现小视场光学镜头波像差快速、准确的检测。     

Effect of laser-diode power change on optical heterodyneinterferometry

A dynamic interferometer with a frequency-ramped laser diode (LD) has been constructed that is based on an optical heterodyne technique. Effect of LD power change on the optical heterodyne interferometry has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. A general formulation of the interferometry has been presented in which the demodulation scheme is analyzed in the frequency domain by Fourier-transforming a beat signal. Phase errors caused by the LD-power variation alter sinusoidally with the same period as the interference beat signal. The error can be eliminated by using an amplitude-stabilized, frequency-modulated laser diode source in the interferometer. The stabilization of the LD amplitude can be achieved by a feedback system with a superluminescent diode as an external light-power controller     

光程差倍增的纳米级精度激光干涉仪

介绍了一种新型的纳米级精度位移测量激光干涉仪。提出了耦合差动干涉的新方法。通过对光程差进行倍增 ,提高了干涉仪的分辨率和稳定性。该干涉仪结构简洁紧凑 ,光路布局对称性好 ,不存在死光程 ,容易装调 ,符合阿贝原则和结构变形最小原则 ,在 10 mm (可以扩展至 50 mm )测量范围内 ,获得了λ/16 0 0的分辨率和纳米级的测量精度。     

In-line optical phase-sensitive amplifier with pump light sourcecontrolled by optical phase-lock loop

This paper describes an in-line optical phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) with a pump laser whose optical phase is locked to that of a randomly modulated signal by using an optical phase-lock loop (OPLL). The OPLL is designed with the capability of optical phase locking at an arbitrary relative phase. Experimental evaluation is presented of the OPLL employing a newly developed external cavity semiconductor ring laser with a spectrum linewidth of less than 20 kHz. Employing this pump laser with the OPLL in conjunction with a 4.4-km long nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer (NFSI) yields optical phase-sensitive gain of up to 11 dB. A randomly modulated signal is successfully amplified and confirmed offering a clear eye-opening     

Measurement of frequency stability in tunable lasers by using an F-P interferometer

A method for measuring the frequency stability of tunable laser is proposed by using confocal Fabry-Perot（F-P）interferometer.The F-P interferometer is used to get the output frequency of the laser as a reference,and the method eliminates the need of an independent optical source as a frequency reference.Using this technique,the frequency stability of the tunable external-cavity diode laser（ECDL）is measured to be 2.26×10~（-9）with an integration time of 20 ms.     

Semiconductor laser FSK modulation and optical direct discrimination detection

FSK signals are generated in an AlGaAs double heterostructure laser by employing an electrical equalising circuit to compensate for its nonuniform FM modulation characteristics. A 10?9 bit error rate is achieved at a 100 Mbit/s data rate in the optical direct discrimination detection with a Michelson interferometer. The optical FSK discrimination detection performance is studied in terms of receiving signal power level and laser spectral linewidth.     

基于马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的可调谐掺镱光纤激光器

A ring-shaped all fiber tunable Yb-doped fiber laser with tuning range over 20 nm is demonstrated by using a fiber Mach-Zenhder interferometer as an intra-cavity filter which is constructed with two 3-dB optical couplers. The method for fabricating the fiber Mach-Zenhder interferometer is detailed. The fiber laser has a moderate milli-Watt level output power over the whole tuning range from 1050 to 1071 nm, a side-band suppression ratio greater than 45 dB, and a bandwidth less than 0.1 nm.     

Linearizing optical frequency-sweep of a laser diode for FMCWreflectometry

We propose and demonstrate a novel linearizing method of optical frequency-sweep of a laser diode for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) reflectometry. In order to linearly sweep the optical frequency, we adopt a reference interferometer and an electric phase comparator. The interference beat signal of the reference interferometer is phase-compared with an external reference rectangular signal having a fixed frequency near the interference beat signal frequency by a lock-in amplifier. The error signal from the lock-in amplifier is fed back to the modulating signal of the injection current of the laser. Thus, a phase-locked loop composed of optical and electric circuits can be established, and the beat signal frequency is locked to the frequency of the reference signal. The optical frequency of the laser diode is, therefore, excellently linearly swept in time. In order to experimentally confirm the linearity of the proposed method, we apply this frequency-swept laser diode to the FMCW reflectometry. Resultingly, the improvement of the linearity is estimated to be about 10 dB. And the theoretically limited spatial resolution of the FMCW reflectometry is achieved. The backscattered light in optical waveguide devices is measured by the FMCW reflectometry using the proposed light source, and the propagation loss of a single-mode glass waveguide is successfully evaluated