特型薄壁U型钢管自动堆垛收集装置的研究

主要对薄壁U型钢管堆垛收集装置及收集方法的难点加以分析,并根据实际生产工艺的要求,设计出薄壁U型钢管自动堆垛收集装置,以实现大尺寸U型钢管在制造厂内的自动收集、垂直堆垛,满足核电专用管的吊运、储存、包装及运输过程中的收集需要。     

钢铁冶金生产物流中无轨运输车辆应用研究

近年来,物流问题越来越受到国内外各大钢铁生产企业的重视。钢铁冶金生产的厂内物流不同于其他行业,其主要特征有:厂内物流量巨大、厂内物流模式参差不齐、运输作业点多面广、运输质量和安全要求高等特点,总而言之,中国钢铁企业厂内物流未来的发展目标是:在注重绿色环保,保证低碳经济的大前提下,力求用最少的运力,走最短的路程,经最少的环节,花最低的费用,耗最少的时间完成厂内物流运输作业,无轨运输在越来越多的范围替代了铁路运输,无轨化运输以其投资小、占地少、机动灵活、运行畅通、效率高等优点已经成为发展趋势。     

某钢厂废钢运输新工艺

本文通过对现有废钢运输方式的比较,论述了某钢厂新废钢运输工艺的特点,并简单地介绍了该布置在某钢厂的实际应用情况。     

电炉炼钢厂废钢运输综述

本文论述了电炉炼钢厂中废钢设施与废钢运输的重要地位，废话钢设施的聚散和位置与总布局的密切联系，以及废钢运输工具应与先进的工艺技术相适应。     

废钢质量及技术条件的初步意见

我国的废钢来源有两种,一种是由厂外购入,另一种是由厂内回收;尤其自产返回钢(如炼钢的汤道、注余、轧、锻切头等)为钢铁冶炼良好的原料。对于钢铁冶炼工厂的平炉、电炉及转炉所用的钢铁废料管理情况及技术条件初步意见略述如下: 甲、平炉炼钢所用的废钢必须乾净,不含杂质及无过多的铁锈。一、根据废钢重量来说,可分为两种:第一种为重废钢,如废钢胚、板胚或废钢锭等,其重量较大,熔化时间较长,不易氧化;另一种为轻废钢,如钢屑或其他较轻的废钢件,如机器零件及各种废薄板、小     

半挂式废钢运输车设计

介绍了一种新型转炉专用半挂式废钢运输车的设计,这种废钢运输车为钢铁厂转炉车间的废钢运输、冶炼提供了一种新型方式;采用有限元分析软件对拖车车架的强度进行了校核。     

铁路废钢车端墙改造

铁路废钢车端墙变形严重，会影响电炉废钢运送，危及铁路行车安全。通过对废钢车的端墙改造，降低车辆破损率，确保运输安全，并节约了检修费用。     

钢铁企业物流业务优化思路

<正>总图生产物流方面:充分利用已淘汰和将要淘汰设施的土地资源,对全厂总平面布置进行合理优化;在工艺稳定顺行的前提下,使物料运输高效顺畅;优化金属平衡和物流计划,减少铁水倒运;实施集中配送制;统一编制生产、物流一体化作业计划。运输方式方面:消除厂内与社会路局铁路接轨站铁路运输瓶颈;对厂内道路进行运输线路规划;优化和协同经济高效运输方式;以车间为单位进行保产车辆配置,优化为在厂内统一汽车调度平台协调     

炼钢的新原料－碳化三铁

由于电炉—薄板坯连铸一直接轧制短流程工艺的出现和用户对钢质的日益苛求，单一废钢作电炉炼钢原料已满足不了钢质高洁净度的要求。碳化三铁作为一种废钢替代物，无论从投资、能耗、成本、运输和贮存以及环境保护等方面考察，皆优于现有的海绵铁。文中简介了碳化三铁的生产工艺，并对其发展远景作预测。     

炼钢的新原料—碳化三铁

由于电炉－薄板坯连铸－直接轧制短流程工艺的再现和用户对钢质的日益苛求，单一废钢作电炉炼钢原料已满足不了钢质高洁净度的要求。碳化三铁作为一种废钢替代物，无论从投资，能耗，成本，运输和贮存以及环境保护等方面考察，皆优于现有的海绵铁。文中简介了碳化三铁的生产工艺，并对其发展远景作预测。     

转炉炼钢厂加料跨系统运行控制研究

为提高转炉炼钢厂加料跨系统运行控制水平,试验以Q钢厂加料跨铁水包、铁包天车和废钢天车为研究对象,对铁水包、铁包天车和废钢天车的运行事件和时间进行解析;运用系统优化理论,给出其运行推荐时间值,提出铁水包周转率、铁包天车和废钢天车作业率两个运行控制评价指标,使加料跨实现系统控制具有数据支撑。研究表明,缩短系统运行柔性时间是提高控制水平的关键。     

Development and application of electric arc furnace combined blowing technology

A number of electric arc furnace (EAF) plants in China use high proportions of hot metal in the charge because of availability of excess liquid iron at the steelworks and/or because of the high price of scrap relative to hot metal. Liquid steel costs are still higher than the basic oxygen furnace as the EAF is not as efficient when refining liquid iron. EAF combined blowing technology has been modelled and installed in industrial plants with the aim of increasing stirring and hence improving refining. The industrial application of the combined blowing technology in a number of steel plants indicates that the combined blowing technology of EAF can effectively improve the pool stirring strength and reaction dynamics condition of the molten pool, and optimise production.     

Scrap Dissolution in Molten Iron Containing Carbon for the Case of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Control

The scrap dissolution in an actual process like the BOF is affected both by mass transfer and heat transfer. In this paper, the mass transfer of carbon in liquid melt is considered along with heat transfer. The approaches used in this paper to model the scrap dissolution phenomenon include the application of Green’s function, quasi-static, integral profile, and the finite difference approach for different Biot numbers. Mass transfer coefficients are calculated using the Chilton–Colburn’s analogy for the case of forced convection. Since the quasi-static approach requires the least computational time, it is used for a detailed parametric study, including the effect of other parameters like different scrap ratios and heating rates of liquid melt. The region of control of heat transfer vs mass transfer is also identified. The dissolution of mixed scrap (light and heavy scrap) is investigated for different scrap ratios and the autogenous heating rates of liquid melt, with the help of mathematical models. The heat transfer coefficient is estimated as a function of mixing energy and the mass transfer coefficient by invoking the Chilton–Colburn analogy. The permissible limits of light scrap, which can be charged into the BOF, are also suggested from the results of this model. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is trained on the dataset (patterns) generated by the coupled heat and mass transfer model. The accuracy of the results obtained using different ANN topologies is discussed followed by a recommendation for selecting the best approach.     

基于SE注意力机制的废钢分类评级方法

为了解决传统人工方法对废钢分类评级人为因素干扰大且效率低下等问题,提出基于挤压?激励（Squeeze?Excitation,SE）注意力机制构建废钢分类评级的深度学习网络模型,并对采集到的废钢卸载过程图像进行模型训练和验证。首先,搭建物理尺寸比例为1∶3废钢质量查验物理模型,采用高分辨率视觉传感器模拟采集货车卸载废钢作业场景下不同废钢的形貌特征;然后,对采集到的废钢图像使用跨阶段局部网络进行特征提取,利用空间金字塔结构解决特征丢失问题,采用注意力机制关注通道间的相关性;最后,在包含7个标签分类的两个数据集进行模型训练与验证。实验表明:该模型能够有效地对不同级别的废钢进行自动评级判定,全类别准确率达到83.7%,全类别平均精度为88.8%,在准确性方面相比于传统人工验质方法具有显著优势,解决了废钢入库过程中质量评价的公正性难题。      

Hydrodynamic modeling of some gas injection procedures in ladle metallurgy operations

Experimental studies of flows generated in a 0.30 scale water model of a 150 ton steelmaking ladle are reported. These were used to test the adequacy of a generalized two-dimensional computational scheme for predicting flows generated by fully submerged and partially submerged gas injection lances. The roles of turbulence models and grid configuration were assessed. Predictions for flow fields generated in a 150 ton steelworks ladle with and without tapered side walls, and with and without surface baffles around the rising plume were considered.     

超高功率电弧炉炼钢工艺模型

本文以物料平衡、热量平衡和化学平衡为基础，采用理论与经验相结合的模化方法，建立了超高功率电弧炉炼钢工艺模型，即冶金模型和热模型。冶金模型包括：优化配料模型、石灰加入量模型、钢水熔清成分模型、吹氧量模型、钢水终点成分模型和最优补加合金模型。热模型包括：废钢预热温度模型、能量消耗模型、能量损耗计算模型、能量供应计算模型和钢水温度预报模型。冶金模型中，加入了造渣料的计算。热模型中，考虑了废钢预热、氧燃烧     

低成本炼钢条件下废钢尺寸的控制实践

为了消化八钢历年积存的大块废钢和难加工的废钢,2014年起,八钢做了诸多的工艺创新,解决了历年遗留的废钢大块2.5万余吨,本文予以浅述。     

Numerical Model of Scrap Blending in BOF with Simultaneous Consideration of Steel Quality,Production Cost,and Energy Use

At its integrated steel plant in Luleå, SSAB EMEA produces high strength steel via two basic oxygen furnaces (BOFs), type LD/LBE. The BOFs are charged with a mix of hot metal, scrap, and slag formers. The scrap has several functions, for example, as coolant to balance excess heat, and it contributes to high steel production rate and decreased CO₂ emission. The optimal scrap to hot metal ratio is influenced by several factors, for example, the excess heat generated in the BOF versus target value of tapping temperature, content of contamination elements versus contents allowed in the steel, possible use of alloys in scrap to decrease the need of alloy addition and the scrap price versus the production cost of hot metal. The first two factors also affect the maximum amount of scrap to be charged. Furthermore, the available scrap exists as several types with different composition, properties, size, and price. For most scrap types there are also uncertainties in composition, which has to be considered. An optimization model has been further developed in combination with some statistic analysis techniques. The present work is focusing on the possibility to use the model as a tool to optimize and control raw material/scrap blending into the BOFs. On the basis of the statistical analysis technique, the scrap sorting in the model will be described, as well as development and introduction of an extended BOF sub‐model. This model includes a scrap sorting function and a response on deviations in steel quality. Real production data is used to identify steel quality parameters with consideration of different combination of elements, for example, S, Cr, Ni, and Cu. The possible solutions with simultaneous consideration of steel quality, energy consumption and production cost are presented.     

A Model of Foam Filters

Filtration with foam filters is reported as a successful method to remove inclusions from top-cut silicon scrap. Inclusions in top-cut silicon scrap are needle-like Si₃N₄ particles and round SiC inclusions. A high filtration efficiency of more than 99 pct for 30-ppi SiC filters is achieved. The inclusions that remain are mainly SiC particles smaller than 10 μm. Possibly these particles are primarily secondary inclusions. The filtration efficiency increases with decreasing filter pore size. The main factor that plays a role in deep-bed filtration seems to be interception. Various models are considered to estimate the removal efficiency of foam filters by this mechanism. Here, we propose a new model called “the branch” model. This model gives a high filtration efficiency and agrees the best with the experimental results.     

Steel scrap melting behavior based on linear dissipative thermodynamics

In order to reveal the mechanism of heat and mass transfer in the melting process of steel scrap, linear dissipative thermodynamics was applied to investigate the heat transfer between liquid steel and steel scrap, and the diffusion and mass transfer of carbon and the coupling relationship between them. Combined with the moving boundary layer theory model, the mass conservation equation of carbon at the interface was obtained when the liquid steel temperature is 1773K, the carbon mass fraction of liquid steel is 1.0 mass%, the scrap radius is 0.03m and the initial temperature of scrap is 300K, that is, the scrap melting model based on the theory of linear heat dissipation mechanics. The accuracy of the model is verified by previous experimental results. The scrap melting model based on linear heat dissipation mechanics established can predict the changes of carbon content, carbon activity and interface temperature with time in the scrap melting process, and provide theoretical guidance for practical industrial production.