丝素蛋白对棉织物整理研究

研究了丝素蛋白对棉织物的整理工艺及棉织物整理前后的各项性能，结果表明其最佳工艺是浸渍液温度85℃，丝素溶液质量浓度10g／L，浸渍60min．涂覆丝素膜经交联处理可使整理效果具有一定的耐洗性．丝素整理还能使棉织物的缩水率、耐磨性能、抗皱能力、抗弯刚度等得到一定的改善．     

聚丙烯酸钠在棉织物丝素防皱整理中的应用

研究了以丝素蛋白与聚丙烯酸钠作为抗皱整理液的工艺条件(丝素含量、交联剂用量、焙烘条件等)对棉织物防皱效果的影响.结果表明,聚丙烯酸钠能使丝素大分子更好地与棉纤维共价交联,改善棉织物的抗皱性,抑制棉织物强力下降,且整理后织物白度变化不大.     

响应面法优化丝素对棉织物的抗皱整理工艺

通过响应面方法,利用丝素整理剂对棉织物进行抗皱整理,得到了整理后棉织物的折皱回复角与丝素水解时间、丝素浓度、乙二醛浓度三个影响因素之间的多元回归方程,根据回归方程得出了最佳整理工艺,当丝素水解时间为83min,丝素浓度为8%,乙二醛浓度为5%时,棉织物的折皱回复角为163°。     

丝素蛋白/壳聚糖微球的制备及其对棉织物的整理

探讨了丝素蛋白/壳聚糖微球的制备与结构及其对棉织物的功能整理与性能表征。测试结果表明，在丝素蛋白/壳聚糖微球制备过程中，丝素蛋白与壳聚糖未发生反应，保持了各自的特性。选用丝素蛋白与壳聚糖质量比为2∶1制备的丝素蛋白/壳聚糖微球对棉织物进行整理。结果显示：丝素蛋白/壳聚糖微球对棉织物的优化工艺为整理剂质量浓度30 mg/mL、焙烘温度90℃、焙烘时间4～5 min;在此工艺条件下，整理后棉织物经水洗，其抗紫外线性能、断裂强力与回潮率均有不同程度的上升，折皱回复角与光滑度则有不同程度的下降；生物毒性前4 d低于未整理棉织物，4 d后高于未整理棉织物，7 d后细胞活性仍高于0.8。分析认为：使用丝素蛋白/壳聚糖微球对棉织物进行功能整理具有可行性。     

丝素蛋白对棉织物整理

用丝素蛋白对棉织物进行整理,研究整理前后棉织物的各项性能变化。结果表明:织物上的涂覆丝素膜经过交联处理可以使涂层具有耐热水洗性能。丝素整理能够改善棉织物的尺寸稳定性、耐磨性、抗折皱回复性、抗弯刚度等性能。     

纯棉织物氧化石墨烯防紫外线整理

氧化石墨烯具有优异的电学、光学性能且在水中具有很好的分散性,可用于织物防紫外线功能整理。文中研究了氧化石墨烯用于纯棉织物防紫外线功能整理,探讨了不同整理方法对织物性能的影响,并通过单因素试验、正交试验研究了浸渍工艺中氧化石墨烯用量、浸渍温度、浸渍时间、水洗次数对整理后纯棉织物防紫外线性能的影响。结果表明,氧化石墨烯用于纯棉织物防紫外线整理,可实现纯棉织物优异的防紫外线性能,且浸渍工艺整理的织物防紫外线性能、均匀性、手感等各方面均较优异;确定最佳工艺条件为:氧化石墨烯用量2.0 g/L,浸渍温度为100℃,浸渍时间为30 min,水洗10次。     

丝素与乙二醛整理剂在棉织物防皱整理中的应用

系统研究了水溶性丝素整理剂水解条件及其与乙二醛复配的整理工艺条件对棉织物防皱效果的影响，结果表明：丝素整理剂与乙二醛整理剂复配的协同效应很好，能明显改善棉织物的抗皱性，抑制棉织物撕破强度显著下降，同时可改善涤／棉混纺织物的起毛起球性。     

粘胶织物的丝素/纳米银溶胶功能整理北大核心

探讨了丝素/纳米银溶胶对粘胶织物整理的最佳工艺,以及在该工艺条件下粘胶织物的抗菌性、服用性与染色性能。研究表明,纳米银离子溶胶整理粘胶织物的最佳工艺条件为丝素/纳米银溶胶质量浓度100 mg/L、浸渍温度80℃、浸渍时间15 min。整理后粘胶织物对大肠埃希菌与金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达到85%以上,且织物的抗静电性能、吸湿回潮率、折皱回复角、力学性能及染色性能都有不同程度的提高,验证了丝素/纳米银溶胶整理对粘胶织物功能整理的可行性。     

丝素蛋白对棉纤维化学涂覆的研究 二

(2)棉织物渗透性能对丝素涂覆的影响 用于丝素涂覆棉织物的渗透性将直接影响涂覆液的渗透均匀性和涂覆后的增重率,这在采用浸渍法时更显重要。为此,用于涂覆织物的前处理必须经充分的退浆、煮练、漂白或丝光,以提高棉纤维的渗透性能。若对染色(或印花)棉织物进行涂覆,测应在柔软或其他整理之前进行。不同毛效的棉针织汗布对涂覆效果影响如表6。     

粘胶织物的丝素/纳米银溶胶功能整理

探讨了丝素/纳米银溶胶对粘胶织物整理的最佳工艺,以及在该工艺条件下粘胶织物的抗菌性、服用性与染色性能。研究表明,纳米银离子溶胶整理粘胶织物的最佳工艺条件为丝素/纳米银溶胶质量浓度100 mg/L、浸渍温度80℃、浸渍时间15 min。整理后粘胶织物对大肠埃希菌与金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达到85%以上,且织物的抗静电性能、吸湿回潮率、折皱回复角、力学性能及染色性能都有不同程度的提高,验证了丝素/纳米银溶胶整理对粘胶织物功能整理的可行性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the