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The mathematical model developed for the molten steel flow in the combined side and top blowing AOD refining process of stainless steel has been used to compute and analyze the flow fields of the liquid phases in the baths of the 120 t AOD converter and its water model unit with a 1/4 linear scale. The influence of the side tuyere number and the angle between each tuyere on the flows has been examined. The results demonstrate that the mathematical model can quite reliably and well model and predict the fluid flow in an AOD bath with the combined blowing. The liquid flow in an AOD converter bath with the combined blowing is resulted from the gas side blowing streams under the influence of a gas top blowing jet. The streams play a governing role on it; and the liquid in the whole bath is in active agitation and circulatory motion during the gas blowing process. The gas jet from the top lance does not change the essential features of the gas stirring and liquid flow in the bath, but can make the local flow pattern of the bath liquid obviously vary and its turbulent kinetic energy enhance. The changes in the tuyere position and number have similarly not altered the basic characteristics and patterns of the gas agitation and liquid flow and turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the bath. At a given tuyere number and gas side blowing rate or a given angular separation between each tuyere and gas side blowing rate, however, the variation of the angle between each tuyere or the tuyere number can locally change them. Using 6 tuyeres with 27° can reach the more uniform flow field and turbulent energy distribution of the liquid in the bath than taking 7 tuyeres with 18° or 22.5° and 6 tuyeres with 22.5°. 相似文献
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Hong‐Li Zhu Ji‐He Wei Guo‐Min Shi Jie‐Hui Shu Qing‐Yuan Jiang He‐Bing Chi 《国际钢铁研究》2007,78(4):305-310
Mathematical modeling of stainless steelmaking in an AOD (argon‐oxygen decarburisation) converter with side and top combined blowing has been preliminarily investigated. The actual situations of the side and top combined blowing AOD process were analysed. A mathematical model for the whole refining process of stainless steel has been proposed and developed. The model is based on the assumption that one part of the oxygen blown through a top lance reacts with CO escaping from the bath, another part of the oxygen oxidizes the elements in the molten steel droplets splashed by the oxygen jet, and the remaining oxygen penetrates and dissolves into the molten steel through the pit stroked by the jet. All the oxygen entering into the bath oxidizes C, Cr, Si, and Mn dissolved in the steel and also the Fe of the steel melt, but the FeO generated is also an oxidant of C, Cr, Si, and Mn in the steel. During the process, all possible oxidation‐reduction reactions occur simultaneously and reach their equilibria, respectively their combined equilibrium, in competition at the liquid/bubble and liquid/slag interfaces. In the simple side blowing after the top blowing operation is finished, the possible reactions take place simultaneously and reach a combined equilibrium in competition at the liquid/bubble interfaces. The overall decarburization rate in the refining process is the sum of the contributions of both the top and side blowing processes. It is also assumed that at high carbon concentrations, the oxidation rates of elements are mainly dependent upon the supplied oxygen rate, and at low carbon contents, the rate of decarburisation is primarily related to the mass transfer of carbon from the molten steel bulk to the interface. It is further assumed that the non‐reacting oxygen blown into the bath does not accumulate in the steel and will escape from the bath and react with CO in the atmosphere above the bath. The study presents calculations of the refining rate and the mass and heat balances of the system for the whole process. Additionally, the influences of the operating factors, including addition of slag materials, scrap, and alloy agents, the non‐isothermal conditions, the changes in the amounts of metal and slag during the whole refining process, and others have all been considered. 相似文献
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The mass transfer characteristics in a steel bath during the AOD refining process with the conditions of combined side and top blowing were investigated. The experiments were conducted on a water model unit of 1/4 linear scale for a 120‐t combined side and top blowing AOD converter. Sodium chloride powder of analytical purity was employed as the flux for blowing, and the mass transfer coefficient of solute (NaCI) in the bath was determined under the conditions of the AOD process. The effects of the gas flow rates of side and top blowing processes, the position arrangement and number of side tuyeres, the powdered flux particle (bubble) size and others on the characteristics were examined. The results indicated that, under the conditions of the present work, the mass transfer coefficient of solute in the bath liquid is in the range of (7.31×10?5‐3.84×10?4) m/s. The coefficient increases non‐linearly with increasing angle between each tuyere, for the simple side blowing process at a given side tuyere number and gas side blowing rate. The gas flow rate of the main tuyere has a governing influence on the characteristics, and the gas jet from the top lance decreases the mass transfer rate, the relevant coefficient being smaller than that for a simple side blowing. Also, in the range of particle (bubble) size used in the present work and with all other factors being constant, raising particle (bubble) size increases the coefficient. Excessively fine powder particle (bubble) sizes are not advantageous to strengthening the mass transfer. With the oxygen top blowing rate practiced in the industrial technology, the side tuyere arrangements of 7 and 6 tuyeres with an angular separation of 22.5° and 27° between each tuyere, as well as 5 tuyeres with an angle of 22.5° between each tuyere can provide a larger mass transfer rate in the bath. Considering the relative velocity of the particles to the liquid, the energy dissipation caused by the fluctuation in the velocity of the liquid in turbulent flow and regarding the mass transfer as that between a rigid bubble and molten steel, the related dimensionless relationships for the coefficient were obtained. 相似文献
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Ji‐He Wei Hong‐Li Zhu Sen‐Long Yan Xin‐Chao Wang Jin‐Chang Ma Guo‐Min Shi Qing‐Yan Jiang He‐Bing Chi Li‐Bing Che Kai Zhang 《国际钢铁研究》2005,76(5):362-371
The fluid mixing characteristics in the bath during the side and top combined blowing AOD (argon‐oxygen decarburization) refining process of stainless steel were preliminarily investigated on a water model unit of a 120 t AOD converter. The geometric similarity ratio between the model and its prototype (including the side tuyeres and the top lances) was 1:4. On the basis of the theoretical calculations for the parameters of the gas streams in the side tuyeres and the top lances, the gas blowing rates used for the model were more reasonably determined. The influence of the tuyere number and position arrangement, and the gas flow rates for side and top blowing on the characteristics was examined. The results demonstrated that the liquid in the bath underwent vigorous circulatory motion during gas blowing, without obvious dead zone in the bath, resulting in a high mixing effectiveness. The gas flow rate of the main tuyere had a governing role on the characteristics, a suitable increase in the gas flow rate of the subtuyere could improve mixing efficiency, and the gas jet from the top lance made the mixing time prolong. Corresponding to the oxygen top blowing rate specified by the technology, a roughly equivalent and good mixing effectiveness could be reached by using six side tuyeres with an angle of 27 degrees between each tuyere, and five side tuyeres with an angular separation of 22.5 or 27 degrees between each tuyere. The relationships of the mixing time with the gas blowing rates of main‐tuyeres and sub‐tuyeres and top lance, the angle between each tuyere, and the tuyere number were evaluated. 相似文献
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Considering that the liquid flow field under the conditions of the combined side and top blowing would be a combined result from the common action of the side blowing gas streams and a gas top blowing jet, as the first attempt, the three‐dimensional mathematical models for the flows of molten steel in an AOD converter bath during the simple side and top blowing processes have been proposed and developed, respectively. And the mathematical model of the flow in the bath during the combined blowing AOD refining process of stainless steel has been given by the composition and superposition of the two models. In the composed model, the gas‐liquid two‐phase flow is described and treated in terms of the two‐fluid (Eulerian‐Eulerian) model. The especially modified two‐equation k?ε model for the turbulence in the liquid phase is employed. And, the surface of the sunken pit formed by impact of the gas jet blown from a top lance at the central location of the bath liquid surface is regarded as a revolution paraboloid. The related details of the composed model are shown. 相似文献
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The fluid flow in a bath in combined top and bottom blowing vacuum‐oxygen decarburization (VOD) refining process of stainless steel has numerically been simulated. The three‐dimensional mathematical model used is essentially based on that proposed in our previous work for the flow in combined side and top blowing argon‐oxygen decarburization (AOD) process, but considering the influence of reduced ambient pressure. Applying it to the flow in the bath of a 120 t VOD vessel under the refining conditions, the results present that the model can fairly well simulate and estimate the flow phenomena. The flow pattern of molten steel in the bath with the combined blowing is a composite result under the common action of the jets from a three‐hole Laval top lance and gas bottom blowing streams. The jets have a leading role on it; the molten steel in the whole bath is in vigorous stirring and circulatory motion during the blowing process. The streams do not alter the basic features of the gas agitation and liquid flow, but can evidently change the local flow pattern of the liquid and increase its turbulent kinetic energy to a certain extent. The flow field and turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the combined blowing with three tuyeres are more uniform than those in the blowing with double tuyeres. Increasing properly the tuyere eccentricities is of advantage for improving the velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distributions, the stirring and mixing result in the practical VOD refining process. 相似文献
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太钢新改造的3座AOD转炉投产及其先进的工艺控制技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
太钢3座40tAOD转炉改造后扩容到45t并于2004年4月成功投产,主要采用两步法生产铁素体和奥氏体不锈钢。介绍了该项目的主要特点以及奥钢联AOD技术特点。 相似文献
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针对宝钢不锈钢分公司侧顶复吹AOD炉在实际使用过程中表现出来的脱碳速度偏慢、钢水中铬元素氧化量偏大、吹炼过程升温偏慢的情况,以实验室模拟研究结果为基础,通过将其顶部单孔氧枪改为三孔氧枪的方法,对比分析了AOD炉单孔顶枪、11°三孔顶枪和15°三孔顶枪在脱碳速度、钢水中铬氧化情况以及升温速度3个方面的各自表现.结果表明,当AOD炉以电炉提供的高碳母液为主原料时,在枪位设定合理的条件下,11°三孔顶枪的使用有利于进一步提高AOD炉脱碳速度、降低AOD炉钢中铬氧化并加快熔池升温速度;单孔氧枪由于孔数不足,其在AOD炉中的不锈钢冶炼效果不佳;15°三孔顶枪由于孔间夹角设定不合理,与宝钢不锈钢分公司AOD炉侧吹复合使用时效果不佳. 相似文献
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《Baosteel Technical Research》2012,6(3):28-31
A series of improvements in prolonging the AOD refractory lining life in Baosteel are introduced and analyzed in this paper,including modification of the AOD shell shape,adjustment of the top slag components and selection of the side-blowing tuyeres. Firstly,the layout of side-blow tuyeres was altered with the angle between each two tuyeres being 22.5° instead of the original 18°,and the connection of the outside steel shell in the side-blow area was modified from the former platform shape with great stress concentration into a new smooth circle shape. Secondly,the slag components were changed from the former CaO-FeO-SiO2 system to the CaO-MgO-SiO2 system. Besides,the basicity of the top slag was kept higher than 1.8,and the MgO content in the slag was kept within the range of 8%-12%. Finally,tuyeres with an inner diameter 13% smaller than that of the original tuyeres were used. Based on these research and optimization work,the thermodynamics and kinetics in the AOD refining bath has been improved markedly,and the campaign of the AOD has been prolonged from 45 heats at the beginning of its start-up to the current 185 heats. Meanwhile,the yield of chromium alloy and the decarburization efficiency have also been improved. 相似文献
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介绍了不锈钢炼钢的总体概况和品种的发展情况,论述了不锈钢在铁水预处理、转炉、电炉、二次精炼、连铸等方面的技术进步,提出了不锈钢生产流程未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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在冶金热力学和动力学及反应工程学原理的基础上，建立了模拟复吹转炉冶炼过程的数学模型．在用梅钢150t复吹转炉工业试验的结果对模型加以验证之后，利用模型对具有中高磷铁水特点的梅钢转炉吹炼工艺进行了分析讨论． 相似文献
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近年来中国不锈钢的产量及国内市场消费量均已达世界第一,2009年不锈钢产能为1 400万t,其中先进装备产能达到70%以上,产业集中度要高于其他钢铁产品,然而在精炼生产过程控制、产品质量方面,与国外仍有一定的差距.鉴于此,介绍了国内外不锈钢精炼的数学、物理及过程控制模型,讨论了不锈钢中非金属夹杂物的形成机制及其在精炼、... 相似文献
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本文在建立复吹转炉底枪附近传热及蘑菇头生成模型的基础上,分析和讨论了喷嘴砖附近温度场的变化。操作因素对温度场的影响,以及喷嘴出口处蘑菇头的生长规律。研究结果表明,在喷嘴出口附近(从工作面到200mm左右深处)的温度梯度最大,而且切换气体时温变速率最大,因此,该区域内最易产生热裂纹。蘑菇头的生成与否及尺寸主要取决于气体的冷却能力。 相似文献